1. A shaft arrangement, comprising:
a rotatable shaft;
a rolling bearing ring having an inner ring fastened on a circumference of the shaft, an outer ring spaced from and opposing the inner ring and rolling bodies arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring;
a stationary sensor carrier connected to the outer ring and having a recess;
a torsion sensor having at least one magnetic-field sensor and a permanent magnetic ring, the permanent magnetic ring being fixedly connected to the shaft, and the magnetic-field sensor being fixed in the recess of the stationary sensor carrier of the outer ring.
2. The shaft arrangement of claim 1, wherein the sensor carrier, which has an inside face, surrounds the shaft annularly and the recess is on the inside face.
3. The shaft arrangement of claim 2, wherein the sensor carrier forms an extension of the outer ring in an axial direction of the shaft.
4. The shaft arrangement of claim 3, wherein the outer ring carries the sensor carrier.
5. The shaft arrangement of claim 1, wherein the permanent-magnetic ring is fastened on a surface area of the shaft in a region of the sensor carrier.
6. The shaft arrangement of claim 5, wherein the permanent magnetic ring is connected non-positively to the shaft.
7. The shaft arrangement of claim 5, wherein the permanent magnetic ring is positively connected to the shaft.
8. The shaft arrangement of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnetic ring is connected to an axial extension of the inner ring of the bearing or is integrated in the inner ring.
9. The shaft arrangement of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnetic ring is formed as part of the shaft, in one piece with the shaft.
10. A method for producing a shaft arrangement of claim 1, wherein magnetization of the permanent magnetic ring is achieved by pulsed generation of an electrical current passing through the ring.
11. The shaft arrangement of claim 1, wherein the shaft has a recess in which the permanent magnetic ring is embedded.
12. The shaft arrangement of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnetic ring has a circumference which is interrupted at one point so as to allow the permanent magnetic ring to be snapped on the shaft resiliently.
13. A shaft arrangement, comprising:
a rotatable shaft;
a rolling bearing having an inner ring mounted on a circumference of the shaft, an outer ring spaced from and opposing the inner ring and rolling bodies arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring;
a stationary sensor carrier arranged axially spaced from the outer ring;
a cylindrical sleeve having a first segment extending axially above the outer ring, a second segment extending from the first segment radially between the outer ring and the stationary sensor carrier and a third segment extending axially from the second segment, in a direction opposite the first segment, beneath the stationary sensor carrier with the stationary sensor carrier firmly connected to the outer ring by the sleeve; and
a torsion sensor having at least one magnetic-field sensor and a permanent magnetic ring, the magnetic field sensor, which opposes the permanent magnetic ring, is carried by the stationary sensor carrier and the permanent magnetic ring is an axial extension of the inner ring.
14. A shaft arrangement, comprising:
a rotatable shaft;
a rolling bearing ring having an inner ring fastened on a circumference of the shaft, an outer ring spaced from and opposing the inner ring and rolling bodies arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring;
a stationary sensor carrier connected to the outer ring;
a torsion sensor having at least one magnetic-field sensor and a permanent magnetic ring, the permanent magnetic ring being fixedly connected to the shaft, and the magnetic-field sensor being fastened to the stationary sensor carrier of the outer ring,
wherein the sensor carrier, which has an inside face, surrounds the shaft annularly and carries the magnetic-field sensor or magnetic-field sensors on the inside face,
wherein the sensor carrier forms an extension of the outer ring in an axial direction of the shaft, and
wherein the sensor carrier is connected to the outer ring by means of a cylindrical sleeve.
15. The shaft arrangement of claim 14, wherein the cylindrical sleeve has a first segment extending axially above the outer ring, a second segment extending from the first segment radially between the outer ring and the stationary sensor carrier and a third segment extending axially from the second segment, in a direction opposite the first segment, beneath the stationary sensor carrier with the stationary sensor carrier firmly connected to the outer ring by the sleeve.
16. A method for producing a shaft arrangement of claim 14, wherein magnetization of the permanent magnetic ring is achieved by pulsed generation of an electrical current passing through the ring.
