1. An electronic connector comprising:
a plurality of pairs of terminal parts for transmitting an electric signal; and
a grounding part shaped like a plate and connected to have a ground potential,
wherein the pairs of terminal parts are arranged substantially in parallel to a surface of the grounding part, each of the terminal parts being arranged substantially in parallel to the surface of the grounding part and including a terminal connecting part formed at an end of the terminal part so as to be connected to a terminal of another electronic connector, the terminal connecting parts of the same pair among the pairs of terminal parts being a pair of the terminal connecting parts and being arranged substantially in parallel to the surface of the grounding part,
the grounding part has protrusions, which protrude from the surface of the grounding part and substantially in a vertical direction relative to the surface of the grounding part,
each of the protrusions is provided on a side of one of the terminal connecting parts of the pair of terminal connecting parts, and
the pair of terminal connecting parts is interposed between two protrusions among the protrusions, the two protrusions being adjacent on the surface of the grounding part.
2. The electronic connector according to claim 1,
wherein the protrusions are provided on both sides of the pairs of terminal parts.
3. The electronic connector according to claim 1,
wherein the protrusions are formed by cutting and pulling up parts of the grounding part.
4. The electronic connector according to claim 1,
wherein the protrusions are formed by pushing out parts of the grounding part.
5. The electronic connector according to claim 1,
wherein lengths of the protrusions in a direction of connecting the electronic connector are mutually different.
6. The electronic connector according to claim 1,
wherein the grounding part, the pairs of terminal parts, and an insulating part provided between the grounding part and the pairs of terminal parts constitute a unit included in the electronic connector.
7. The electronic connector according to claim 6,
wherein the unit is plural and the units are laminated in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the grounding part.
8. A connector comprising:
a ground plate formed of a metal plate;
a pair of terminals, each terminal including a connecting part at its one end to be connected to a terminal of another connector, the terminals being arranged substantially in parallel to a surface of the ground plate; and
a pair of protrusions formed on and protruding from a surface of the ground plate,
wherein each of the protrusions is positioned adjacent to one of the connecting parts and between the adjacent pairs of terminals so that the connecting parts of the pair of terminals are positioned between the pair of the protrusions.
9. An electronic connector comprising:
a grounding part formed of a conductive plate; and
a plurality of pairs of terminal parts for transmitting an electric signal, the terminal parts being arranged and aligned substantially in parallel to and along a surface of the grounding part, each of the terminal parts including a terminal connecting part formed at an end of the terminal part so as to be connected to a terminal of another electronic connector,
wherein the grounding part has protrusions, which protrude from the surface of the grounding part and substantially in a vertical direction relative to the surface of the grounding part, each protrusion is provided on one side of one of the terminal connecting parts, and the pair of terminal parts is provided between two protrusions, which are adjacent along the surface of the grounding part.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for systemically delivering a pharmaceutical composition to a human or animal, said method comprising forming one or more orifices in a nail of the human or animal and applying the pharmaceutical composition in the orifice.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the orifices are formed by means of a laser.
3. A method according to claim 1 which provides a controlled release of the pharmaceutical composition.
4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the laser is selected from the group consisting of a Erbium:YAG laser, a Nd:YAG laser, an OPO laser, a Ho:YAG laser, a CO2 laser, a UV laser, an excimer laser, and combinations thereof.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein a protective layer is placed on the outer surface of the orifice covering the nail.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least one active ingredient.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the active ingredient is a vaccine.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein the vaccine is selected from the group consisting of Smallpox, Rabies, Plaque, Diphteria, Pertussis, Tuberculosis, Tetanus, Yellow Fever, Injectable Polio Vaccine, Oral Polio Vaccine, Measales, Mumps, Rubella, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Haemophilus influenza Typ B, Japanese Encephalitis, Biomanguinhos, Hib, HIV and cancer.
9. The method according to claim 7 wherein the vaccine requires multiple inoculation to achieve protective titers.
10. The method according to claim 7 wherein the vaccine requires long contact with dendritic cells to achieve a cytotoxic T-cell response.
11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the cancer vaccine comprises whole tumor cells or of substances contained by the tumor.
12. The method according to claim 10 wherein the cancer vaccine is selected from the group consisting of whole cancer cells, peptides, proteins, dendritic cells, gangliosids, heat-shock proteins, viral and bacterial vectors and nucleic acids.
13. The method according to claim 6 wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a photosensitizer, androgen, estrogen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, antihypertensive agent, analgesic agent, antidepressant, antibiotic, anticancer agent, anesthetic, antiemetic, antiinfectant, contraceptive, antidiabetic agent, steroid, anti-allergy agent, anti-migraine agent, agent for smoking cessation, and anti-obesity agent.
