1. A method for automatic digital audio mixing of at least two digital audio files, comprising:
reading said digital audio files;
automatically determining scale factors for scaling each of said digital audio files based on an analysis of said digital audio files by a digital processing unit, the analysis including identifying a peak value and a mean level for each of the digital audio files;
wherein each scale factor is based on an analysis of the entirety of each of said digital audio files relative to the other digital audio files in their entirety, the identified peak value, and the identified mean values for the digital audio files;
applying each said scale factor to the entirety of each of said digital audio files respectively; the scale factors operable to adjust the identified mean levels of the audio files to substantially equivalent levels and adjust the audio files to a recording medium maximum level to create scaled digital audio files;
combining each of said scaled digital audio files into a single audio recording output as a digital file on a storage medium; and
storing the single audio recording output on a storage medium, such that it may be played back by an audio device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is performed within a server device operatively coupled over a network to a client device; wherein said automatic digital audio mixing is resident on the server and initiated upon receiving one of said digital audio files from said client device.
3. The method of claim 1, further including receiving one of said digital audio files from a user.
4. An apparatus for automatic digital audio mixing andor mastering of at least two digital audio files, said apparatus comprising:
a means for reading said digital audio files;
a means for automatically determining scale factors for scaling each of said digital audio files based on an analysis of said digital audio files by a digital processing unit being operable to identify a peak value and an average value for each of the said digital audio files;
wherein each scale factor is based on digital audio files relative to each other, the identified peak value, and the identified average value for each of the said digital audio files;
a means for applying each said scale factor to each of said digital audio files respectively, the scale factors operable to adjust the identified average levels of the said digital audio files to a substantially equivalent level and adjust the said digital audio files to a recording medium maximum level to create scaled digital audio files;
a means for combining each of said scaled digital audio files into a single audio recording output as a digital file on a storage medium; and
a means for playing back the single audio recording output.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said apparatus is a server device operatively coupled over a network to a client device; wherein said automatic digital audio mixing is resident on the server device and initiated upon receiving one of said digital audio files from said client device.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, further including means for receiving one of said digital audio files from a user.
7. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to perform a method for automatic digital audio mixing of at least two digital audio files, said method comprising:
reading said digital audio files;
automatically determining scale factors for scaling each of said digital audio files based on an analysis of said digital audio files by a digital processing unit, the analysis including identifying a peak value and a mean level for each of the digital audio files;
wherein each scale factor is based on an analysis of the entirety of each of said digital audio files relative to each other, the identified peak, and the identified mean values for each of the digital audio files;
applying each said scale factor to each of said digital audio files respectively, the scale factors operable to adjust the identified mean levels of the audio files to the same level and adjust the audio files to a recording medium maximum level to create scaled digital audio files;
combining each of said scaled digital audio files into a single audio recording output as a digital file on a storage medium, such that
the single audio recording output may be played back.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said method is performed within a server device operatively coupled over a network to a client device; wherein said automatic digital audio mixing is resident on the server and initiated upon receiving one of said digital audio files from said client device.
9. The method of claim 7, further including receiving one of said digital audio files from a user.
10. A method for mixing two digital audio files, the method comprising:
inputting a first digital audio file in its entirety and a second digital audio file in its entirety;
calculating, by a digital processing unit, audio file characteristic values for the first and second digital audio files, the characteristic values operable to identify average values and peak absolute values for each of the two digital audio files;
generating first and second scale factors based on the audio file characteristic values including the average levels and peak absolute values for each of the digital audio files and a maximum value allowed by an output audio file format;
generating a first scaled digital audio file by applying the first scale factor to the originally input first digital audio file, the first scale factor operable to adjust the identified average level and peak absolute value of the first digital audio file;
generating a second scaled digital audio file, which has an output level that is substantially equivalent to an output level of the first scaled digital audio file, by applying the second scale factor to the originally input second digital audio file, the second scale factor operable to adjust the identified average level and peak absolute value of the second digital audio file;
generating a combined scaled digital audio file by combining the first scaled digital audio file and the second scaled digital audio file, such that the combined scaled digital audio file may be played back.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the said average levels are RMS averages of the first and second digital audio files.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the said scale factors are generated by the following formulae:
S1=K(P1+\u03b21*R1*P2(\u03b22*R2)) and S2=K(P2+\u03b22*R2*P1(\u03b21*R1))
where S1 and S2 are the scale factors to be applied to the first and second audio files, respectively, R1 and R2 are the calculated RMS characteristics from the first and second audio files, respectively, \u03b21 and \u03b22 are known constant values for the first and second audio files, respectively, P1 and P2 are the calculated peak absolute values from the first and second audio files, respectively and K is the maximum output signal level for the output file.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein each scale factor is based on a determined peak absolute value for each of said digital audio files.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein each scale factor is based on a determined root mean square for each of said digital audio files.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein each scale factor is based on a determined peak absolute value and a root mean square for each of said digital audio files.
