1. A method of transmitting broadcast signals, the method including:
processing input streams into at least one Physical Layer Pipe (PLP);
encoding data of the at least one PLP with LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes;
bit interleaving the LDPC encoded data of the at least one PLP;
mapping the bit interleaved data by using Non-Uniform Constellation (NUC) scheme, wherein a number of constellation points of the NUC scheme are 256, and a code rate is 515;
time interleaving the mapped data;
building at least one signal frame including the time interleaved data of the at least one PLP; and
modulating data in the at least one built signal frame by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data,
wherein values of real and imaginary components of the constellation points included in the NUC scheme are expressed as:
b0,ib1,i . . . b7,i
Re(ei)
Im(ei)
00000000
0.1524
0.3087
00000001
0.1525
0.3087
00000010
0.1513
0.3043
00000011
0.1513
0.3043
00000100
0.1682
0.3004
00000101
0.1682
0.3005
00000110
0.1663
0.2964
00000111
0.1663
0.2964
00001000
0.1964
0.6584
00001001
0.1965
0.6583
00001010
0.1967
0.6652
00001011
0.1968
0.6652
00001100
0.3371
0.5987
00001101
0.3370
0.5987
00001110
0.3414
0.6039
00001111
0.3413
0.6039
00010000
0.3087
0.1524
00010001
0.3087
0.1525
00010010
0.3043
0.1513
00010011
0.3043
0.1513
00010100
0.3004
0.1682
00010101
0.3005
0.1682
00010110
0.2964
0.1663
00010111
0.2964
0.1663
00011000
0.6584
0.1964
00011001
0.6583
0.1965
00011010
0.6652
0.1967
00011011
0.6652
0.1968
00011100
0.5987
0.3371
00011101
0.5987
0.3370
00011110
0.6039
0.3414
00011111
0.6039
0.3413
00100000
0.3183
1.5992
00100001
0.3186
1.5991
00100010
0.2756
1.3848
00100011
0.2759
1.3847
00100100
0.9060
1.3557
00100101
0.9058
1.3559
00100110
0.7846
1.1739
00100111
0.7843
1.1741
00101000
0.2257
0.9956
00101001
0.2259
0.9956
00101010
0.2276
1.0326
00101011
0.2278
1.0326
00101100
0.5446
0.8635
00101101
0.5445
0.8636
00101110
0.5694
0.8910
00101111
0.5692
0.8911
00110000
1.5992
0.3183
00110001
1.5991
0.3186
00110010
1.3848
0.2756
00110011
1.3847
0.2759
00110100
1.3557
0.9060
00110101
1.3559
0.9058
00110110
1.1739
0.7846
00110111
1.1741
0.7843
00111000
0.9956
0.2257
00111001
0.9956
0.2259
00111010
1.0326
0.2276
00111011
1.0326
0.2278
00111100
0.8635
0.5446
00111101
0.8636
0.5445
00111110
0.8910
0.5694
00111111
0.8911
0.5692
01000000
\u22120.1524
0.3087
01000001
\u22120.1525
0.3087
01000010
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000011
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000100
\u22120.1682
0.3004
01000101
\u22120.1682
0.3005
01000110
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01000111
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01001000
\u22120.1964
0.6584
01001001
\u22120.1965
0.6583
01001010
\u22120.1967
0.6652
01001011
\u22120.1968
0.6652
01001100
\u22120.3371
0.5987
01001101
\u22120.3370
0.5987
01001110
\u22120.3414
0.6039
01001111
\u22120.3413
0.6039
01010000
\u22120.3087
0.1524
01010001
\u22120.3087
0.1525
01010010
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010011
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010100
\u22120.3004
0.1682
01010101
\u22120.3005
0.1682
01010110
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01010111
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01011000
\u22120.6584
0.1964
01011001
\u22120.6583
0.1965
01011010
\u22120.6652
0.1967
01011011
\u22120.6652
0.1968
01011100
\u22120.5987
0.3371
01011101
\u22120.5987
0.3370
01011110
\u22120.6039
0.3414
01011111
\u22120.6039
0.3413
01100000
\u22120.3183
1.5992
01100001
\u22120.3186
1.5991
01100010
\u22120.2756
1.3848
01100011
\u22120.2759
1.3847
01100100
\u22120.9060
1.3557
01100101
\u22120.9058
1.3559
01100110
\u22120.7846
1.1739
01100111
\u22120.7843
1.1741
01101000
\u22120.2257
0.9956
01101001
\u22120.2259
0.9956
01101010
\u22120.2276
1.0326
01101011
\u22120.2278
1.0326
01101100
\u22120.5446
0.8635
01101101
\u22120.5445
0.8636
01101110
\u22120.5694
0.8910
01101111
\u22120.5692
0.8911
01110000
\u22121.5992
0.3183
01110001
\u22121.5991
0.3186
01110010
\u22121.3848
0.2756
01110011
\u22121.3847
0.2759
01110100
\u22121.3557
0.9060
01110101
\u22121.3559
0.9058
01110110
\u22121.1739
0.7846
01110111
\u22121.1741
0.7843
01111000
\u22120.9956
0.2257
01111001
\u22120.9956
0.2259
01111010
\u22121.0326
0.2276
01111011
\u22121.0326
0.2278
01111100
\u22120.8635
0.5446
01111101
\u22120.8636
0.5445
01111110
\u22120.8910
0.5694
01111111
\u22120.8911
0.5692
10000000
0.1524
\u22120.3087
10000001
0.1525
\u22120.3087
10000010
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000011
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000100
0.1682
\u22120.3004
10000101
0.1682
\u22120.3005
10000110
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10000111
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10001000
0.1964
\u22120.6584
10001001
0.1965
\u22120.6583
10001010
0.1967
\u22120.6652
10001011
0.1968
\u22120.6652
10001100
0.3371
\u22120.5987
10001101
0.3370
\u22120.5987
10001110
0.3414
\u22120.6039
10001111
0.3413
\u22120.6039
10010000
0.3087
\u22120.1524
10010001
0.3087
\u22120.1525
10010010
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010011
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010100
0.3004
\u22120.1682
10010101
0.3005
\u22120.1682
10010110
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10010111