14. The method according to claim 6 wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of acebutolol, acetylcysteine, acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, acyclovir, alprazolam, alfacalcidol, allantoin, allopurinol, aloe vera, ambroxol, amikacin, amiloride, aminoacetic acid, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amlodipine, amoxicillin, ampicillin, ascorbic acid, astemizole, atenolol, beclomethasone, bee propolis, benserazide, benzalkonium hydrochloride, benzocaine, betamethasone, bezafibrate, biotin, biperiden, bisoprolol, bromazepam, bromhexine, bromocriptine, budesonide, bufexamac, buflomedil, bupivacaine, buspirone, caffeine, camphor, captopril, carbamazepine, carbidopa, carboplatin, cefachlor, cefalexin, cefatroxil, cefazolin, cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, selegiline, chloramphenicol, chlorhexidine, chlor-pheniramine, chlortalidone, choline, cyclosporin, cilastatin, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, cisapride, cisplatin, clarithromycin, clavulanic acid, clomidine, clomipramine, clonazepam, clonidine, clotrimazole, codeine, cholestyramine, cromoglycic acid, cyanocobalamin, cyproterone, desogestrel, dexamethasone, dexpanthenol, dexamethasone, dextromethorphan, dextropropoxiphen, diazepam, diclofenac, digoxin, dihydrocodeine, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergotoxin, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, dipyridamole, dipyrone, disopyramide, domperidone, dopamine, doxycycline, enalapril, ephedrine, epinephrine, ergocalciferol, ergotamine, erythromycin, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, etoposide, Eucalyptus globulus, famotidine, felodipine, fenofibrate, fenoterol, fentanyl, flavin mononucleotide, fluconazole, flunarizine, fluorouracil, fluoxetine, flurbiprofen, folic acid, folinic acid, furosemide, gallopamil, gemfibrozil, gentamicin, Gingko biloba, glibenclamide, glipizide, clozapine, Glycyrrhiza glabra, griseofulvin, haloperidol, heparin, hyaluronic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocodone, hydrocortisone, hydromorphone, ipratropium hydroxide, ibuprofen, imipenem, indomethacin, insulin, iohexol, iopamidol, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, isotretinoin, ketotifen, ketoconazole, ketoprofen, ketorolac, labetalol, lactulose, levocarnitine, levodopa, levoglutamide, levonorgestrel, levothyroxine, lidocaine, lipase, imipramine, lisinopril, loperamide, lorazepam, lovastatin, medroxyprogesterone, menthol, methotrexate, methyldopa, methylprednisolone, metoclopramide, metoprolol, miconazole, midazolam, minocycline, minoxidil, misoprostol, morphine, multivitamin mixtures and combinations and mineral salts, N-methylephedrine, naftidrofuryl, naproxen, neomycin, nicardipine, nicergoline, nicotinamide, nicotine, nicotinic acid, nifedipine, nimodipine, nitrazepam, nitrendipine, nitroglycerine, nizatidine, norethisterone, norfloxacin, norgestrel, nortriptyline, nystatin, ofloxacin, omeprazole, ondansetron, pancreatin, panthenol, pantothenic acid, paracetamol, penicillin G, penicillin V, phenobarbital, pentoxifylline, phenoxymethylpenicillin, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, phenyloin, piroxicam, polymyxin B, povidone-iodine, pravastatin, prazepam, prazosin, prednisolone, prednisone, prilocalne, progesterone, propafenone, propranolol, proxyphylline, pseudoephedrine, pyridoxine, quinidine, ramipril, ranitidine, reserpine, retinol, riboflavin, rifampicin, rutoside, salbutamol, salcatonin, salicylic acid, scopolamine, simvastatin, somatotropin, sotalol, spironolactone, sucralfate, sufentanil, sulbactam, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine, sulpiride, sumatriptan, tamoxifen, tegafur, teprenone, terazosin, terbutaline, terfenadine, testosterone, tetracaine, tetracycline, theophylline, thiamine, ticlopidine, timolol, tranexamic acid, tretinoin, triamcinolone acetonide, triamterene, trimethoprim, troxerutin, uracil, valproic acid, vancomycin, verapamil, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zidovudine.
15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in a form which is selected from the group consisting of a liquid, semi-solid, solid, solution, gel, emulsion, and powder.
16. The method according to claim 6 wherein the active ingredient is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of from 0.1 weight percent, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition, to 100 weight percent.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the amount of active ingredient is from 20 to 80 weight percent, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
18. The method according to claim 17 wherein the amount of active ingredient is from 30 to 70 weight percent, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
19. The method according to claim 1 which is carried out using a laser-based device comprising a laser and at least one element selected from the group consisting of a support, a computer controlled xyz translation stage module, a mirror, an optical focusing element comprising at least one lens, a computer, a video camera, a charged coupled device camera, a feedback sensor, and an optical element.
20. The method according to claim 1 wherein the diameter of the orifice is from 1 \u03bcm (micron) to 1 mm.
21. The method according to claim 20 wherein the diameter of the orifice is from 50 \u03bcm (microns) to 200 \u03bcm (microns).
22. The method according to claim 21 wherein the diameter of the orifice is from 50 \u03bcm (microns) to 100 \u03bcm (microns).