1. A buoyant rope including at least two strands, wherein
each strand comprises synthetic fibers;
the synthetic fibers comprise a component A) and a component B),
the component A) is at least one monofilament, wherein the at least one monofilament is not hollow and has a diameter in the range from 0.5 mm to 7.0 mm, and
the component B) is at least one multifilament yarn, the filaments of which are hollow-fiber filaments.
2. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the component A) to the component B) is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20.
3. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the at least one monofilament consists of a fiber-forming polymer that is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polylactic acids, and polyphenylene sulfides.
4. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the hollow-fiber filaments of the multifilament yam consist of a fiber-forming polymer that is selected from the group consisting of polyamides.
5. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the at least one monofilament has an elongation at rupture in the range from 10% to 30%.
6. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the hollow-fiber filaments have a breaking tenacity in the range from 43 cNtex to 80 cNtex.
7. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the hollow-fiber filaments have an elongation at rupture in the range from 9% to 35%.
8. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the hollow-fiber filaments have a lumen cross-sectional area proportion in the range from 5 to 35% relative to the total cross-sectional area.
9. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one multifilament yam consists of hollow fibers, and
the at least one multifilament yarn contains 2 to 840 hollow fibers.
10. The buoyant rope according to claim 1, wherein the rope includes 6 strands,
each strand consists of
9 monofilaments made from polyamide 6 (PA 6) having a diameter in the range from 3 mm to 4.75 mm, and
multifilament yarns, each made from 150 to 300 hollow fibers made from polyamide 6 (PA 6),
each hollow fiber has a lumen cross-sectional area proportion in the range from 16% to 35% relative to the total cross-sectional area, and
the weight proportion of the multifilament yams is 65% relative to the rope weight.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method comprising:
reading the state of a phase change threshold switching memory cell using a capacitor coupled in parallel with the cell; and
charging said capacitor to a voltage intermediate between two cell states to be distinguished upon reading the cell.
2. The method of claim 1 including determining the charge on the capacitor after coupling said cell across said capacitor.
3. The method of claim 2 including coupling a node of said capacitor to a voltage comparator and comparing a voltage on the node to a reference voltage.
4. The method of claim 3 including making said comparison after a time period has elapsed since coupling said capacitor to said cell.
5. The method of claim 1 including distinguishing between set and reset phase change memory states.
6. The method of claim 1 including distinguishing between levels of a multilevel cell.
7. The method of claim 1 including using parasitic capacitance as said capacitor.
8. A threshold switching memory comprising:
a phase change memory cell;
a capacitor selectively connectable across said cell;
a comparator to compare a voltage across said capacitor to a reference voltage to determine the state of said cell; and
a charging circuit to charge said capacitor to a level intermediate between two cell states to be distinguished upon reading the cell.
9. The memory of claim 8, said comparator to compare a voltage on said capacitor to a reference voltage after coupling said cell across said capacitor.
10. The memory of claim 9, said comparator to allow a time period to elapse after connecting said capacitor across said cell before comparing said voltage across said capacitor to said reference voltage.
11. The memory of claim 8 including a comparator to compare a reference voltage intermediate between the states to be distinguished upon reading the cell to a voltage on said capacitor.
12. The memory of claim 8, said control to distinguish between levels of a multilevel cell.
13. The memory of claim 8, said control to distinguish between set and reset phase change memory states.
14. The memory of claim 8 wherein said capacitor is parasitic capacitance from the memory itself.
15. The memory of claim 8, said control to latch the value of the comparison between the voltage on the capacitor and the reference voltage.
16. A memory comprising:
a phase change memory cell;
a switch;
a controller to control said switch;
a capacitor selectively connectable by said switch across said memory cell; and
a charging circuit to charge said capacitor to a level intermediate between two cell states to be distinguished upon reading a cell.
17. The memory of claim 16 including a comparator to compare a voltage across said capacitor to a reference voltage.
18. The memory of claim 16 wherein said capacitor is parasitic capacitance from the memory itself.
19. The memory of claim 8 including a control to control the state of a first switch to couple said capacitor to said cell and a second switch to couple a voltage source to said capacitor.