16. The method of claim 1, further comprising bringing up an overall level of the single audio recording output to a maximum level.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein a peak of the overall level does not exceed a maximum level supported by a data format.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the single audio recording output is a modification of the at least two digital audio files and is unable to be divided back into the individual digital audio signals.
19. The method of claim 1,
wherein automatically determining scale factors comprises:
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files to generate at least one pre-processed digital audio file, and
determining a scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file; and
wherein applying each said scale factor includes applying said scale factor to each said pre-processed digital audio file to produce scaled digital audio files.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said method is performed within a server device operatively coupled over a network to a client device.
21. The method of claim 20, further including receiving at least one of said digital audio files from a user.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein said pre-processing comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
25. The method of claim 19, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
26. The method of claim 19, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying pitch correction to at least one of said digital audio files.
27. The method of claim 19, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
28. The method of claim 19, wherein identifying the peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for each of said digital audio files.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein identifying a mean level comprises identifying a root mean square for each of said digital audio files.
30. The method of claim 1,
wherein automatically determining scale factors comprises:
generating modified audio file characteristics for each said digital audio files,
determining a scale factor for each said digital audio file from said modified audio file characteristics, and
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files to generate at least one pre-processed digital audio file; and
wherein applying each said scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file comprises: applying said scale factors to each of said pre-processed digital audio files.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein said pre-processing further comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
33. The method of claim 30, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
34. The method of claim 30, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
35. The method of claim 30, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
36. The method of claim 30, wherein identifying a peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for each of said digital audio files.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein identifying a peak value comprises identifying a root mean square for each of said digital audio files.
38. The method of claim 1,
wherein automatically determining scale factors comprises:
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files during said analysis of the digital audio files to produce at least one pre-processed digital audio file, and
determining a scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file and for each said digital audio file, not having been pre-processed; and
wherein applying each said scale factor comprises: applying the scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file to each said pre-processed digital audio file to produce a scaled pre-processed digital audio file and the scale factor for each said digital audio file, not having been pre-processed, to each said digital audio file not having been pre-processed to produce a scaled digital audio file.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein said pre-processing comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
40. The method of claim 38, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
41. The method of claim 38, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
42. The method of claim 38, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
43. The method of claim 38, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying pitch correction to at least one of said digital audio files.
44. The method of claim 38, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
45. The method of claim 38, wherein identifying a peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for at least one of said digital audio files.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein identifying a mean level comprises identifying a root mean square for at least one of said digital audio files.
47. The apparatus of claim 4,
wherein the means for automatically determining scale factors is operable for:
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files to generate at least one pre-processed digital audio file, and
determining a scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file; and
wherein the means for applying is operable for: applying said scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file to each said pre-processed digital audio file to produce scaled digital audio files.
48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein said method is performed within a server device operatively coupled over a network to a client device.
49. The method of claim 47, further including receiving one of said digital audio files from a user.
50. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein said pre-processing comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
51. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
52. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
53. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying pitch correction to at least one of said digital audio files.
54. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
55. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein identifying the peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for at least one of said digital audio files.
56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein identifying the average value comprises identifying a root mean square for at least one of said digital audio files.
57. The apparatus of claim 4,
wherein the means for automatically determining scale factors is operable for:
modifying characteristics of said digital audio files to generate modified audio file characteristics;
determining a scale factor for said digital audio file from said modified audio file characteristics; and
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files to generate at least one pre-processed digital audio file.
58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying said scale factors to said digital audio files respectively.
59. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein said pre-processing further comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
60. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
61. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
62. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
63. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
64. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein identifying the peak value comprises a peak absolute value for at least one of said digital audio files.
65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein identifying the average value comprises identifying a root mean square for at least one of said digital audio files.
66. The apparatus of claim 4,
wherein the means for automatically determining scale factors is operable for:
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files during said analysis to produce at least one pre-processed digital audio file, and
determining a scale factor for said at least one pre-processed digital audio file and for each said digital audio file, not having been pre-processed;
wherein the means for applying said scale factor is operable for: applying the scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file to each said pre-processed digital audio file, to produce a scaled pre-processed digital audio file and applying the scale factor for each said digital audio file, not having been pre-processed, to each said digital audio file not having been pre-processed to produce a scaled digital audio file; and
wherein the means for combining is operable for: combining said scaled pre-processed digital audio files and said scaled digital audio files into a single digital audio file.