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10011000
0.6584
\u22120.1964
10011001
0.6583
\u22120.1965
10011010
0.6652
\u22120.1967
10011011
0.6652
\u22120.1968
10011100
0.5987
\u22120.3371
10011101
0.5987
\u22120.3370
10011110
0.6039
\u22120.3414
10011111
0.6039
\u22120.3413
10100000
0.3183
\u22121.5992
10100001
0.3186
\u22121.5991
10100010
0.2756
\u22121.3848
10100011
0.2759
\u22121.3847
10100100
0.9060
\u22121.3557
10100101
0.9058
\u22121.3559
10100110
0.7846
\u22121.1739
10100111
0.7843
\u22121.1741
10101000
0.2257
\u22120.9956
10101001
0.2259
\u22120.9956
10101010
0.2276
\u22121.0326
10101011
0.2278
\u22121.0326
10101100
0.5446
\u22120.8635
10101101
0.5445
\u22120.8636
10101110
0.5694
\u22120.8910
10101111
0.5692
\u22120.8911
10110000
1.5992
\u22120.3183
10110001
1.5991
\u22120.3186
10110010
1.3848
\u22120.2756
10110011
1.3847
\u22120.2759
10110100
1.3557
\u22120.9060
10110101
1.3559
\u22120.9058
10110110
1.1739
\u22120.7846
10110111
1.1741
\u22120.7843
10111000
0.9956
\u22120.2257
10111001
0.9956
\u22120.2259
10111010
1.0326
\u22120.2276
10111011
1.0326
\u22120.2278
10111100
0.8635
\u22120.5446
10111101
0.8636
\u22120.5445
10111110
0.8910
\u22120.5694
10111111
0.8911
\u22120.5692
11000000
\u22120.1524
\u22120.3087
11000001
\u22120.1525
\u22120.3087
11000010
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000011
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000100
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3004
11000101
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3005
11000110
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11000111
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11001000
\u22120.1964
\u22120.6584
11001001
\u22120.1965
\u22120.6583
11001010
\u22120.1967
\u22120.6652
11001011
\u22120.1968
\u22120.6652
11001100
\u22120.3371
\u22120.5987
11001101
\u22120.3370
\u22120.5987
11001110
\u22120.3414
\u22120.6039
11001111
\u22120.3413
\u22120.6039
11010000
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1524
11010001
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1525
11010010
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010011
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010100
\u22120.3004
\u22120.1682
11010101
\u22120.3005
\u22120.1682
11010110
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11010111
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11011000
\u22120.6584
\u22120.1964
11011001
\u22120.6583
\u22120.1965
11011010
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1967
11011011
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1968
11011100
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3371
11011101
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3370
11011110
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3414
11011111
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3413
11100000
\u22120.3183
\u22121.5992
11100001
\u22120.3186
\u22121.5991
11100010
\u22120.2756
\u22121.3848
11100011
\u22120.2759
\u22121.3847
11100100
\u22120.9060
\u22121.3557
11100101
\u22120.9058
\u22121.3559
11100110
\u22120.7846
\u22121.1739
11100111
\u22120.7843
\u22121.1741
11101000
\u22120.2257
\u22120.9956
11101001
\u22120.2259
\u22120.9956
11101010
\u22120.2276
\u22121.0326
11101011
\u22120.2278
\u22121.0326
11101100
\u22120.5446
\u22120.8635
11101101
\u22120.5445
\u22120.8636
11101110
\u22120.5694
\u22120.8910
11101111
\u22120.5692
\u22120.8911
11110000
\u22121.5992
\u22120.3183
11110001
\u22121.5991
\u22120.3186
11110010
\u22121.3848
\u22120.2756
11110011
\u22121.3847
\u22120.2759
11110100
\u22121.3557
\u22120.9060
11110101
\u22121.3559
\u22120.9058
11110110
\u22121.1739
\u22120.7846
11110111
\u22121.1741
\u22120.7843
11111000
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2257
11111001
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2259
11111010
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2276
11111011
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2278
11111100
\u22120.8635
\u22120.5446
11111101
\u22120.8636
\u22120.5445
11111110
\u22120.8910
\u22120.5694
11111111
\u22120.8911
\u22120.5692
wherein the constellation points are listed in a column labeled b0,i, b1,i, . . . , b7,i, wherein the values of real components are listed in a column labeled Re(ei), and wherein the values of imaginary components are listed in a column labeled Im(ei).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to In-phase axis of complex plane, and
wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to Quadrature axis of complex plane.
3. The method of claim 1, when each of the constellation points are rotated by multiple of 90 degrees in complex plane, the rotated constellation points overlap with the original constellations.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a set of the constellation points has arbitrary shape, when the bit interleaved data are mapped by using the NUC scheme.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the constellation points are arranged according to FIG. 63
when the bit interleaved data are mapped by using the NUC scheme, the number of the constellation points are 256, and the code rate is 515.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the constellation points of the NUC scheme used by an associated PLP is signaled by a PLP modulation parameter in the at least one built signal frame.
