1. A stacked EBG (electromagnetic bandgap) structure comprising:
a first ground plane;
a first power plane;
a via;
a second power plane, connected with the first power plane via the via;
a second ground plane;
a third power plane, and
a plurality of ground vias, wherein the first ground plane, the second power plane and the second ground plane are connected through the ground vias, the ground vias and the second power plane do not have actually electrical connection, the first ground plane, the first power plane, the second power plane, and the via forms a first EBG structure, the first ground plane, the second ground plane, the third power plane and the ground vias forms a second EBG structure.
2. The stacked EBG structure of claim 1, wherein the first EBG structure and the second EBG structure have different stopband bandwidths, the ground vias has characteristic of guard ring, thereby the stacked EBG structure achieves an increase in stopband bandwidths.
3. The stacked EBG structure of claim 2, wherein a frequency band of a stopband provided by the stacked EBG structure is wider than with a frequency band of a stopband provided by the first EBG structure and the second EBG structure respectively.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method comprising:
determining whether to direct at least some traffic of at least one user equipment (UE) connected to a local area (or macro) access point (AP) to be connected to a macro (or local) AP; and
causing, in an instance in which it is determined to direct the at least some traffic of at least one UE to be connected to the macro (or local) AP, at least one signal to be transmitted to the at least one UE, the at least one signal being configured to direct the at least some traffic of the at least one UE to connect to the macro (or local) AP.
2-52. (canceled)
53. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing program code instructions, the at least one memory and program code instructions being configured to, with the at least one processor, direct the apparatus to at least:
determine whether to direct at least some traffic of at least one user equipment (UE) connected to a local area (or macro) access point (AP) to be connected to a macro (or local) AP; and
cause, in an instance in which it is determined to direct the at least some traffic of at least one UE to be connected to the macro AP, at least one signal to be transmitted to the at least one UE, the at least one signal being configured to direct the at least some traffic of the at least one UE to connect to the macro (or local) AP.
54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the at least one signal comprises a paging message.
55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the paging message comprises a switch-back paging indicator.
56. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the paging message comprises an indication of one or more dedicated Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) parameters.
57. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the paging message comprises an indication of what traffic is to be served by the local AP connected to the UE.
58. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the paging message comprises an indication of what traffic is to be served by the macro AP connected to the UE.
59. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the paging message comprises an indication of a link problem regarding the local area AP.
60. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein a set of PRACH resources are predefined for the at least one UE, a particular PRACH resource being determined by the UE based on a subframe index in which the UE detects the paging message.
61. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the at least one signal comprises or further comprises a Downlink Control Information (DCS) message.
62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the DCI message comprises a DCI format 1A1C message.
63. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the DCI message comprises a reserved bit indicating that the UE is to connect to the macro AP.
64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the reserved bit is included in a plurality of bits representing a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process number.
65. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the DCI message is scrambled with a Paging Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI).
66. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the at least one signal is transmitted during a switch-back Paging Occasion (PO).
67. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the at least one signal comprises at least one first signal, the apparatus being further directed to cause transmission of in an instance in which the at least one first signal is transmitted during a RACH procedure, at least one second signal comprising an indication of a RACH purpose.
68. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the at least one second signal comprises a msg 2.
69. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the at least one second signal comprises a Random Access Response (RAR) message and further wherein the indication of the RACH purpose comprises a reserved bit in a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) of the RAR message.
70. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the at least one second signal comprises a msg 4.
71-104. (canceled)
105. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code portions embodied therein, the program code portions being configured to, upon execution, cause an apparatus to at least:
determine whether to direct at least some traffic of at least one user equipment (UE) connected to a local area (or macro) access point (AP) to be connected to a macro (or local) AP; and
cause, in an instance in which it is determined to direct the at least some traffic of at least one UE to be connected to the macro (or local) AP, at least one signal to be transmitted to the at least one UE, the at least one signal being configured to direct the at least some traffic of the at last one UE to connect to the macro (or local) AP.
106-156. (canceled)