1. A polishing pad, comprising a non-woven fabric consisting of ultrafine fibers and elastomeric polymer impregnated into the fabric, on which the ultrafine fibers are raised and arranged to simultaneously satisfy the following conditions (I) to (III) such that the ultrafine fibers are oriented in a longitudinal direction to a central axis:
(f1+f2)\u2267(f1+f2+f3+f4)2\u2003\u2003(I)
f2>f3>f4\u2003\u2003(II)
f2>f1\u2003\u2003(III)
wherein, f1 is total number of ultrafine fibers arranged at an orientation angle \u03b82 of 0 to less than 5\xb0 on a surface of the polishing pad, which has a certain unit area; f2 is total number of ultrafine fibers arranged at an orientation angle \u03b82 of 5 to less than 30\xb0 on a surface of the polishing pad, which has a certain unit area; f3 is total number of ultrafine fibers arranged at an orientation angle \u03b82 of 30 to less than 45\xb0 on a surface of the polishing pad, which has a certain unit area; and f4 is total number of ultrafine fibers arranged at an orientation angle \u03b82 of 45 to 90\xb0 on a surface of the polishing pad, which has a certain unit area.
2. The polishing pad according to claim 1, wherein at least 50% of the ultrafine fibers are arranged at an orientation angle \u03b82 of 0 to 30\xb0 in a longitudinal direction of the non-woven fabric.
3. The polishing pad according to claim 1, wherein at least 70% of the ultrafine fibers raised on the surface of the polishing pad have a fiber raising angle \u03b81 of 5 to 30\xb0.
4. The polishing pad according to claim 1, wherein the ultrafine fibers have a monofilament fineness in a range of 0.001 to 0.3 denier.
5. The polishing pad according to claim 1, wherein the elastomeric polymer is any one selected from polyurethane resin and polyurea resin.
6. The polishing pad according to claim 1, wherein the ultrafine fibers consist of polyamide resin.
7. A method for manufacturing a polishing pad, comprising:
preparing a non-woven fabric consisting of sea-island type composite fibers, each of which includes a sea component S containing easily soluble alkaline polyester copolymer as well as 10 to 1,000 island components I having a monofilament fineness of 0.001 to 0.3 denier and being dispersed in the sea component S;
impregnating the non-woven fabric with elastomeric polymer;
treating the fabric by an alkaline solution to extract the sea component S; and
buffing the fabric to raise ultrafine fibers on a surface of the fabric.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the prepared non-woven fabric is firstly treated by the alkaline solution to extract the sea component S and, then, impregnated with the elastomeric polymer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A monitoring system comprising a plurality of apparatuses connected to a network, wherein each apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses exclusively, monitors for an occurrence of trouble in a single monitoring object apparatus, which is one of the other apparatuses of the plurality of apparatuses, and is exclusively monitored by a single monitor apparatus, which is another one of the other apparatuses in the plurality of apparatuses, and wherein each of said plurality of apparatuses comprises: a storage apparatus including a management information storing portion in which a monitoring object identifier and a monitor identifier are registered: a monitoring unit that monitors for an occurrence of trouble in said monitoring object apparatus indicated by said monitoring object identifier; a responding unit that responds to the monitor apparatus indicated by said monitor identifier; and a separation processing unit comprising a searching unit that searches, when the monitoring unit detects an occurrence of trouble in the monitor object apparatus, for a search target apparatus, which is the apparatus monitored by the monitor object apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses in said system, said searching unit includes means for searching for said search target apparatus by requesting other apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier of the monitor object apparatus of each apparatus of the plurality of apparatuses in the system, and a management information changing unit that makes the search target apparatus as a new monitor object apparatus by changing said monitoring object identifier registered in said storage apparatus to an identifier of said search target apparatus, and changing said monitor identifier registered in storage apparatus of said search target apparatus to an identifier of said apparatus.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the searching unit of each of said plurality of apparatuses connected in the network includes means for requesting a monitor identifier, requests for a monitor identifier being performed sequentially beginning with said monitor apparatus of said apparatus and then is sequentially made to monitor apparatuses of succeeding apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses until an apparatus sends back a monitor identifier which indicates said the monitoring object apparatus of said apparatus ha response to a request.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein said searching unit of each of said plurality of apparatuses connected to the network includes means for searching for said search target apparatus by requesting by broadcast other apparatuses of said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier of a monitor apparatus of each apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein 1) each apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses further comprises a log information storing portion of said storage apparatus in which log information of said monitoring object apparatus is registered, and a log collecting unit that collects log information of said apparatus, and 2) said responding unit sends back said log information of said apparatus collected by said log collecting unit to said monitor apparatus in response to a log acquirement request from said monitor apparatus, and 3) said monitoring unit sends said log acquirement requests to said monitoring object apparatus and registers said log information sent back in said log information storing portion, and if said log information is not sent back, determines that trouble has occurred in said monitoring object apparatus, and 4) said separation processing unit of said apparatus further comprises a log information updating unit that updates said log information registered in said log information storing portion with said log information received from said monitoring object apparatus.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein each apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses further comprises an addition processing unit comprising:
a selection unit that selects a first apparatus and a second apparatus from said plurality of apparatuses in said system; and
a management information managing Unit that registers an identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses as a monitor identifier of said first apparatus and as a monitoring object identifier of said second apparatus, and that registers an identifier of said first apparatus as said monitoring object identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses, and registers an identifier of said second apparatus as said monitor identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses.