7. A method of receiving broadcast signals, the method including:
receiving the broadcast signals having at least one signal frame and demodulating data in the at least one signal frame by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method;
parsing the at least one signal frame by demapping demodulated data of at least one Physical Layer Pipe (PLP);
time deinterleaving demapped data of the at least one PLP;
demapping the time deinterleaved data by using Non-Uniform Constellation (NUC) scheme, wherein a number of constellation points of the NUC scheme are 256, and a code rate is 515;
bit deinterleaving the demapped deinterleaved data;
decoding the bit deinterleaved data with LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes; and
processing the decoded data of the at least one PLP to generate output streams, wherein values of real and imaginary components of the constellation points included in the NUC scheme are expressed as:
b0,ib1,i . . . b7,i
Re(ei)
Im(ei)
00000000
0.1524
0.3087
00000001
0.1525
0.3087
00000010
0.1513
0.3043
00000011
0.1513
0.3043
00000100
0.1682
0.3004
00000101
0.1682
0.3005
00000110
0.1663
0.2964
00000111
0.1663
0.2964
00001000
0.1964
0.6584
00001001
0.1965
0.6583
00001010
0.1967
0.6652
00001011
0.1968
0.6652
00001100
0.3371
0.5987
00001101
0.3370
0.5987
00001110
0.3414
0.6039
00001111
0.3413
0.6039
00010000
0.3087
0.1524
00010001
0.3087
0.1525
00010010
0.3043
0.1513
00010011
0.3043
0.1513
00010100
0.3004
0.1682
00010101
0.3005
0.1682
00010110
0.2964
0.1663
00010111
0.2964
0.1663
00011000
0.6584
0.1964
00011001
0.6583
0.1965
00011010
0.6652
0.1967
00011011
0.6652
0.1968
00011100
0.5987
0.3371
00011101
0.5987
0.3370
00011110
0.6039
0.3414
00011111
0.6039
0.3413
00100000
0.3183
1.5992
00100001
0.3186
1.5991
00100010
0.2756
1.3848
00100011
0.2759
1.3847
00100100
0.9060
1.3557
00100101
0.9058
1.3559
00100110
0.7846
1.1739
00100111
0.7843
1.1741
00101000
0.2257
0.9956
00101001
0.2259
0.9956
00101010
0.2276
1.0326
00101011
0.2278
1.0326
00101100
0.5446
0.8635
00101101
0.5445
0.8636
00101110
0.5694
0.8910
00101111
0.5692
0.8911
00110000
1.5992
0.3183
00110001
1.5991
0.3186
00110010
1.3848
0.2756
00110011
1.3847
0.2759
00110100
1.3557
0.9060
00110101
1.3559
0.9058
00110110
1.1739
0.7846
00110111
1.1741
0.7843
00111000
0.9956
0.2257
00111001
0.9956
0.2259
00111010
1.0326
0.2276
00111011
1.0326
0.2278
00111100
0.8635
0.5446
00111101
0.8636
0.5445
00111110
0.8910
0.5694
00111111
0.8911
0.5692
01000000
\u22120.1524
0.3087
01000001
\u22120.1525
0.3087
01000010
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000011
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000100
\u22120.1682
0.3004
01000101
\u22120.1682
0.3005
01000110
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01000111
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01001000
\u22120.1964
0.6584
01001001
\u22120.1965
0.6583
01001010
\u22120.1967
0.6652
01001011
\u22120.1968
0.6652
01001100
\u22120.3371
0.5987
01001101
\u22120.3370
0.5987
01001110
\u22120.3414
0.6039
01001111
\u22120.3413
0.6039
01010000
\u22120.3087
0.1524
01010001
\u22120.3087
0.1525
01010010
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010011
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010100
\u22120.3004
0.1682
01010101
\u22120.3005
0.1682
01010110
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01010111
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01011000
\u22120.6584
0.1964
01011001
\u22120.6583
0.1965
01011010
\u22120.6652
0.1967
01011011
\u22120.6652
0.1968
01011100
\u22120.5987
0.3371
01011101
\u22120.5987
0.3370
01011110
\u22120.6039
0.3414
01011111
\u22120.6039
0.3413
01100000
\u22120.3183
1.5992
01100001
\u22120.3186
1.5991
01100010
\u22120.2756
1.3848
01100011
\u22120.2759
1.3847
01100100
\u22120.9060
1.3557
01100101
\u22120.9058
1.3559
01100110
\u22120.7846
1.1739
01100111
\u22120.7843
1.1741
01101000
\u22120.2257
0.9956
01101001
\u22120.2259
0.9956
01101010
\u22120.2276
1.0326
01101011
\u22120.2278
1.0326
01101100
\u22120.5446
0.8635
01101101
\u22120.5445
0.8636
01101110
\u22120.5694
0.8910
01101111
\u22120.5692
0.8911
01110000
\u22121.5992
0.3183
01110001
\u22121.5991
0.3186
01110010
\u22121.3848
0.2756
01110011
\u22121.3847
0.2759
01110100
\u22121.3557
0.9060
01110101
\u22121.3559
0.9058
01110110
\u22121.1739
0.7846
01110111
\u22121.1741
0.7843
01111000
\u22120.9956
0.2257
01111001
\u22120.9956
0.2259
01111010
\u22121.0326
0.2276
01111011
\u22121.0326
0.2278
01111100
\u22120.8635
0.5446
01111101
\u22120.8636
0.5445
01111110
\u22120.8910
0.5694
01111111
\u22120.8911
0.5692
10000000
0.1524
\u22120.3087
10000001
0.1525
\u22120.3087
10000010
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000011
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000100
0.1682
\u22120.3004
10000101
0.1682
\u22120.3005
10000110
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10000111
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10001000
0.1964
\u22120.6584
10001001
0.1965
\u22120.6583
10001010
0.1967
\u22120.6652
10001011
0.1968
\u22120.6652
10001100
0.3371
\u22120.5987
10001101
0.3370
\u22120.5987
10001110
0.3414
\u22120.6039
10001111
0.3413
\u22120.6039
10010000
0.3087
\u22120.1524
10010001
0.3087
\u22120.1525
10010010
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010011
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010100
0.3004
\u22120.1682
10010101
0.3005
\u22120.1682
10010110
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10010111
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10011000
0.6584
\u22120.1964
10011001
0.6583
\u22120.1965
10011010
0.6652
\u22120.1967
10011011
0.6652
\u22120.1968
10011100
0.5987
\u22120.3371
10011101
0.5987
\u22120.3370
10011110
0.6039
\u22120.3414
10011111
0.6039
\u22120.3413
10100000
0.3183
\u22121.5992
10100001
0.3186
\u22121.5991
10100010
0.2756
\u22121.3848
10100011
0.2759
\u22121.3847
10100100
0.9060
\u22121.3557
10100101
0.9058
\u22121.3559
10100110
0.7846
\u22121.1739
10100111
0.7843
\u22121.1741
10101000
0.2257
\u22120.9956
10101001
0.2259
\u22120.9956
10101010