67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein said pre-processing comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
68. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
69. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
70. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
71. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying pitch correction to at least one of said digital audio files.
72. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
73. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein identifying the peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for at least one of said digital audio files.
74. The apparatus of claim 73, wherein identifying the average value comprises identifying a root mean square for at least one of said digital audio files.
75. The method of claim 7,
wherein automatically determining scale factors comprises:
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files to generate at least one pre-processed digital audio file, and
determining a scale factor for each said at least one pre-processed digital audio file; and
wherein applying each said scale factor comprises: applying said scale factor for each said at least one pre-processed digital audio file to said pre-processed digital audio files to produce scaled digital audio files.
76. The method of claim 75, wherein said method is performed within a server device operatively coupled over a network to a client device.
77. The method of claim 75, further including receiving one of said digital audio files from a user.
78. The method of claim 75, wherein said pre-processing comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
79. The method of claim 75, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
80. The method of claim 75, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
81. The method of claim 75, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
82. The method of claim 75, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying pitch correction to at least one of said digital audio files.
83. The method of claim 75, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
84. The method of claim 75, wherein identifying the peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for at least one of said digital audio files.
85. The method of claim 84, wherein identifying the mean level comprises a root mean square for at least one of said digital audio files.
86. The method of claim 7,
wherein automatically determining scale factors comprises:
determining characteristics for each said digital audio files;
modifying at least one of said characteristics of said digital audio files to generate modified audio file characteristics;
determining a scale factor for each said digital audio file from said modified audio file characteristics, and
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files to generate at least one pre-processed digital audio file; and
wherein applying each said scale factor comprises: applying said scale factors for each said digital audio file from said modified audio file characteristics to each of said pre-processed digital audio files.
87. The method of claim 86, wherein the at least one pre-processed digital audio file is a modified digital audio file.
88. The method of claim 86, wherein said pre-processing further comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
89. The method of claim 86, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
90. The method of claim 86, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
91. The method of claim 86, wherein said pre-processing further comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
92. The method of claim 86, wherein at least one of said digital audio files having a compressed format is expanded into a file having an uncompressed format.
93. The method of claim 87, wherein identifying the peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for at least one of said digital audio files.
94. The method of claim 93, wherein identifying the mean level comprises identifying a root mean square for at least one of said digital audio files.
95. The method of claim 7,
wherein automatically determining scale factors comprises:
pre-processing at least one of said digital audio files to produce at least one pre-processed digital audio file, and
determining a scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file and for each said digital audio file, not having been pre-processed;
wherein applying each said scale factor comprises: applying said scale factor for each said pre-processed digital audio file to each said pre-processed digital audio file, to produce a scaled pre-processed digital audio file and applying said scale factor for the said digital audio file not having been pre-processed to each said digital audio file not having been pre-processed to produce a scaled digital audio file; and
wherein combining each of said scaled digital audio files comprises: combining said scaled pre-processed digital audio files and said scaled digital audio files into a single digital audio file.
96. The method of claim 95, wherein said pre-processing comprises adding reverb to at least one of said digital audio files.
97. The method of claim 95, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying audio compression to at least one of said digital audio files.
98. The method of claim 95, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying stereo imaging to at least one of said digital audio files.
99. The method of claim 95, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying equalization to at least one of said digital audio files.
100. The method of claim 95, wherein said pre-processing comprises applying pitch correction to at least one of said digital audio files.
101. The method of claim 95, wherein identifying the peak value comprises identifying a peak absolute value for at least one of said digital audio files.
102. The method of claim 95, wherein identifying the mean level comprises identifying a root mean square for at least one of said digital audio files.
