1. An implantable drug depot for reducing, preventing or treating pam andor inflammation in a patient in need of such treatment, the implantable drug depot comprising dexamethasone in an amount from about 2 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the drug depot, and at least one biodegradable material, wherein the drug depot is capable of releasing dexamethasone over a period of at least three days.
2. An implantable drug depot according to claim 1, wherein said dexamethasone comprises from about 5 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the drug depot
3. An implantable drug depot according to claim 1, wherein said at least one biodegradable material comprises at least 70 wt. % of the drug depot.
4. An implantable drug depot according to claim 1, wherein said at least one biodegradable material comprises at least 80 wt. % of the drug depot.
5. An implantable drug depot according to claim 1, wherein the at least one biodegradable material comprises one or more of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA), D-lactide, D,L-lactide, L-lactide, D,L-lactide caprolactone, D,L-lactide-glycolide-caprolactone or a combination thereof.
6. An implantable drug depot according to claim 1, wherein the at least one biodegradable material comprises a polymer comprising poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or poly(orthoester) or both.
7. An implantable drug depot according to claim 6, wherein the at least one biodegradable polymer comprises poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and said poly(lactic-co glycolic acid) comprises a mixture of polyglycolide and polylactide.
8. An implantable drug depot according to claim 7, wherein said mixture comprises more polylactide than polyglycolide.
9. An implantable drug depot according to claim 1, wherein the drug depot releases: (i) a bolus dose of the dexamethasone at a site beneath the skin; and (ii) an effective amount of the dexamethasone over a period of at least fifty days.
10. An implantable drug depot for reducing, preventing or treating pain andor inflammation in a patient in need of such treatment, the implantable drug depot comprising dexamethasone in an amount of from about 2 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the drug depot, and at least one biodegradable polymer, wherein the at least one biodegradable polymer comprises poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or poly(orthoester) or a combination thereof, and said at least one biodegradable polymer comprises at least 70 wt. % of said drug depot, wherein the drug depot is capable of releasing dexamethasone over a period of at least three days.
11. An implantable drug depot according to claim 1, wherein the at least one polymer comprises one or more of poly(lactide-co-glycolide), D-lactide, D,L-lactide, L-lactide, D,L-lactide-caprolactone, and D,L-lactide-glycolide-caprolactone.
12-20. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Apparatus for the lifting of pipelines, comprising:
a. a frame having two vertical side beams and a transverse top beam interposed between said vertical beams;
b. two concave and symmetrically disposed supporting members pivotally connected to said two vertical beams, respectively, and configured to achieve a pipe supporting position without applying a radial inwardly directed force to the bottommost portion of said pipe when said frame is suitably lowered and said supporting members are suitably pivoted;
c. a driving unit disposed within, and fixedly attached to, each of said supporting members, for generating a linear downwardly directed force;
d. a force transmitting element connected to a driving unit rod along which a corresponding driving unit housing is slidingly displaceable;
e. a control unit for independently controlling each of said driving units; and
f. at least one connecting means for releasably connecting said two supporting members to one another when said supporting members are in a pipe supporting position,
wherein said control unit is adapted to immobilize said force transmitting elements against a trench bed in a pre-lifting mode when a first force is generated by said driving units, and to lift each of said driving unit housings together with the corresponding supporting member with respect to the corresponding force transmitting element in a lifting mode when a suitable second force greater than said first force is generated by each of said driving units.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each supporting member comprises two identical, spaced plates having an inner edge, a pipe supporting surface having an essentially similar profile as, and extending between the corresponding inner edge of, said plates, and an outer plate.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each plate is formed with a planar outer edge, an inner edge having an upper planar portion substantially parallel to said outer edge, and a lower concave portion tangential to said upper planar portion by which the pipe is supported.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the concave portion has a radius of curvature essentially equal to that of the pipe, a continuous semicircle being traced by the concave portion of each of the two supporting members being in a pipe supporting position.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the concave portion subtends an angle of approximately 65 to 75 degrees.
6. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each plate is further formed with a lower edge of varying shape, a straight lower edge, and an upper edge.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the upper edge is oblique with respect to the outer edge and the upper planar portion of the inner edge, a pivot connecting a supporting member and a corresponding vertical beam being engaged by an aperture formed in each plate in the vicinity of the upper edge.
8. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each plate is further formed with a wheel guard.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the lower edge of varying shape is V-shaped, said V-shaped lower edge being interposed between said wheel guard and the straight lower edge, said straight lower edge extending from, and being substantially perpendicular to, the outer edge.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a guide wheel mounted within two opposed wheel guards of the two plates, respectively, of a corresponding supporting member.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the two supporting members are self-positioning during the lowering mode.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the supporting members are pivotable during the lowering mode once the two guide wheels contact a pipe periphery, on opposite sides of the pipe vertical centerline.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the guide wheels are in continuous rolling contact with a pipe periphery from an initial contact point to a pipe supporting position.
14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the supporting members are outwardly pivotable until the horizontal centerline of the pipe and are inwardly pivotable from the horizontal centerline of the pipe until the pipe supporting position.
15. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pipe supporting surface is covered by an intermediate layer of padding.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises means for determining that terrain underlying the force transmitting elements is sufficiently compressed during the pre-lifting mode to allow commencement of the lifting mode.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the terrain compression determining means comprises:
a. a controller;
b. an actuator for each driving unit in communication with said controller by which the magnitude of the first and second forces generated by the corresponding driving unit is determinable; and
c. a sensor in communication with said controller for detecting the axial displacement of each force transmitting element with respect to the corresponding driving unit housing,
said controller being adapted to determine that terrain underlying a force transmitting element is essentially completely compressed when the corresponding axial displacement sensor detects substantially no axial displacement of the corresponding force transmitting element during generation of the first force by the corresponding driving unit.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the controller is adapted to transmit a command to an actuator to terminate operation of the corresponding driving unit when the terrain underlying the corresponding force transmitting element is essentially compressed.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the controller is adapted to transmit a command to the actuator of each driving unit to generate the second force which is sufficient to produce an upwardly directed reactant force applied to the corresponding driving unit housing when the terrain underlying both force transmitting elements is essentially compressed, the two driving unit housings thereby being vertically lifted at the same rate.
20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the control unit further comprises one or more orientation sensors in communication with the controller, for determining whether the lifting apparatus is balanced.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each driving unit is a hydraulic system by which hydraulic fluid for actuating a piston displaceable within a cylinder housed within a corresponding supporting member is supplied during the pre-lifting and lifting modes.
22. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each vertical beam has a horizontal rod with which a tension supporting member extending to a link displaceable by means of a crane is engaged.