1. An antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 phosphorylated at Ser910; or an antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 phosphorylated at Ser935; or an antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 that is not phosphorylated at Ser910; or an antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 that is not phosphorylated at Ser935.
2. A kit of parts comprising two or more of:
1) an antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 phosphorylated at Ser910, or an antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 that is not phosphorylated at Ser910;
2) an antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 phosphorylated at Ser935, or an antibody that binds specifically to LRRK2 that is not phosphorylated at Ser935;
3) a 14-3-3 polypeptide, or an antibody that specifically binds to a 14-3-3 polypeptide; and
4) a fluorescently labeled LRRK2 polypeptide, or polynucleotide encoding a fluorescently labeled LRRK2.
3. A purified preparation or kit of parts comprising an LRRK2 polypeptide or polynucleotide or antibody binding specifically to LRRK2; and a 14-3-3 polypeptide or polynucleotide or antibody binding specifically to a 14-3-3 polypeptide.
4. A method of characterising an LRRK2 mutant, the method comprising the steps of:
a) assessing the phosphorylation state of Ser910 andor Ser935 of the LRRK2 mutant; andor
b) assessing the ability of the LRRK2 mutant to bind a 14-3-3 polypeptide.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the LRRK2 mutant is found in a patient with Parkinson’s disease.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises, or further comprises, the step of assessing the subcellular location of the LRRK2 mutant, when expressed in a cell-based system.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An antenna system comprising:
an antenna configured to receive a signal from a satellite in a satellite broadcast system using a broadcast spectrum comprising a plurality of transponder frequencies;
a receiver operatively coupled to the antenna; and
a control subsystem operatively coupled to the antenna and configured to command the antenna to point to an expected direction associated with one of the transponder frequencies;
command the receiver to tune to selected transponder frequencies within the broadcast spectrum until a satellite signal is detected;
determine an antenna beam positioning value associated with the transponder frequency at which the satellite signal was detected; and
determine a pointing error as a function of the expected direction and the determined antenna beam positioning value.
2. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the antenna comprises a phased array antenna.
3. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the antenna comprises a linear array antenna.
4. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the pointing error is determined at least in part by calculating a difference between the determined antenna beam positioning value and an antenna beam positioning value associated with the expected direction.
5. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to, if the satellite signal is not detected, command the antenna to point to another direction.
6. The antenna system of claim 5, wherein the other direction is opposite the expected direction to which the antenna was initially pointed.
7. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to determine the pointing error as a function of an angle discriminant measurement.
8. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to adjust an expected direction to the satellite as a function of the pointing error.
9. The antenna system of claim 8, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to perform an electronic search for the satellite signal at a different elevation than the adjusted expected direction to the satellite.
10. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to:
command the receiver to sequentially tune to the selected transponder frequencies to detect a satellite signal at a plurality of the selected transponder frequencies; and
select one of the transponder frequencies at which the satellite signal was detected for determining the antenna beam positioning value.
11. The antenna system of claim 10, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to select the transponder frequency at which the detected satellite signal is at a maximum for determining the antenna beam positioning value.
12. A vehicle communication system comprising:
an antenna configured to receive a signal from a satellite in a satellite broadcast system using a broadcast spectrum comprising a plurality of transponder frequencies;
a receiver operatively coupled to the antenna;
a control subsystem operatively coupled to the antenna and configured to command the antenna to point to an expected direction associated with one of the transponder frequencies,
command the receiver to tune to selected transponder frequencies within the broadcast spectrum until a satellite signal is detected,
determine an antenna beam positioning value associated with the transponder frequency at which the satellite signal was detected, and
determine a pointing error as a function of the expected direction and the determined antenna beam positioning value; and
a communication device operatively coupled to the antenna.
13. The vehicle communication system of claim 12, wherein the antenna comprises a phased array antenna.
14. The vehicle communication system of claim 12, wherein the antenna comprises a linear array antenna.
15. The vehicle communication system of claim 12, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to, if the satellite signal is not detected, command the antenna to point to another direction.