0.2276
\u22121.0326
10101011
0.2278
\u22121.0326
10101100
0.5446
\u22120.8635
10101101
0.5445
\u22120.8636
10101110
0.5694
\u22120.8910
10101111
0.5692
\u22120.8911
10110000
1.5992
\u22120.3183
10110001
1.5991
\u22120.3186
10110010
1.3848
\u22120.2756
10110011
1.3847
\u22120.2759
10110100
1.3557
\u22120.9060
10110101
1.3559
\u22120.9058
10110110
1.1739
\u22120.7846
10110111
1.1741
\u22120.7843
10111000
0.9956
\u22120.2257
10111001
0.9956
\u22120.2259
10111010
1.0326
\u22120.2276
10111011
1.0326
\u22120.2278
10111100
0.8635
\u22120.5446
10111101
0.8636
\u22120.5445
10111110
0.8910
\u22120.5694
10111111
0.8911
\u22120.5692
11000000
\u22120.1524
\u22120.3087
11000001
\u22120.1525
\u22120.3087
11000010
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000011
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000100
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3004
11000101
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3005
11000110
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11000111
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11001000
\u22120.1964
\u22120.6584
11001001
\u22120.1965
\u22120.6583
11001010
\u22120.1967
\u22120.6652
11001011
\u22120.1968
\u22120.6652
11001100
\u22120.3371
\u22120.5987
11001101
\u22120.3370
\u22120.5987
11001110
\u22120.3414
\u22120.6039
11001111
\u22120.3413
\u22120.6039
11010000
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1524
11010001
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1525
11010010
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010011
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010100
\u22120.3004
\u22120.1682
11010101
\u22120.3005
\u22120.1682
11010110
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11010111
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11011000
\u22120.6584
\u22120.1964
11011001
\u22120.6583
\u22120.1965
11011010
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1967
11011011
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1968
11011100
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3371
11011101
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3370
11011110
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3414
11011111
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3413
11100000
\u22120.3183
\u22121.5992
11100001
\u22120.3186
\u22121.5991
11100010
\u22120.2756
\u22121.3848
11100011
\u22120.2759
\u22121.3847
11100100
\u22120.9060
\u22121.3557
11100101
\u22120.9058
\u22121.3559
11100110
\u22120.7846
\u22121.1739
11100111
\u22120.7843
\u22121.1741
11101000
\u22120.2257
\u22120.9956
11101001
\u22120.2259
\u22120.9956
11101010
\u22120.2276
\u22121.0326
11101011
\u22120.2278
\u22121.0326
11101100
\u22120.5446
\u22120.8635
11101101
\u22120.5445
\u22120.8636
11101110
\u22120.5694
\u22120.8910
11101111
\u22120.5692
\u22120.8911
11110000
\u22121.5992
\u22120.3183
11110001
\u22121.5991
\u22120.3186
11110010
\u22121.3848
\u22120.2756
11110011
\u22121.3847
\u22120.2759
11110100
\u22121.3557
\u22120.9060
11110101
\u22121.3559
\u22120.9058
11110110
\u22121.1739
\u22120.7846
11110111
\u22121.1741
\u22120.7843
11111000
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2257
11111001
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2259
11111010
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2276
11111011
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2278
11111100
\u22120.8635
\u22120.5446
11111101
\u22120.8636
\u22120.5445
11111110
\u22120.8910
\u22120.5694
11111111
\u22120.8911
\u22120.5692
wherein the constellation points are listed in a column labeled b0,i, b1,i, . . . , b7,i, wherein the values of real components are listed in a column labeled Re(ei), and wherein the values of imaginary components are listed in a column labeled Im(ei).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to In-phase axis of complex plane, and
wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to Quadrature axis of complex plane.
9. The method of claim 7, when each of the constellation points are rotated by multiple of 90 degrees in complex plane, the rotated constellation points overlap with the original constellations.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein a set of the constellation points has arbitrary shape, when the MIMO decoded data are demapped by using the NUC scheme.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the constellation points are arranged according to FIG. 63
when the time deinterleaved data are demapped by using the NUC scheme, the number of the constellation points are 256, and the code rate is 515.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the constellation points of the NUC scheme used by an associated PLP is signaled by a PLP modulation parameter in the at least one built signal frame.
13. An apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, the apparatus including:
an input processing module to process input streams into at least one Physical Layer Pipe (PLP);
an LDPC block to encode data of the at least one PLP with LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes;
a bit interleaving block to bit interleave the LDPC encoded data of the at least one PLP;
a mapping block to map the bit interleaved data by using Non-Uniform Constellation (NUC) scheme, wherein a number of constellation points of the NUC scheme are 256, and a code rate is 515;
a time interleaving block to time interleave the mapped data;
a frame building module to build at least one signal frame including the time interleaved data of the at least one PLP; and
an OFDM module to modulate data in the at least one built signal frame by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method and to transmit the broadcast signals having the modulated data,
wherein values of real and imaginary components of the constellation points included in the NUC scheme are expressed as:
b0,ib1,i . . . b7,i
Re(ei)
Im(ei)
00000000
0.1524
0.3087
00000001
0.1525
0.3087
00000010
0.1513
0.3043
00000011
0.1513
0.3043
00000100
0.1682
0.3004
00000101
0.1682
0.3005
00000110
