1. An air conditioning device comprising:
a PTC heater in which, in a stable region, when a temperature of the PTC heater is increased, a resistance of the PTC heater is decreased or is substantially constant whereas, in a rise region, the resistance is rapidly increased when the temperature exceeds a rise temperature;
a heater control portion that controls a duty ratio of the PTC heater;
a temperature detection portion that detects a temperature within a room; and
an air blower that generates an air current which exchanges heat with the PTC heater,
wherein a heating operation is performed by discharging air heated by the PTC heater into the room,
when the temperature within the room is within a low temperature range including a region whose temperature is lower than a set temperature, the duty ratio is set at 100%, and the PTC heater is driven in the rise region,
when the temperature within the room is within a high temperature range whose temperatures are higher than the set temperature, the PTC heater is stopped, and
when the temperature within the room is within an intermediate temperature range between the low temperature range and the high temperature range, the duty ratio is set at a predetermined duty ratio, and the PTC heater is driven in the stable region.
2. The air conditioning device of claim 1,
wherein the intermediate temperature range is further divided into a plurality of auxiliary temperature ranges, and, when the temperature within the room is within a high temperature-side auxiliary temperature range, the duty ratio of the PTC heater is set lower than a duty ratio at the time of a low temperature-side auxiliary temperature range.
3. The air conditioning device of claim 2,
wherein, when the temperature within the room is within the high temperature-side auxiliary temperature range, a number of revolutions of the air blower is changed such that the number of revolutions of the air blower is lower than a number of revolutions of the air blower at the time of the low temperature-side auxiliary temperature range.
4. The air conditioning device of claim 1,
wherein, when the temperature within the room is within the high temperature range, a number of revolutions of the air blower is changed such that the number of revolutions of the air blower is lower than a number of revolutions of the air blower at the time of the low temperature range.
5. The air conditioning device of claim 1, further comprising:
a current detection portion that detects a current which flows through the PTC heater,
wherein processing in which, in an early stage after the temperature within the room enters the low temperature range, the duty ratio is set higher than a duty ratio at the time of the intermediate temperature range, and in which, when the current detected by the current detection portion is lower than a predetermined value, the duty ratio is increased by a predetermined amount is repeated until the duty ratio reaches 100%.
6. The air conditioning device of claim 5,
wherein, in the early stage after the temperature within the room enters the low temperature range, the air blower is driven at a first number of revolutions,
until the duty ratio of the PTC heater reaches 100%, the number of revolutions of the air blower is gradually decreased from the first number of revolution, and
when the duty ratio of the PTC heater reaches 100%, the air blower is driven at a second number of revolutions that is larger than the first number of revolution.
7. The air conditioning device of claim 5,
wherein, when the current detected by the current detection portion is higher than a predetermined value, the duty ratio of the PTC heater is decreased by a predetermined amount.
8. The air conditioning device of claim 1, further comprising:
a compressor that operates a refrigeration cycle; and
a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the air current generated by the air blower in a high temperature part of the refrigeration cycle,
wherein the air conditioning device can switch between a heating operation performed by driving of the compressor and a heating operation performed by driving of the PTC heater, and
when the heating operation by driving of the compressor is performed and the temperature within the room is lower than a predetermined temperature, the heating operation is switched to the heating operation by driving of the PTC heater.
9. The air conditioning device of claim 8,
wherein, when the heating operation is started, the heating operation by driving of the PTC heater is performed, and
when the temperature within the room becomes higher than a predetermined temperature, the heating operation is switched to the heating operation by driving of the compressor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An epoxy-terminated polymer of the formula (I)
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups;
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups, after removal of n OH groups;
R3 is a diglycidyl ether DGE after removal of the two glycidyl ether groups;
Y1 is H or methyl;
and n is 2 to 4.
2. The epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein R1 has the formula (IV)
where the broken lines represent the attachment sites of the two carboxyl groups; b and c are the structural elements which originate from butadiene, and a is the structural element which originates from acrylonitrile; R is a linear or branched alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by unsaturated groups; q is 40 to 100; x=0.05-0.3, m=0.5-0.8, p=0.1-0.2; with the proviso that x+m+p=1.
3. The epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein R2 is a divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic organic radical which optionally has oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms.
4. The epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyol P is a polyoxyalkylenediol.
5. The epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 has the formula (VI) or (VI\u2032)
where R\u2032, R\u2033 and R\u2032\u2033 are each independently H, methyl or ethyl, z is 0 or 1 and s is 0 or 0.1-12.
6. The epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diglycidyl ether DGE is bisphenol F diglycidyl ether.
7. The epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diglycidyl ether DGE is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diglycidyl ether
8. The epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the diglycidyl ether DGE is ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether or hexanediol diglycidyl ether.