6. An apparatus for use in a system comprising a plurality of said apparatuses connected to a network, wherein each apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses exclusively monitors for an occurrence of trouble in a single monitoring object apparatus, which is one of the other apparatuses of the plurality of apparatuses, and is exclusively monitored by a single monitor apparatus, which is another one of the other apparatuses in the plurality of apparatuses, said comprising: a storage apparatus including management information storing portion in which a monitoring object identifier and a monitor identifier are registered; a monitoring unit that monitors said monitoring object apparatus indicated by said monitoring object identifier; and a responding unit that responds to said monitor apparatus indicated by said monitor identifier; and a separation processing unit comprising:
a searching unit that searches, when the monitoring unit detects an occurrence of trouble in the monitor object apparatus, for a search target apparatus, which is the apparatus monitored by the monitor object apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses in said system, wherein said searching unit includes
means for searching for said target apparatus by requesting other apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier of the monitor object apparatus of each apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses, and
means for determining said search target apparatus to be responding apparatus which sends back an identifier which indicates the monitoring object apparatus of said apparatus; and
a management information changing unit that makes the search target apparatus as a new monitor object apparatus by changing said monitoring object identifier registered in said apparatus to an identifier of said search target apparatus, and changing said monitor identifier registered in storage apparatus of said search target apparatus to an identifier of said apparatus.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the searching unit of each of said plurality of apparatuses connected in the network includes means for requesting a monitor identifier, requests for a monitor identifier being performed sequentially and begins beginning with said monitor apparatus of said apparatus and then is sequentially made to raid monitor apparatus apparatuses of succeeding apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses until all apparatus sends back raid a monitor identifier which indicates the monitoring object apparatus of said apparatus in response to a request.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said searching unit of each of said plurality of apparatuses connected to the network includes means for searching searches for said search target apparatus by requesting by broadcast other apparatuses of said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier of a monitor apparatus of each apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising: 1) a log information storing portion of said storage apparatus in which log information of said monitoring object apparatus is registered; and a log collecting unit that collects log information of said apparatus, and wherein 2) said responding unit sends back said log information of said apparatus collected by said log collecting unit to said monitor apparatus in response to a log acquirement request from said monitor apparatus, and 3) said monitoring unit sends said log acquirement requests to said monitoring object apparatus and registers said log information sent back in said log information storing portion, and if said log information is not sent back, determines that trouble has occurred in said monitoring object apparatus; and 4) said separation processing unit of said apparatus further comprises a log information updating unit which updates said log information registered in said log information storing portion with said log information received from said monitoring object apparatus.
10. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
an addition processing unit including:
a selection unit that selects a first apparatus and a second apparatus from said plurality of apparatuses in said system; and
a management information managing unit that registers an identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses as a monitor identifier of said first apparatus and as a monitoring object identifier of said second apparatus, and that registers an identifier of said first apparatus as said monitoring object identifier, and registers an identifier of said second apparatus as said monitor identifier.