0.1663
0.2964
00000111
0.1663
0.2964
00001000
0.1964
0.6584
00001001
0.1965
0.6583
00001010
0.1967
0.6652
00001011
0.1968
0.6652
00001100
0.3371
0.5987
00001101
0.3370
0.5987
00001110
0.3414
0.6039
00001111
0.3413
0.6039
00010000
0.3087
0.1524
00010001
0.3087
0.1525
00010010
0.3043
0.1513
00010011
0.3043
0.1513
00010100
0.3004
0.1682
00010101
0.3005
0.1682
00010110
0.2964
0.1663
00010111
0.2964
0.1663
00011000
0.6584
0.1964
00011001
0.6583
0.1965
00011010
0.6652
0.1967
00011011
0.6652
0.1968
00011100
0.5987
0.3371
00011101
0.5987
0.3370
00011110
0.6039
0.3414
00011111
0.6039
0.3413
00100000
0.3183
1.5992
00100001
0.3186
1.5991
00100010
0.2756
1.3848
00100011
0.2759
1.3847
00100100
0.9060
1.3557
00100101
0.9058
1.3559
00100110
0.7846
1.1739
00100111
0.7843
1.1741
00101000
0.2257
0.9956
00101001
0.2259
0.9956
00101010
0.2276
1.0326
00101011
0.2278
1.0326
00101100
0.5446
0.8635
00101101
0.5445
0.8636
00101110
0.5694
0.8910
00101111
0.5692
0.8911
00110000
1.5992
0.3183
00110001
1.5991
0.3186
00110010
1.3848
0.2756
00110011
1.3847
0.2759
00110100
1.3557
0.9060
00110101
1.3559
0.9058
00110110
1.1739
0.7846
00110111
1.1741
0.7843
00111000
0.9956
0.2257
00111001
0.9956
0.2259
00111010
1.0326
0.2276
00111011
1.0326
0.2278
00111100
0.8635
0.5446
00111101
0.8636
0.5445
00111110
0.8910
0.5694
00111111
0.8911
0.5692
01000000
\u22120.1524
0.3087
01000001
\u22120.1525
0.3087
01000010
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000011
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000100
\u22120.1682
0.3004
01000101
\u22120.1682
0.3005
01000110
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01000111
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01001000
\u22120.1964
0.6584
01001001
\u22120.1965
0.6583
01001010
\u22120.1967
0.6652
01001011
\u22120.1968
0.6652
01001100
\u22120.3371
0.5987
01001101
\u22120.3370
0.5987
01001110
\u22120.3414
0.6039
01001111
\u22120.3413
0.6039
01010000
\u22120.3087
0.1524
01010001
\u22120.3087
0.1525
01010010
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010011
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010100
\u22120.3004
0.1682
01010101
\u22120.3005
0.1682
01010110
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01010111
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01011000
\u22120.6584
0.1964
01011001
\u22120.6583
0.1965
01011010
\u22120.6652
0.1967
01011011
\u22120.6652
0.1968
01011100
\u22120.5987
0.3371
01011101
\u22120.5987
0.3370
01011110
\u22120.6039
0.3414
01011111
\u22120.6039
0.3413
01100000
\u22120.3183
1.5992
01100001
\u22120.3186
1.5991
01100010
\u22120.2756
1.3848
01100011
\u22120.2759
1.3847
01100100
\u22120.9060
1.3557
01100101
\u22120.9058
1.3559
01100110
\u22120.7846
1.1739
01100111
\u22120.7843
1.1741
01101000
\u22120.2257
0.9956
01101001
\u22120.2259
0.9956
01101010
\u22120.2276
1.0326
01101011
\u22120.2278
1.0326
01101100
\u22120.5446
0.8635
01101101
\u22120.5445
0.8636
01101110
\u22120.5694
0.8910
01101111
\u22120.5692
0.8911
01110000
\u22121.5992
0.3183
01110001
\u22121.5991
0.3186
01110010
\u22121.3848
0.2756
01110011
\u22121.3847
0.2759
01110100
\u22121.3557
0.9060
01110101
\u22121.3559
0.9058
01110110
\u22121.1739
0.7846
01110111
\u22121.1741
0.7843
01111000
\u22120.9956
0.2257
01111001
\u22120.9956
0.2259
01111010
\u22121.0326
0.2276
01111011
\u22121.0326
0.2278
01111100
\u22120.8635
0.5446
01111101
\u22120.8636
0.5445
01111110
\u22120.8910
0.5694
01111111
\u22120.8911
0.5692
10000000
0.1524
\u22120.3087
10000001
0.1525
\u22120.3087
10000010
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000011
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000100
0.1682
\u22120.3004
10000101
0.1682
\u22120.3005
10000110
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10000111
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10001000
0.1964
\u22120.6584
10001001
0.1965
\u22120.6583
10001010
0.1967
\u22120.6652
10001011
0.1968
\u22120.6652
10001100
0.3371
\u22120.5987
10001101
0.3370
\u22120.5987
10001110
0.3414
\u22120.6039
10001111
0.3413
\u22120.6039
10010000
0.3087
\u22120.1524
10010001
0.3087
\u22120.1525
10010010
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010011
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010100
0.3004
\u22120.1682
10010101
0.3005
\u22120.1682
10010110
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10010111
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10011000
0.6584
\u22120.1964
10011001
0.6583
\u22120.1965
10011010
0.6652
\u22120.1967
10011011
0.6652
\u22120.1968
10011100
0.5987
\u22120.3371
10011101
0.5987
\u22120.3370
10011110
0.6039
\u22120.3414
10011111
0.6039
\u22120.3413
10100000
0.3183
\u22121.5992
10100001
0.3186
\u22121.5991
10100010
0.2756
\u22121.3848
10100011
0.2759
\u22121.3847
10100100
0.9060
\u22121.3557
10100101
0.9058
\u22121.3559
10100110
0.7846
\u22121.1739
10100111
0.7843
\u22121.1741
10101000
0.2257
\u22120.9956
10101001
0.2259
\u22120.9956
10101010
0.2276
\u22121.0326
10101011
0.2278
\u22121.0326
10101100
0.5446
\u22120.8635
10101101
0.5445
\u22120.8636
10101110
0.5694
\u22120.8910
10101111
0.5692
\u22120.8911
10110000
1.5992
\u22120.3183
10110001
1.5991
\u22120.3186
10110010
1.3848
\u22120.2756
10110011
1.3847
\u22120.2759
10110100
1.3557
\u22120.9060
10110101
1.3559
\u22120.9058
10110110
1.1739
\u22120.7846
10110111
1.1741
\u22120.7843
10111000
0.9956
\u22120.2257
10111001
0.9956
\u22120.2259
10111010
1.0326
\u22120.2276
10111011
1.0326
\u22120.2278
10111100
0.8635
\u22120.5446
10111101
0.8636
\u22120.5445
10111110
0.8910
\u22120.5694
10111111
0.8911
\u22120.5692
11000000
\u22120.1524
\u22120.3087
11000001
\u22120.1525
\u22120.3087
11000010
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000011
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000100
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3004
11000101
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3005
11000110
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11000111
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11001000
\u22120.1964
\u22120.6584
11001001
\u22120.1965