9. A carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II)
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups;
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups, after removal of n OH groups; and
n is 2 to 4.
10. The carboxyl-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 9, wherein R1 has the formula (IV)
where the broken lines represent the attachment sites of the two carboxyl groups;
b and c are the structural elements which originate from butadiene, and a is the structural element which originates from acrylonitrile;
R is a linear or branched alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted by unsaturated groups;
q is 40 to 100;
x=0.05-0.3, m=0.5-0.8, p=0.1-0.2;
with the proviso that x+m+p=1.
11. An amine-terminated polymer of the formula (XI) or (XI\u2032) or (XI\u2033)
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups;
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups, after removal of n OH groups;
and n is 2 to 4.
12. A (meth)acrylate-terminated polymer of the formula (XII) or (XII\u2032)
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups;
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups n OH groups;
R7 is H or methyl;
R8 is a divalent radical, and
n is 2 to 4.
13. A process for preparing a carboxyl-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 9 by a reaction of a polyol P of the formula R2(OH)n with a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN of the formula HOOC\u2014R1\u2014COOH, wherein R2(OH)n and HOOC\u2014R1\u2014COOH are used for this reaction in an amount relative to one another which corresponds to a stoichiometric ratio of the COOH groups to OH groups COOHOH of \u22672.
14. A process for preparing an epoxy-terminated polymer as claimed in claim 1 by a reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II)
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups;
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups after removal of n OH groups,
n is 2 to 4,
with a diglycidyl ether of the formula (III),
wherein the polymer of the formula (II) and the diglycidyl ether of the formula (III) are used for this reaction in an amount relative to one another which corresponds to a stoichiometric ratio of the glycidyl ether groups to COOH groups
of \u22672.
15. A process for preparing an end group-terminated polymer of the formula (XV)
comprising the following two steps:
a) pre-extension, i.e. reaction of a polyol P of the formula R2(OH)n with a stoichiometric excess of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN of the formula HOOC\u2014R1\u2014COOH to give a carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II) as claimed in claim 9, in such a way that the polyol P and HOOC\u2014R1\u2014COOH are used in an amount relative to one another such that the ratio of COOH groups to OH groups COOHOH is \u22672;
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups, after removal of n OH groups; and
b) termination, i.e. reacting a carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II) with a diglycidyl ether or with a diamine or with a (meth)acrylate-functional alcohol or with a glycidyl ether-functional (meth)acrylate in such a way that the diglycidyl ether or the diamine or the (meth)acrylate-functional alcohol or the glycidyl ether-functional (meth)acrylate and the carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II) are used in an amount relative to one another which corresponds to one molecule of diglycidyl ether or diamine or (meth)acrylate-functional alcohol or glycidyl ether-functional (meth)acrylate per COOH group of a molecule of carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II);
where, in formula (XV), R10 is a divalent radical and Q1 is an end group which is selected from the group consisting of the formulae (XVI), (XVI\u2032), (XVI\u2033) and \u2014NH2
with the proviso that
Q is \u2014NH\u2014 in the case
in which Q1 is \u2014NH2 or the formula (XVI\u2033), and
Q is \u2014O\u2014 or the formula (XVII) in the case
in which Q1 is the formula (XVI\u2032), and
Q is the formula (XVII) in the case
in which Q1 is the formula (XVI).
16. A method of increasing the impact resistance of a polymer matrix, comprising:
providing a carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II);
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups,
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups, after removal of n OH groups, and
n is 2 to 4; and
preparing an end group-terminated polymer of the formula (XV) by the process as claimed in claim 15.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the polymer matrix is an epoxy resin matrix.
18. A composition comprising an amine-terminated polymer of the formula (XI) or (XI\u2032) or (XI\u2033) as claimed in claim 11 or a (meth)acrylate-terminated polymer of the formula (XII) or (XII\u2032).
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups,
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups n OH groups,
R7 is H or methyl,
R8 is a divalent radical, and
n is 2 to 4.
19. A composition comprising an epoxy-terminated polymer of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1 or a carboxyl-terminated polymer of the formula (II),
where R1 is a divalent radical of a carboxyl-terminated butadieneacrylonitrile copolymer CTBN after removal of the terminal carboxyl groups,
R2 is a radical of a polyol P which has n OH groups, after removal of n OH groups, and
n is 2 to 4.
20. The composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein the composition further comprises at least one epoxy resin A.
21. The composition as claimed in claim 20, wherein the composition further comprises a hardener B for epoxy resins, which is activated by elevated temperature.
22. A cured composition obtained from a composition as claimed in claim 20, further comprising of a hardener for epoxy resins.
23. A cured composition obtained from heating a composition as claimed in claim 21 to a temperature above the heat activation of the thermally activable hardener B.