16. The vehicle communication system of claim 12, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to determine the pointing error as a function of an angle discriminant measurement.
17. The vehicle communication system of claim 12, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to adjust an expected direction to the satellite as a function of the pointing error.
18. The vehicle communication system of claim 12, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to:
command the receiver to sequentially tune to the selected transponder frequencies to detect a satellite signal at a plurality of the selected transponder frequencies; and
select one of the transponder frequencies at which the satellite signal was detected for determining the antenna beam positioning value.
19. The vehicle communication system of claim 18, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to select the transponder frequency at which the detected satellite signal is at a maximum for determining the antenna beam positioning value.
20. A method to determine a pointing angle to a satellite in a satellite broadcast system using a broadcast spectrum comprising a plurality of transponder frequencies, the method comprising:
commanding an antenna to point to an expected direction associated with one of the transponder frequencies;
commanding a receiver to sequentially tune to selected transponder frequencies within the broadcast spectrum until a satellite signal is detected;
determining an antenna beam positioning value associated with the transponder frequency at which the satellite signal was detected; and
determining a pointing error as a function of the expected direction and the determined antenna beam positioning value.
21. The vehicle communication system of claim 20, wherein the control subsystem is further configured to perform an electronic search for the satellite signal at a different elevation than the adjusted expected direction to the satellite.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the pointing error is determined at least in part by calculating a difference between the determined antenna beam positioning value and an antenna beam positioning value associated with the expected direction.
23. The method of claim 20, further comprising, if the satellite signal is not detected, commanding the antenna to point to another direction.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the other direction of the satellite is opposite the expected direction to which the antenna was initially pointed.
25. The method of claim 20, wherein determining the pointing error comprises determining the pointing error as a function of an angle discriminant measurement.
26. The method of claim 20, further comprising adjusting an expected direction to the satellite as a function of the pointing error.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising performing an electronic search for the satellite signal at a different elevation than the adjusted expected direction to the satellite.
28. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
commanding the receiver to sequentially tune to the selected transponder frequencies to detect a satellite signal at a plurality of the selected transponder frequencies; and
selecting one of the transponder frequencies at which the satellite signal was detected for determining the antenna beam positioning value.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein selecting one of the transponder frequencies comprises selecting the transponder frequency at which the detected satellite signal is at a maximum for determining the antenna beam positioning value.
30. A microprocessor-readable medium having microprocessor-executable instructions for:
commanding an antenna to point to an expected direction to a satellite in a satellite broadcast system using a broadcast spectrum comprising a plurality of transponder frequencies, the expected direction associated with one of the transponder frequencies;
commanding the receiver to tune to selected transponder frequencies within the broadcast spectrum until a satellite signal is detected;
determining an antenna beam positioning value associated with the transponder frequency at which the satellite signal was detected; and
determining a pointing error as a function of the expected direction and the determined antenna beam positioning value.
31. The microprocessor-readable medium of claim 30, having further microprocessor-executable instructions for commanding the antenna to point to another direction opposite the expected direction to the satellite when the satellite signal is not detected.
32. The microprocessor-readable medium of claim 30, having further microprocessor-executable instructions for determining the pointing error as a function of an angle discriminant measurement.
33. The microprocessor-readable medium of claim 30, having further microprocessor-executable instructions for adjusting the expected direction to the satellite as a function of the pointing error.
34. The microprocessor-readable medium of claim 33, having further microprocessor-executable instructions for performing an electronic search for the satellite signal at a different elevation than the adjusted expected direction of the satellite.
35. The microprocessor-readable medium of claim 30, having further microprocessor-executable instructions for:
commanding the receiver to sequentially tune to the selected transponder frequencies to detect a satellite signal at a plurality of the selected transponder frequencies; and
selecting one of the transponder frequencies at which the satellite signal was detected for determining the antenna beam positioning value.
36. The microprocessor-readable medium of claim 35, having further microprocessor-executable instructions for selecting the transponder frequency at which the detected satellite signal is at a maximum for determining the antenna beam positioning value.