We claim:
1. An apparatus for producing ions from chemical species comprising:
a) an ion source operated substantially at atmospheric pressure, a probe configured in said ion source, which produces ions from sample bearing solutions;
b) a sample bearing solution is with drawn from its vial, and sprayed from the same needle which acts as the center needle of the probe; and
c) a means for delivering ions into a vacuum region.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Electrospray means.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Electrospray with pneumatic assist means.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Electrospray with ultrasonic assist means.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Electrospray with nebulization assist means.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization means.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization with pneumatic assist means.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization with ultrasonic assist means.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said means for producing ions comprises an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization with nebulization assist means.
10. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said probe is an Electrospray probe which comprises two tube layers.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said probe is an Electrospray probe which comprises three or more tube layers.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said probe is an APCI probe which comprises two tube layers.
13. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said probe is an APCI probe which comprises three or more tube layers.
14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said needle is a syringe.
15. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said needle is the injection needle and storage reservoir from an autoinjector.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said injection needle is a injection needle with its needle filled with an liquid chromatography material for doing desalting of the sample.
17. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said injection needle is a injection needle with its needle filled with an liquid chromatography material and said storage reservoir is partial filled with a liquid chromatography material for doing desalting of the sample.
18. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said storage reservoir is partial filled with a liquid chromatography material for doing desalting of the sample.
19. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said injection needle is a injection needle with its needle filled with an liquid chromatography material for doing liquid chromatography separations.
20. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said injection needle is a injection needle with its needle filled with an liquid chromatography material and said storage reservoir is partial filled with a liquid chromatography material for doing liquid chromatography separations.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An optical film comprising:
a substrate;
a resin layer located on the substrate;
a plurality of porous particles distributed in the resin layer, each of the porous particles comprising a particle body and a plurality of holes, wherein a refractive index of the particle body is different from a refractive index of the resin layer, and the refractive index of the particle body is different from a refractive index of air in the holes.
2. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein the resin layer covering the porous particles has a planar upper surface or an irregular upper surface.
3. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein a material of the particle body of each of the porous particles comprises polystyrene, polymethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, polyethylene, silicone resin, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, or a combination thereof.
4. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein the resin layer comprises a thermoplastic resin material, a photo-curable resin material, or a combination thereof.
5. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein a diameter of each of the porous particles ranges from 0.01 \u03bcm to 60 \u03bcm.
6. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein the porous particles are circular particles, irregular particles, or a combination thereof.
7. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the porous particles to the resin layer is 199\u02dc991.
8. The optical film as recited in claim 1, further comprising an additive.
9. The optical film as recited in claim 8, wherein the additive comprises at least one non-ionic dispersant, at least one surfactant, or a combination thereof.
10. The optical film as recited in claim 9, wherein an addition ratio of the additive to the particle ranges from 0.005 wt % to 15 wt %.
11. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate is an organic transparent substrate, an inorganic transparent substrate, or a combination thereof.
12. The optical film as recited in claim 1, wherein a thickness of the substrate ranges from 30 \u03bcm to 300 \u03bcm.
13. A light emitting device comprising:
a light emitting element having a light emitting surface; and
an optical film located on the light emitting surface of the light emitting element and comprising:
a resin layer; and
a plurality of porous particles distributed in the resin layer, each of the porous particles comprising a particle body and a plurality of holes, wherein a refractive index of the particle body is different from a refractive index of the resin layer, and the refractive index of the particle body is different from a refractive index of air in the holes.
14. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein the resin layer is in physical contact with the light emitting surface of the light emitting element.
15. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein the optical film further comprises a substrate, and the resin layer is located on the substrate.
16. The light emitting device as recited in claim 15, further comprising an adhesive layer located between the substrate and the light emitting surface of the light emitting element.
17. The light emitting device as recited in claim 16, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a transparent adhesive containing propyl, a thermal-curable adhesive, or an ultraviolet-curable adhesive.
18. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein the resin layer covering the porous particles has a planar upper surface or an irregular upper surface.
19. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein a material of the particle body of each of the porous particles comprises polystyrene, polymethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, polyethylene, silicone resin, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, or a combination thereof.
20. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein the resin layer comprises a thermoplastic resin material, a photo-curable resin material, or a combination thereof.
21. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein a diameter of each of the porous particles ranges from 0.01 \u03bcm to 60 \u03bcm.
22. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein the porous particles are circular particles, irregular particles, or a combination thereof.
23. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein a ratio of the porous particles to the resin layer is 199\u02dc991.
24. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, further comprising an additive.
25. The light emitting device as recited in claim 24, wherein the additive comprises at least one non-ionic dispersant, at least one surfactant, or a combination thereof.
26. The light emitting device as recited in claim 25, wherein an addition ratio of the additive to the particle ranges from 0.005 wt % to 15 wt %.
27. The light emitting device as recited in claim 13, wherein the light emitting element comprises an organic light emitting diode device or a light emitting diode device.