1. A stable vaccine for stimulating an immune response to a Bacillus anthracis protective antigen comprising:
a) a purified B. anthracis protective antigen protein;
b) an alanine formulation buffer; and
c) a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.
2. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said alanine formulation buffer comprises about 50 to 500 mM alanine.
3. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said alanine formulation buffer comprises about 220 mM alanine, about 25 mM sodium phosphate and about 0.01% polysorbate 80.
4. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said alanine formulation buffer further comprises glycine andor proline.
5. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said alanine formulation buffer is at about pH 6.2-8.0.
6. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of alhydrogel, CpG, an immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) and calcium phosphate.
7. The vaccine of claim 6, wherein said adjuvant is Alhydrogel.
8. The vaccine of claim 7, wherein said vaccine comprises about 750 \u03bcg aluminum.
9. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said purified B. anthracis protective antigen protein is produced from an asporogenic B. anthracis bacterium.
10. The vaccine of claim 9, wherein said asporogenic B. anthracis bacterium is a ASterne-1(pPA102)CR4 strain of bacteria.
11. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said purified B. anthracis protective antigen protein comprises amino acids 30-735 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
12. The vaccine of claim 11, wherein said purified B. anthracis protective antigen protein comprises SEQ ID NO: 1.
13. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said vaccine comprises at least about 25 \u03bcg purified B. anthracis protective antigen protein.
14. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said vaccine comprises at least about 25 \u03bcg purified B. anthracis protective antigen protein and about 750 \u03bcg aluminum.
15. A method of preventing or treating an anthrax disease comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of the vaccine of claim 1 to a subject.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said anthrax disease is inhalation anthrax.
17. A method of inducing an immune response in a subject comprising administering to the subject a vaccine of claim 1.
18. A method of vaccinating a subject against anthrax comprising administering to the subject a vaccine of claim 1.
19. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the vaccine is a liquid solution or suspension.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A lens for a pair of eyeglasses, comprising:
a substrate with a surface; and
at least one CNT film disposed on the surface of the substrate, the at least one CNT film absorbing a part of light,
wherein the light is visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, or any combination thereof, visible light absorptance of the lens is in a range from about 15% to about 80%, and infrared light absorptance of the lens is in a range from about 15% to about 80%.
2. The lens as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a cover layer disposed on the at least one CNT film such that the at least one CNT film is sandwiched between the substrate and the cover layer.
3. The lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one CNT film comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) extending substantially along a direction.
4. The lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein a degree of polarization of the lens is in a range from about 0.2 to about 0.95.
5. The lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one CNT film comprises at least one first CNT film comprising a plurality of first carbon nanotubes extending substantially along a first direction and at least one second CNT film comprising a plurality of second carbon nanotubes extending substantially along a second direction.
6. The lens as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first direction and the second direction are substantially parallel.
7. The lens as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first direction and the second direction are substantially perpendicular.
8. The lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one CNT film comprises a plurality of CNT films, and a number of the CNT films is in a range from 1 to 12.
9. A lens for a pair of eyeglasses, comprising:
a substrate with a surface; and
ten CNT films disposed on the surface of the substrate, the ten CNT films absorbing a part of light,
wherein the light is visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, or any combination thereof, a degree of polarization of the lens is about 0.95, visible light absorptance of the lens is about 75%, infrared light absorptance of the lens is about 75%, and ultraviolet light absorptance of the lens is about 90%.
10. The lens as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a cover layer disposed on the ten CNT films such that the ten CNT films are sandwiched between the substrate and the cover layer.
11. The lens as claimed in claim 9, wherein the ten CNT films comprise a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) extending substantially along a direction.
12. The lens as claimed in claim 9, wherein the ten CNT films comprise at least one first CNT film comprising a plurality of first carbon nanotubes extending substantially along a first direction and at least one second CNT film comprising a plurality of second carbon nanotubes extending substantially along a second direction.
13. The lens as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first direction and the second direction are substantially parallel.
14. The lens as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first direction and the second direction are substantially perpendicular.