11. A method performed by an apparatus in a system comprising a plurality of apparatuses connected a network, wherein each apparatus in said plurality of said apparatuses exclusively monitor for an occurrence of trouble in a single monitoring object apparatus, which is one of the other apparatuses of the plurality of apparatuses, and is exclusively monitored by a single monitor apparatus, and with a management information storing portion of a storage apparatus in which a single monitoring object identifier and a single monitor identifier are registered, the method comprising the steps of:
monitoring a monitoring object apparatus indicated by said single monitoring object identifier; and responding to monitoring by a monitor apparatus indicated by said single monitor identifier; and
a separation processing comprising the steps of
when an occurrence of trouble in the monitor object apparatus is detected, searching for a search target apparatus, which is the apparatus monitored by the monitor object apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses in said system, wherein said searching step comprises the steps of
searching for said search target apparatus by requesting other apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier of the monitor object apparatus in each apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses, and
determining said search target apparatus to be an apparatus which sends back an identifier which sends back an identifier which indicates the monitoring object apparatus of said apparatus:
changing said single monitoring object identifier registered in said storage apparatus to an identifier of said search target apparatus; and
changing said monitor identifier registered in storage apparatus of said search target apparatus to an identifier of said apparatus.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of requesting is performed sequentially and begins with said monitor apparatus of said apparatus and then is sequentially made to monitor apparatus of succeeding apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses until an apparatus sends back an identifier which indicates said the monitoring object apparatus of said apparatus in response to a request.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein said searching step searches for said search target apparatus by requesting by broadcast to other apparatuses of said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier corresponding to the single monitor identifier registered in storage apparatus of each apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses.
14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the steps of:
selecting a first apparatus and a second apparatus from said plurality of apparatuses in said system;
registering in a management server if the system an identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses as a monitor identifier of said first apparatus and as a monitoring object identifier of said second apparatus;
registering in said storage apparatus an identifier of said first apparatus as said single monitoring object identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses, and
registering in said storage apparatus an identifier of said second apparatus as said single monitor identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses.
15. A computer readable storage medium tangibly embodying a program code of machine readable instructions executable by an apparatus, in a system comprising a plurality of said apparatuses connected to a network, wherein each apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses exclusively monitors for an occurrence of trouble in a single monitoring object apparatus, which is one of the other apparatuses of the plurality of apparatuses, and is exclusively monitored by a single monitor apparatus, and having a storage apparatus with management information storing portion in which a single monitoring object identifier and a single monitor identifier are registered, the program when executed performing the steps of:
monitoring a monitoring object apparatus indicated by said single monitoring object identifier; and responding to a monitor apparatus indicated by said single monitor identifier;
responding to a monitor apparatus indicated by said single monitor identifier, and when an occurrence of trouble in the monitor object apparatus is detected, searching for a search target apparatus, which is the apparatus monitored by the monitor object apparatus in said plurality of apparatuses in said system, wherein said searching step includes
searching for said search target apparatus by requesting other apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier of the monitor object apparatus in each apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses, and
determining said search target apparatus to be an apparatus which sends back an identifier which indicates the monitoring object apparatus of said apparatus
changing said single monitoring object identifier registered in said storage apparatus to an identifier of said target apparatus; and
changing said monitor identifier registered in storage apparatus of said search target apparatus to an identifier of said apparatus.
16. A computer readable storage medium according to claim 15 wherein the step of requesting is performed sequentially and begins with said monitor apparatus of said apparatus and then is sequentially made to monitor apparatus of succeeding apparatuses in said plurality of apparatuses until an apparatus sends back said monitor an identifier which indicates said the monitoring object apparatus of said apparatus in response to a request.
17. A computer readable storage medium according to claim 15 wherein said searching step searches for said search target apparatus by requesting by broadcast to other apparatuses of said plurality of apparatuses in said system to send back an identifier corresponding to the single monitor identifier registered in storage apparatus of each apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses.
18. A computer readable storage medium according to claim 15 wherein said program further performs the steps of:
selecting a first apparatus and a second apparatus from said plurality of apparatuses in said system;
registering in a management server if the system an identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses as a monitor identifier of said first apparatus and as a monitoring object identifier of said second apparatus;
registering in said storage apparatus an identifier of said first apparatus as said single monitoring object identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses, and
registering in said storage apparatus an identifier of said second apparatus as said single monitor identifier of said apparatus of said plurality of apparatuses.