1. A process for transferring polymer from an upstream slurry reactor to a downstream gas-phase reactor in a multistage polymerization of olefins comprising the following steps:
a) heating a slurry comprising liquid polymerization medium and polyolefin particles discharged from the upstream reactor to evaporate the liquid polymerization medium, thereby forming an evaporated phase;
b) separating the polyolefin particles from the evaporated phase in at least a separation chamber;
c) transferring the separated polyolefin particles to said downstream reactor by means of lock hoppers working intermittently in parallel, where one of said lock hoppers is continuously filled with the polymer coming from said separation chamber, while simultaneously the other one is continuously pressurized by means of a pressurization gas coming from said downstream reactor.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said liquid polymerization medium comprises at least one olefin monomer, hydrogen as a molecular weight regulator and optionally an inert hydrocarbon.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein said upstream polymerization reactor is a loop reactor.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein said downstream gas-phase reactor is selected from fluidized-bed reactors, stirred bed reactors and polymerization reactors having two distinct interconnected polymerization zones.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein step a) is carried out in a steam jacketed pipe at a temperature in a range from 80 to 100\xb0 C.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein said separation chamber of step b) is provided with bag filters.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein step b) is carried out in a high pressure separation chamber and a low pressure separation chamber.
8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the high pressure separation chamber is operated at a pressure ranging from 10 to 28 bar.
9. The process according to claim 7, wherein the low pressure separation chamber is operated at a pressure ranging from 1.1 bar to 4.0 bar.
10. The process according to claim 1, further comprising that the lock hoppers of step c) operate in a continuous sequence of operations comprising:
(1) loading with polymer coming from step b), while maintaining the hopper isolated from the downstream reactor;
(2) pressurizing by means of a gas comprising the reaction mixture from the downstream reactor, while maintaining the hopper isolated from the separation chamber of step b).
11. The process according to claim 10, wherein during said pressurization (2) the polymer is discharged from said lock hopper and transferred to the downstream reactor.
12. The process according to claim 10, wherein when one of said lock hoppers is involved with step (1), the other one is involved with step (2).
13. The process according to claim 1, wherein said pressurization gas of step c) comes from the recycle line of said downstream reactor at a point downstream a compressor and upstream a heat exchanger.
14. A polymerization apparatus comprising an upstream slurry reactor, a downstream gas-phase reactor and a transfer device transferring the polymer from said upstream reactor to said downstream reactor, the downstream gas-phase reactor having an external recycle line R that continuously recycles the fluidization gas through said reactor, said transfer device comprising:
a vaporizer for heating the polyolefin slurry discharged from said upstream reactor;
at least one separation chamber for separating the polyolefin particles from the evaporated phase; and
lock hoppers placed in a parallel arrangement, directly connected to said recycle line R of said downstream reactor and in connection with the polymerization zone of said downstream reactor.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said vaporizer is a steam jacketed pipe.
16. The apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising a high pressure separation chamber and a low pressure separation chamber.
17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said lock hoppers are placed below said at least one separation chamber and above the polymer bed of said downstream reactor.
18. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said lock hoppers comprise bottom discharge valves, connected with two transfer pipes, which alternatively transfer the polymer particles into the polymer bed of said downstream reactor.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said two transfer pipes are inclined of an angle, with respect to vertical line, comprised between 15 \xb0and 30\xb0.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An ink ejection device comprising:
a head which ejects ultraviolet curable ink; and
an ultraviolet irradiation device which irradiates the ultraviolet curable ink ejected from the head,
the ultraviolet irradiation device including:
a light source which irradiates the ultraviolet curable ink ejected from the head with ultraviolet rays; and
a jetting port which jets gas to form a gas film across the light source in an irradiation direction; and
a transparent plate which is provided to be closer to the light source than the jetting port in the irradiation direction and face the light source to transmit the ultraviolet rays irradiated from the light source.