\u22120.6583
11001010
\u22120.1967
\u22120.6652
11001011
\u22120.1968
\u22120.6652
11001100
\u22120.3371
\u22120.5987
11001101
\u22120.3370
\u22120.5987
11001110
\u22120.3414
\u22120.6039
11001111
\u22120.3413
\u22120.6039
11010000
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1524
11010001
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1525
11010010
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010011
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010100
\u22120.3004
\u22120.1682
11010101
\u22120.3005
\u22120.1682
11010110
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11010111
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11011000
\u22120.6584
\u22120.1964
11011001
\u22120.6583
\u22120.1965
11011010
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1967
11011011
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1968
11011100
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3371
11011101
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3370
11011110
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3414
11011111
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3413
11100000
\u22120.3183
\u22121.5992
11100001
\u22120.3186
\u22121.5991
11100010
\u22120.2756
\u22121.3848
11100011
\u22120.2759
\u22121.3847
11100100
\u22120.9060
\u22121.3557
11100101
\u22120.9058
\u22121.3559
11100110
\u22120.7846
\u22121.1739
11100111
\u22120.7843
\u22121.1741
11101000
\u22120.2257
\u22120.9956
11101001
\u22120.2259
\u22120.9956
11101010
\u22120.2276
\u22121.0326
11101011
\u22120.2278
\u22121.0326
11101100
\u22120.5446
\u22120.8635
11101101
\u22120.5445
\u22120.8636
11101110
\u22120.5694
\u22120.8910
11101111
\u22120.5692
\u22120.8911
11110000
\u22121.5992
\u22120.3183
11110001
\u22121.5991
\u22120.3186
11110010
\u22121.3848
\u22120.2756
11110011
\u22121.3847
\u22120.2759
11110100
\u22121.3557
\u22120.9060
11110101
\u22121.3559
\u22120.9058
11110110
\u22121.1739
\u22120.7846
11110111
\u22121.1741
\u22120.7843
11111000
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2257
11111001
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2259
11111010
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2276
11111011
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2278
11111100
\u22120.8635
\u22120.5446
11111101
\u22120.8636
\u22120.5445
11111110
\u22120.8910
\u22120.5694
11111111
\u22120.8911
\u22120.5692
wherein the constellation points are listed in a column labeled b0,i, b1,i, . . . , b7,i, wherein the values of real components are listed in a column labeled Re(ei), and wherein the values of imaginary components are listed in a column labeled Im(ei).
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to In-phase axis of complex plane, and
wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to Quadrature axis of complex plane.
15. The apparatus of claim 13,
when each of the constellation points are rotated by multiple of 90 degrees in complex plane, the rotated constellation points overlap with the original constellations.
16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a set of the constellation points has arbitrary shape, when the bit interleaved data are mapped by using the NUC scheme.
17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the constellation points are arranged according to FIG. 63
when the bit interleaved data are mapped by using the NUC scheme, the number of the constellation points are 256, and the code rate is 515.
18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the constellation points of the NUC scheme used by an associated PLP is signaled by a PLP modulation parameter in the at least one built signal frame.
19. An apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, the apparatus including:
a receiving module to receive the broadcast signals having at least one signal frame and to demodulate data in the at least one signal frame by OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) method;
a parsing module to parse the at least one signal frame by demapping data of at least one Physical Layer Pipe (PLP);
a time deinterleaving block to time deinterleave data of the at least one PLP;
a demapping block to demap the time deinterleaved data by using Non-Uniform Constellation (NUC) scheme, wherein a number of constellation points of the NUC scheme are 256, and a code rate is 515;
a bit deinterleaving block to bit deinterleave the demapped data;
an LDPC block to decode the bit deinterleaved data with LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes; and
an output processing module to process the decoded data of the at least one PLP to output output streams,
wherein values of real and imaginary components of the constellation points included in the NUC scheme are expressed as:
b0,ib1,i . . . b7,i
Re(ei)
Im(ei)
00000000
0.1524
0.3087
00000001
0.1525
0.3087
00000010
0.1513
0.3043
00000011
0.1513
0.3043
00000100
0.1682
0.3004
00000101
0.1682
0.3005
00000110
0.1663
0.2964
00000111
0.1663
0.2964
00001000
0.1964
0.6584
00001001
0.1965
0.6583
00001010
0.1967
0.6652
00001011
0.1968
0.6652
00001100
0.3371
0.5987
00001101
0.3370
0.5987
00001110
0.3414
0.6039
00001111
0.3413
0.6039
00010000
0.3087
0.1524
00010001
0.3087
0.1525
00010010
0.3043
0.1513
00010011
0.3043
0.1513
00010100
0.3004
0.1682
00010101
0.3005
0.1682
00010110
0.2964
0.1663
00010111
0.2964
0.1663
00011000
0.6584
0.1964
00011001
0.6583
0.1965
00011010
0.6652
0.1967
00011011
0.6652
0.1968
00011100
0.5987
0.3371
00011101
0.5987
0.3370
00011110
0.6039
0.3414
00011111
0.6039
0.3413
00100000
0.3183
1.5992
00100001
0.3186
1.5991
00100010
0.2756
1.3848
00100011
0.2759
1.3847
00100100
0.9060
1.3557
00100101
0.9058
1.3559
00100110
0.7846
1.1739
00100111
0.7843
1.1741
00101000
0.2257
0.9956
00101001
0.2259
0.9956
00101010
0.2276
1.0326
00101011
0.2278
1.0326
00101100
0.5446
0.8635
00101101
0.5445
0.8636
00101110
0.5694
0.8910
00101111
0.5692
0.8911
00110000
1.5992
0.3183
00110001
1.5991
0.3186
00110010
1.3848
0.2756
00110011
1.3847
0.2759
00110100
1.3557
0.9060
00110101
1.3559
0.9058
00110110
1.1739
