1. A surgical navigation apparatus comprising:
a first aligning unit configured to align a position of a patient with reference image data by using patient position data and the reference image data corresponding to a diagnosis image of the patient generated by image-taking before surgery;
a second aligning unit configured to align the patient position data and comparative image data corresponding to an endoscope image received from an image-taking unit in real time;
an image processing unit configured to align the comparative image data and the reference image data in real time by using the patient position data; and
a display unit configured to output the reference image data and the comparative image data aligned with the patient position data.
2. A surgical navigation apparatus comprising:
an image processing unit configured to align reference image data corresponding to a diagnosis image of the patient generated by image-taking before surgery and comparative image data corresponding to an endoscope image received from an image-taking unit during surgery in real time; and
a display unit configured to output the reference image data and the comparative image data aligned,
wherein the image processing unit aligns the reference image data and the comparative image data with a coordinate system of a robot arm where the image-taking unit is coupled using a position information of the image-taking unit.
3. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the image-taking unit generates distance information of an object of image-taking by using a plurality of lenses each having a different parallax.
4. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 2, wherein the image-taking unit generates distance information of an object of image-taking by using a plurality of lenses each having a different parallax.
5. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the image processing unit aligns the comparative image data and the reference image data by using the patient position data and robot position data of a robot arm coupled with the image-taking unit.
6. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 5, wherein the image processing unit aligns the comparative image data and the reference image data by using a distance from the robot arm, an extending direction, and a viewing direction of the image-taking unit.
7. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference image data is outputted in correspondence with a viewing direction of the image-taking unit.
8. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 2, wherein the reference image data is outputted in correspondence with a viewing direction of the image-taking unit.
9. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the image-taking unit generates distance information of an object of image-taking by using one lens and taking images of the object while moving.
10. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 2, wherein the image-taking unit generates distance information of an object of image-taking by using one lens and taking images of the object while moving.
11. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the image processing unit extracts difference image data from the comparative image data, the difference image data generated in correspondence with a progress of surgery, and wherein the reference image data is reconfigured by subtracting the difference image data from the reference image data.
12. A method of operating a surgical navigation apparatus, by which the surgical navigation apparatus processes an image in real time during surgery, the method comprising:
aligning a position of a patient with reference image data by using patient position data and the reference image data corresponding to a diagnosis image of the patient generated by image-taking before surgery;
aligning the patient position data and comparative image data corresponding to an endoscope image received from an image-taking unit in real time;
aligning the comparative image data and the reference image data in real time by using the patient position data; and
outputting the reference image data and the comparative image data aligned with the patient position data.
13. A method of operating a surgical navigation apparatus, the method comprising:
aligning reference image data corresponding to a diagnosis image of the patient generated by image-taking before surgery and comparative image data corresponding to an endoscope image received from an image-taking unit during surgery in real time; and
outputting the reference image data and the comparative image data aligned,
wherein the reference image data and the comparative image data are aligned with a coordinate system of a robot arm where the image-taking unit is coupled using a position information of the image-taking unit.
14. The method of claim 12, further comprising, after the aligning of the comparative image data and the reference image data:
extracting difference image data from the comparative image data, the difference image data generated in correspondence with a progress of surgery; and
reconfiguring the reference image data by subtracting the difference image data from the reference image data.
15. The method of claim 13, further comprising, after the aligning of the comparative image data and the reference image data:
extracting difference image data from the comparative image data, the difference image data generated in correspondence with a progress of surgery; and
reconfiguring the reference image data by subtracting the difference image data from the reference image data.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the aligning of the comparative image data and the reference image data further comprises:
aligning the comparative image data and the reference image data by using the patient position data and robot position data of a robot arm coupled with the image-taking unit.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the aligning of the comparative image data and the reference image data further comprises:
aligning the comparative image data and the reference image data by using a distance from the robot arm, an extending direction, and a viewing direction of the image-taking unit.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the reference image data is outputted in correspondence with a viewing direction of the image-taking unit.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein the reference image data is outputted in correspondence with a viewing direction of the image-taking unit.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the aligning of the patient position data and the comparative image data further comprises:
generating distance information, by the image-taking unit, of an object of image-taking by using a plurality of lenses each having a different parallax.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the aligning of the patient position data and the comparative image data further comprises:
generating distance information, by the image-taking unit, of an object of image-taking by using one lens and taking images of the object while moving.