103. The method of claim 29, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
104. The method of claim 37, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi; represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri; is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si; represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
105. The method of claim 46, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
106. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
107. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi; represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
108. The apparatus of claim 74, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
109. The method of claim 85, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi; represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
110. The method of claim 94, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi; represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri; is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
111. The method of claim 102, wherein determination of said scale factors for N number of digital audio files, wherein N represents the number of audio files, \u03b2i represents a known constant value for each said digital audio file, Pi; represents the peak absolute value for each said digital audio file, Ri; is the root mean square value for each said digital audio file, K is a known constant, Si represents the calculated scale factor for each said digital audio file and i takes on an integer value from 1 to N, said scale factors being determined by the following equation,
P
1
P
2
P
3
\u2026
P
i
\u2026
P
N
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
–
\u03b2
2
\u2062
R
2
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
–
\u03b2
3
\u2062
R
3
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
0
–
\u03b2
i
\u2062
R
i
0
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
\u2026
0
\u2026
\u2026
\u03b2
1
\u2062
R
1
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
–
\u03b2
N
\u2062
R
N
\xd7
S
1
S
2
S
3
\u2026
S
i
\u2026
S
N
=
K
0
0
\u2026
0
\u2026
0
.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system comprising:
two rows of magnets wherein each row comprises a plurality of magnets having the same polarity for all of the magnets in that row and the two rows of magnets have opposite polarities so there is a mutual attraction between the two rows, one row being mounted on a stationary magnetic and electromagnets assembly with the magnets spaced longitudinally thereon and the other row being mounted on a rotational magnetic assembly with the magnets spaced longitudinally thereon, and wherein the two rows of magnets are arranged with different pitches, one row having one more magnet than the other to enable the rows to be indexed relative to each other and wherein the stationary magnetic and electromagnets assembly and the rotational magnetic assembly are spaced a uniform radial distance apart;
at least one electromagnet associated with each magnet of one row of magnets to selectively vary the magnetic field produced by the associated magnet; and
a control system to selectively energize the electromagnets to induce rotation of the rotational magnetic assembly and control speed of rotation of the rotational magnetic assembly.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a battery and wherein the control system selectively couples the battery to the electromagnets to initiate rotation.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the battery is a rechargeable battery and energy stored in the magnetic field generated during operation is recycled and used to recharge the battery.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is an electrical motor.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is an electrical generator.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the two rows of magnets are configured in a linear arrangement.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the two rows of magnets are arranged in a parallel magnet array wherein one row is in a straight line and the second row is staggered by a selected pitch.
8. The system of claim 1 wherein the control system comprises at least one incremental rotational encoder used to derive both RPM and instantaneous positional information in addition to rotational direction and to automatically compensate for accelerationdeceleration conditions.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the control system comprises a pair of rotary incremental encoders consisting of a relative encoder with an index output and an absolute rotary encoder.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the electromagnets are low resistancelow inductance electromagnets.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein the control system comprises:
a position sensor to provide rotational magnetic assembly positional information which is relative to the position of the stationary magnetic and electromagnets assembly and also to provide RPM, instantaneous speed, and directional information;
a user interface to provide operational controls consisting of one or more controls selected from among the group of controls consisting of OnOff, direction, RPM, operational parameters, test, diagnostic, and calibration functions;
electromagnet drivers comprising power transistorsFETs that control the current through the electromagnets and energy recovery circuitry utilized to increase power efficiency;
electromagnet current sensing circuitry which functions to obtain information from the electromagnet drivers and conditions that information and passes said conditioned information to digital control logic; and
wherein the digital control logic comprises a combination of a microcontroller with hard and programmable digital logic.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a power supply for the electromagnets.
13. The system of claim 1 wherein the control system produces pulse width modulation (PWM) to regulate the current through the electromagnets.
14. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a base plate;
a front tower mounted to the base plate;
a rear tower mounted to the base plate;
a main shaft rotatably supported by the front and rear towers;
wherein the rotational magnetic assembly is mounted to the main shaft and wherein respective ends of the rotational magnetic assembly are provided with a torque collar keyway that receives a key on the main shaft;
torque collars, shaft washers, and shaft nuts at the respective ends of the rotational magnetic assembly to secure the rotational magnetic assembly to the main shaft;
wherein the main shaft is rotatably mounted in bearings disposed in the front and rear towers;
wherein the front and rear towers are reinforced by a top tower support;
a keyway upper pulley and an upper gear belt pulley mounted to the main shaft;
an upper gear belt holding washer to maintain the upper gear belt pulley on the main shaft;
a lower gear belt pulley mounted to the shaft of an alternator secured to the base plate proximate the base of the front tower;
a gear belt to interconnect the upper and lower gear belt pulleys;
a shaft end play spacer mounted to the opposite end of the main shaft from the upper and lower gear belt pulleys;
one or more encoders mounted to the main shaft;
wherein the stationary magnetic and electromagnets assembly and control system are mounted to each side of the front and rear towers.
15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
electronic controls and an inverter connected to the alternator and mounted to the base plate;
inverter cables to electrically connect the alternator to the inverter; and
a rechargeable battery connected to the inverter and mounted to the base plate.