0.7846
00110111
1.1741
0.7843
00111000
0.9956
0.2257
00111001
0.9956
0.2259
00111010
1.0326
0.2276
00111011
1.0326
0.2278
00111100
0.8635
0.5446
00111101
0.8636
0.5445
00111110
0.8910
0.5694
00111111
0.8911
0.5692
01000000
\u22120.1524
0.3087
01000001
\u22120.1525
0.3087
01000010
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000011
\u22120.1513
0.3043
01000100
\u22120.1682
0.3004
01000101
\u22120.1682
0.3005
01000110
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01000111
\u22120.1663
0.2964
01001000
\u22120.1964
0.6584
01001001
\u22120.1965
0.6583
01001010
\u22120.1967
0.6652
01001011
\u22120.1968
0.6652
01001100
\u22120.3371
0.5987
01001101
\u22120.3370
0.5987
01001110
\u22120.3414
0.6039
01001111
\u22120.3413
0.6039
01010000
\u22120.3087
0.1524
01010001
\u22120.3087
0.1525
01010010
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010011
\u22120.3043
0.1513
01010100
\u22120.3004
0.1682
01010101
\u22120.3005
0.1682
01010110
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01010111
\u22120.2964
0.1663
01011000
\u22120.6584
0.1964
01011001
\u22120.6583
0.1965
01011010
\u22120.6652
0.1967
01011011
\u22120.6652
0.1968
01011100
\u22120.5987
0.3371
01011101
\u22120.5987
0.3370
01011110
\u22120.6039
0.3414
01011111
\u22120.6039
0.3413
01100000
\u22120.3183
1.5992
01100001
\u22120.3186
1.5991
01100010
\u22120.2756
1.3848
01100011
\u22120.2759
1.3847
01100100
\u22120.9060
1.3557
01100101
\u22120.9058
1.3559
01100110
\u22120.7846
1.1739
01100111
\u22120.7843
1.1741
01101000
\u22120.2257
0.9956
01101001
\u22120.2259
0.9956
01101010
\u22120.2276
1.0326
01101011
\u22120.2278
1.0326
01101100
\u22120.5446
0.8635
01101101
\u22120.5445
0.8636
01101110
\u22120.5694
0.8910
01101111
\u22120.5692
0.8911
01110000
\u22121.5992
0.3183
01110001
\u22121.5991
0.3186
01110010
\u22121.3848
0.2756
01110011
\u22121.3847
0.2759
01110100
\u22121.3557
0.9060
01110101
\u22121.3559
0.9058
01110110
\u22121.1739
0.7846
01110111
\u22121.1741
0.7843
01111000
\u22120.9956
0.2257
01111001
\u22120.9956
0.2259
01111010
\u22121.0326
0.2276
01111011
\u22121.0326
0.2278
01111100
\u22120.8635
0.5446
01111101
\u22120.8636
0.5445
01111110
\u22120.8910
0.5694
01111111
\u22120.8911
0.5692
10000000
0.1524
\u22120.3087
10000001
0.1525
\u22120.3087
10000010
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000011
0.1513
\u22120.3043
10000100
0.1682
\u22120.3004
10000101
0.1682
\u22120.3005
10000110
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10000111
0.1663
\u22120.2964
10001000
0.1964
\u22120.6584
10001001
0.1965
\u22120.6583
10001010
0.1967
\u22120.6652
10001011
0.1968
\u22120.6652
10001100
0.3371
\u22120.5987
10001101
0.3370
\u22120.5987
10001110
0.3414
\u22120.6039
10001111
0.3413
\u22120.6039
10010000
0.3087
\u22120.1524
10010001
0.3087
\u22120.1525
10010010
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010011
0.3043
\u22120.1513
10010100
0.3004
\u22120.1682
10010101
0.3005
\u22120.1682
10010110
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10010111
0.2964
\u22120.1663
10011000
0.6584
\u22120.1964
10011001
0.6583
\u22120.1965
10011010
0.6652
\u22120.1967
10011011
0.6652
\u22120.1968
10011100
0.5987
\u22120.3371
10011101
0.5987
\u22120.3370
10011110
0.6039
\u22120.3414
10011111
0.6039
\u22120.3413
10100000
0.3183
\u22121.5992
10100001
0.3186
\u22121.5991
10100010
0.2756
\u22121.3848
10100011
0.2759
\u22121.3847
10100100
0.9060
\u22121.3557
10100101
0.9058
\u22121.3559
10100110
0.7846
\u22121.1739
10100111
0.7843
\u22121.1741
10101000
0.2257
\u22120.9956
10101001
0.2259
\u22120.9956
10101010
0.2276
\u22121.0326
10101011
0.2278
\u22121.0326
10101100
0.5446
\u22120.8635
10101101
0.5445
\u22120.8636
10101110
0.5694
\u22120.8910
10101111
0.5692
\u22120.8911
10110000
1.5992
\u22120.3183
10110001
1.5991
\u22120.3186
10110010
1.3848
\u22120.2756
10110011
1.3847
\u22120.2759
10110100
1.3557
\u22120.9060
10110101
1.3559
\u22120.9058
10110110
1.1739
\u22120.7846
10110111
1.1741
\u22120.7843
10111000
0.9956
\u22120.2257
10111001
0.9956
\u22120.2259
10111010
1.0326
\u22120.2276
10111011
1.0326
\u22120.2278
10111100
0.8635
\u22120.5446
10111101
0.8636
\u22120.5445
10111110
0.8910
\u22120.5694
10111111
0.8911
\u22120.5692
11000000
\u22120.1524
\u22120.3087
11000001
\u22120.1525
\u22120.3087
11000010
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000011
\u22120.1513
\u22120.3043
11000100
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3004
11000101
\u22120.1682
\u22120.3005
11000110
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11000111
\u22120.1663
\u22120.2964
11001000
\u22120.1964
\u22120.6584
11001001
\u22120.1965
\u22120.6583
11001010
\u22120.1967
\u22120.6652
11001011
\u22120.1968
\u22120.6652
11001100
\u22120.3371
\u22120.5987
11001101
\u22120.3370
\u22120.5987
11001110
\u22120.3414
\u22120.6039
11001111
\u22120.3413
\u22120.6039
11010000
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1524
11010001
\u22120.3087
\u22120.1525
11010010
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010011
\u22120.3043
\u22120.1513
11010100
\u22120.3004
\u22120.1682
11010101
\u22120.3005
\u22120.1682
11010110
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11010111
\u22120.2964
\u22120.1663
11011000
\u22120.6584
\u22120.1964
11011001
\u22120.6583
\u22120.1965
11011010
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1967
11011011
\u22120.6652
\u22120.1968
11011100
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3371
11011101
\u22120.5987
\u22120.3370
11011110
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3414
11011111
\u22120.6039
\u22120.3413
11100000
\u22120.3183
\u22121.5992
11100001
\u22120.3186
\u22121.5991
11100010
\u22120.2756
\u22121.3848
11100011
\u22120.2759
\u22121.3847
11100100
\u22120.9060
\u22121.3557
11100101
\u22120.9058
\u22121.3559
11100110
\u22120.7846
\u22121.1739
11100111
\u22120.7843
\u22121.1741
11101000
\u22120.2257
\u22120.9956
11101001
\u22120.2259
\u22120.9956
11101010
\u22120.2276
\u22121.0326
11101011
\u22120.2278
\u22121.0326
11101100
\u22120.5446
\u22120.8635
11101101
\u22120.5445
\u22120.8636