22. The surgical navigation apparatus of claim 2, wherein the image processing unit extracts difference image data from the comparative image data, the difference image data generated in correspondence with a progress of surgery, and wherein the reference image data is reconfigured by subtracting the difference image data from the reference image data.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for making a laminate including at least a glass layer and a transparent composite comprising the steps of:
making at least one transparent glass reinforced polymer composite through steps comprising:
combining a refractive index modifier with a polymer precursor solution;
combining glass with said precursor solution to result in a glass concentration of between about 10% and 50% by volume; and,
curing said precursor solution to create a transparent glass reinforced polymer composite; and,
binding a glass layer to said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite to form the laminate, said glass layer having a refractive index substantially equal to the refractive index of said glass with said precursor solution;
wherein said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite comprises a first composite layer, and wherein the step of binding comprises applying a binding agent to opposite surfaces of said first composite layer and sandwiching it between a plurality of glass layers.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of glass layers has a thickness of between about 1 and about 6 mm, and wherein said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite has a thickness of between about 1 and about 3 mm.
3. The method of claim 1 and further including the steps of:
making additional glass reinforced polymer composite layers;
binding at least one of said additional glass reinforced polymer composite layer to one of said plurality of glass layers; and,
binding an additional glass layer on said at least one additional glass reinforced polymer composite layer wherein the resulting laminate includes a plurality of said glass reinforced polymer composite layers alternately stacked with a plurality of said glass layers.
4. A method for making a laminate including at least a glass layer and a transparent composite comprising the steps of:
making at least one transparent glass reinforced polymer composite through steps comprising:
combining a refractive index modifier with a polymer precursor solution;
combining glass with said precursor solution to result in a glass concentration of between about 10% and 50% by volume; and,
curing said precursor solution to create a transparent glass reinforced polymer composite; and,
binding a glass layer to said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite to form the laminate, said glass layer having a refractive index substantially equal to the refractive index of said glass with said precursor solution;
wherein said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite comprises a first composite layer, and wherein the step of binding a glass layer to said first composite layer comprises applying a binding agent on said first composite layer to bind said glass layer to said first composite layer at room temperature and pressure.
5. A method for making a laminate including at least a glass layer and a transparent composite comprising the steps of:
making at least one transparent glass reinforced polymer composite through steps comprising:
combining a refractive index modifier with a polymer precursor solution;
combining glass with said precursor solution to result in a glass concentration of between about 10% and 50% by volume; and,
curing said precursor solution to create a transparent glass reinforced polymer composite; and
binding a glass layer to said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite to form the laminate, said glass layer having a refractive index substantially equal to the refractive index of said glass with said precursor solution;
wherein said refractive index modifier comprises nanoparticles having a refractive index that is less than that of said precursor solution whereby the refractive index of the precursor solution is lowered through addition of said nanoparticles.
6. A method for making a laminate including at least a glass layer and a transparent composite comprising the steps of:
making at least one transparent glass reinforced polymer composite through steps comprising:
combining a refractive index modifier with a polymer precursor solution;
combining glass with said precursor solution to result in a glass concentration of between about 10% and 50% by volume; and
curing said precursor solution to create a transparent glass reinforced polymer composite; and,
binding a glass layer to said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite to form the laminate, said glass layer having a refractive index substantially equal to the refractive index of said glass with said precursor solution;
wherein said refractive index modifier comprises nanoparticles having a diameter that is between about 100 nm and about 200 nm.
7. A method for making a laminate including at least a glass layer and a transparent composite comprising the steps of:
making at least one transparent glass reinforced polymer composite through steps comprising:
combining a refractive index modifier with a polymer precursor solution;
combining glass with said precursor solution to result in a glass concentration of between about 10% and 50% by volume; and,
curing said precursor solution to create a transparent glass reinforced polymer composite; and,
binding a glass layer to said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite to form the laminate, said glass layer having a refractive index substantially equal to the refractive index of said glass with said precursor solution;
wherein said refractive index modifier comprises ceramic nanoparticles.
8. A method for making a laminate including at least a glass layer and a transparent composite comprising the steps of:
making at least one transparent glass reinforced polymer composite through steps comprising:
combining a refractive index modifier with a polymer precursor solution;
combining glass with said precursor solution to result in a glass concentration of between about 10% and 50% by volume; and,
curing said precursor solution to create a transparent glass reinforced polymer composite; and,
binding a glass layer to said transparent glass reinforced polymer composite to form the laminate, said glass layer having a refractive index substantially equal to the refractive index of said glass with said precursor solution;
wherein said refractive index modifier comprises ceramic nanoparticles having a diameter of between about 50 nm and about 200 nm, and having a refractive index that is less than that of said precursor solution whereby the refractive index of the precursor solution is lowered through addition of said nanoparticles.