17. The shaft arrangement of claim 14, wherein the outer ring carries the sensor carrier.
18. The shaft arrangement of claim 14, wherein the permanent-magnetic ring is fastened on a surface area of the shaft in a region of the sensor carrier.
19. The shaft arrangement of claim 14, wherein the permanent magnetic ring is connected to an axial extension of the inner ring of the bearing or is integrated in the inner ring.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An O-substituted hydroxylamine free base composition having the following general formula:
R1\u2014CHX\u2014O\u2014NH2
wherein X is hydrogen or an alkyl; and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl or \u2014CR2\u2550CR3R4; wherein R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; and
wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine exhibits at least one property selected from the group consisting of:
essentially free of hydroxylamine;
essentially free of any solvent;
a water content of between about 0% to 90% by weight; and
a high strength (as measured by mole of said O-substituted hydroxylamine per gram of sample) of between about 0.5 to 3.3-fold as much as a 40% O-substituted hydroxylamine salt solution, by weight.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is at least one isomer selected from the group consisting of cis, trans and a mixture thereof.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine has at least one additional property selected from the group consisting of:
a purity of between about 98% to 100%, based on gas chromatographic area; and
a purity drop of less than about 1.2% after 78 days at 40\xb0 C. when said O-substituted hydroxylamine has a concentration of about 85% in water, based on gas chromatographic area.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)hydroxylamine.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is formed by the following steps comprising:
a. optionally admixing an organic solvent with a solution of O-substituted hydroxylamine salt to form at least an aqueous phase and extracting impurities from said aqueous phase;
b. optionally stripping residual organic solvents from said aqueous phase to form an aqueous-enriched phase;
c. adjusting the pH of said aqueous-enriched phase to a pH of at least about 3.5, thereby forming an organic-enriched stream and an aqueous phase stream; and
d. separating said O-substituted hydroxylamine from said organic-enriched stream andor said aqueous phase stream.
6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein said organic solvent used in extraction step (a) is selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds, and alicyclic compounds.
7. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the extraction step (a) is conducted at a pH of about 7 or less.
8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein said pH is less than about 4.
9. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the extracting step (a) is conducted at a temperature between about \u221210 to 97\xb0 C.
10. The composition according to claim 5, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine salt is O-substituted hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine hydrochloride is O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
12. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the extracting step (a) is conducted at a pressure between about 0 to 15 atmospheric pressure (atm).
13. The composition according to claim 5, wherein said separating step (d) comprises at least one step selected from the group consisting of:
(i) separating said organic-enriched stream from said aqueous phase stream, wherein said organic-enriched stream comprises said O-substituted hydroxylamine;
(ii) distilling said aqueous stream, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is taken overhead;
(iii) optionally, distilling said organic-enriched stream and said aqueous phase stream from the pH adjustment step (c), wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is taken overhead; and
(iv) optionally, fractionally distilling said organic-enriched stream, wherein a substantially solvent-free O-substituted hydroxylamine is taken overhead.
14. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said phase separation step (i) is conducted at a pH of between about 3.5 to 14.
15. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the pH during said phase separation step (i) is between about 4.5 to 13.
16. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the phase separation step (i) is conducted at a temperature of between about \u221210\xb0 C. to 97\xb0 C.
17. The composition according to claim 13, wherein the phase separation step (i) is conducted at a pressure between about 0 to 15 atm.
18. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said distilling step (ii) is conducted via distillation.
19. The composition according to claim 18, wherein said distillation comprises at least a column, a condenser, a reflux ratio controller, and a receiver.
20. The composition according to claim 19, wherein said column comprises about 0 to 35 theoretical plates.
21. The composition according to claim 20, wherein column comprises about 5 to 15 theoretical plates.
22. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said distilling step (ii) is conducted at a pressure between about 5 to 800 torr.
23. The composition according to claim 13, further comprising the addition of water during said distilling step (ii).
24. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said distilling step (iii) is conducted at a pressure between about 5 to 800 torr.
25. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said distilling step (iv) is conducted at a pressure between about 0 to 100 torr.
26. The composition according to claim 5, wherein said aqueous-enriched phase is adjusted to a pH between about 3.5 to 14.
27. The composition according to claim 26, wherein said pH of said aqueous-enriched phase is adjusted to between about 4.5 to 13.
28. The composition according to claim 27, wherein said pH of said aqueous-enriched phase is adjusted to between about 6.5 to 13.
29. The composition according to claim 5, wherein said pH adjusting step (c) is conducted at a temperature between about \u221210\xb0 C. to 97\xb0 C.
30. An O-substituted hydroxylamine free base composition having the following general formula:
R1\u2014CHX\u2014O\u2014NH2
wherein X is hydrogen or an alkyl; and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl or \u2014CR2\u2550CR3R4; wherein R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; and
wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is essentially free of hydroxylamine.
31. An O-substituted hydroxylamine free base composition having the following general formula:
R1\u2014CHX\u2014O\u2014NH2
wherein X is hydrogen or an alkyl; and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl or \u2014CR2\u2550CR3R4; wherein R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; and
wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is essentially free of any solvent.
32. An O-substituted hydroxylamine free base composition having the following general formula:
R1\u2014CHX\u2014O\u2014NH2
wherein X is hydrogen or an alkyl; and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl or \u2014CR2\u2550CR3R4; wherein R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; and
wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine has a water content of between about 0% to 90% by weight.
33. An O-substituted hydroxylamine free base composition having the following general formula:
R1\u2014CHX\u2014O\u2014NH2
wherein X is hydrogen or an alkyl; and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl or \u2014CR2\u2550CR3R4; wherein R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; and
wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine has a high strength (as measured by mole of said O-substituted hydroxylamine per gram of sample) of between about 0.5 to 3.3-fold as much as a 40% O-substituted hydroxylamine salt solution, by weight.
34. The composition according to claim 3, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine is O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)hydroxylamine.
35. The composition according to claim 5, wherein said aqueous-enriched phase in step (c) is an O-substituted hydroxylamine salt.
36. The composition according to claim 35, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine salt is O-substituted hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
37. The composition according to claim 36, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine hydrochloride is O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
38. An O-substituted hydroxylamine salt composition having the following general formula:
R1\u2014CHX\u2014O\u2014NH2.HL
wherein L is a halogen or hydrogensulfate; X is hydrogen or alkyl; R1 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl or \u2014CR2\u2550CR3R4; wherein R2, R3, and R4 are each hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; and
wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine salt is essentially free of hydroxylamine.
39. The O-substituted hydroxylamine salt composition according to claim 38, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine salt is at least one isomer selected from the group consisting of cis, trans and a mixture thereof.
40. The O-substituted hydroxylamine salt composition according to claim 38, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine salt is O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
41. The O-substituted hydroxylamine salt composition according to claim 38, wherein said O-substituted hydroxylamine salt is formed by the following steps comprising:
a. optionally admixing an organic solvent with an hydroxylamine-containing O-substituted hydroxylamine salt to form at least an aqueous phase and extracting impurities from said aqueous phase;
b. optionally stripping residual organic solvents from said aqueous phase to form an aqueous-enriched phase;
c. adjusting the pH of said aqueous-enriched phase to a pH of at least about 3.5, thereby forming an organic-enriched stream and an aqueous phase stream;
d. separating said O-substituted hydroxylamine from said organic-enriched stream andor said aqueous phase stream; and
e. reacidifying said O-substituted hydroxylamine, thereby forming said O-substituted hydroxylamine salt which is essentially free of hydroxylamine.
42. The O-substituted hydroxylamine salt composition according to claim 41, wherein step (e) is conducted at a temperature of about 75\xb0 C. or less.
43. The O-substituted hydroxylamine salt composition according to claim 42, wherein step (e) is conducted at a temperature of about 65\xb0 C. or less.