11101110
\u22120.5694
\u22120.8910
11101111
\u22120.5692
\u22120.8911
11110000
\u22121.5992
\u22120.3183
11110001
\u22121.5991
\u22120.3186
11110010
\u22121.3848
\u22120.2756
11110011
\u22121.3847
\u22120.2759
11110100
\u22121.3557
\u22120.9060
11110101
\u22121.3559
\u22120.9058
11110110
\u22121.1739
\u22120.7846
11110111
\u22121.1741
\u22120.7843
11111000
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2257
11111001
\u22120.9956
\u22120.2259
11111010
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2276
11111011
\u22121.0326
\u22120.2278
11111100
\u22120.8635
\u22120.5446
11111101
\u22120.8636
\u22120.5445
11111110
\u22120.8910
\u22120.5694
11111111
\u22120.8911
\u22120.5692
wherein the constellation points are listed in a column labeled b0,i, b1,i, . . . , b7,i, wherein the values of real components are listed in a column labeled Re(ei), and wherein the values of imaginary components are listed in a column labeled Im(ei).
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to In-phase axis of complex plane, and
wherein the constellation points are arranged symmetrically to Quadrature axis of complex plane.
21. The apparatus of claim 19, when each of the constellation points are rotated by multiple of 90 degrees in complex plane, the rotated constellation points overlap with the original constellations.
22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein a set of the constellation points has arbitrary shape, when the MIMO decoded data are demapped by using the NUC scheme.
23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the constellation points are arranged according to FIG. 63
when the time deinterleaved data are demapped by using the NUC scheme, the number of constellation points are 256, and the code rate is 515.
24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the constellation points of the NUC scheme used by an associated PLP is signaled by a PLP modulation parameter in the at least one built signal frame.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Hard disk drive comprising hard disk drive contamination control, said disk device comprising:
an enclosure of said hard disk drive; and
a mesoporous material disposed within said enclosure, wherein said mesoporous material sorbs contaminants within said enclosure and wherein said mesoporous material has substantially uniform pore size across an outer surface of said mesoporous material.
2. The hard disk drive of claim 1, wherein said mesoporous material is a mesoporous silicate that is initially hydrophilic and is surface modified to be hydrophobic, such that said surface modified mesoporous material adsorbs contaminants within said enclosure.
3. The hard disk drive of claim 2, wherein said surface modified mesoporous material is partially surface modified, wherein said partially surface modified surface is hydrophobic and said surface that is not surface modified remains hydrophilic.
4. The hard disk drive of claim 1, wherein said mesoporous material is selected from a list consisting essentially of: MCM-41 or MCM-48.
5. The hard disk drive of claim 1, wherein said mesoporous material is surface modified by Me3SiCl.
6. The hard disk drive of claim 1, wherein said hard disk drive further comprises:
a surface modified mesoporous material that is hydrophobic combined with said mesoporous material that is hydrophilic, such that said unmodified mesoporous material absorbs and said surface modified mesoporous material adsorbs contaminants in said enclosure.
7. The hard disk drive of claim 1, wherein said mesoporous material has a specific surface area of at least 1000 m2g.
8. A method of manufacturing a hard disk drive with contamination control, said method comprising:
encasing said hard disk drive and a mesoporous material in an enclosure of said hard disk drive, wherein said mesoporous material sorbs contaminants within said enclosure and wherein said mesoporous material has substantially uniform pore size across an outer surface of said mesoporous material.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said method further comprises:
surface modifying said mesoporous material that is hydrophilic in nature to hydrophobic in nature, such that said surface modified mesoporous material adsorbs contaminants within said enclosure.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said surface modifying said mesoporous material comprises:
modifying said mesoporous material with Me3SiCl.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein said surface modifying a mesoporous material comprises:
modifying a portion of an surface of said mesoporous material, wherein said modified portion adsorbs contaminants in said enclosure and an unmodified portion of a surface of said mesoporous material absorbs contaminants within said enclosure.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein said mesoporous material is selected from a list consisting essentially of: MCM 4148.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein said method comprises:
combining an unmodified mesoporous material that is substantially hydrophilic in nature with said modified mesoporous material and disposing said combination in said enclosure, such that said unmodified mesoporous material absorbs contaminants in said enclosure.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein said mesoporous material has a substantially uniform pore size across.
15. The method of claim 8, wherein said mesoporous material has a specific surface area of at least 1000 m2g.
16. A method of enabling low fly height in a hard disk drive, said method comprising:
surface modifying MCM 4148 that is initially hydrophilic in nature to hydrophobic in nature, wherein said surface is modified by Me3SiCl; and
encasing said hard disk drive and said surface modified MCM 4148 in an enclosure, wherein said surface modified MCM 4148 adsorbs siloxanes within said enclosure to prevent hard disk drive failure.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said fly height is less than 10 nanometers.