1. A phase monitor for monitoring a phase error in a delay interferometer in a branch in a D8PSK optical receiver including first through fourth branches each of which includes a delay interferometer, a balanced optical detector and a data recovery circuit for the delay interferometer, comprising:
a multiplier unit for multiplying a signal obtained from an earlier stage of the data recovery circuit of one of the branches in a pair by a signal obtained from a later stage of the data recovery circuit of the other one of the branches; and
an averaging circuit for averaging signals output from the multiplier unit.
2. The phase monitor according to claim 1, wherein:
the signals obtained from the earlier and later stages of the data recovery circuits are input to the multiplier unit after being passed through low pass filters.
3. A control device using the phase monitor according to claim 1, comprising:
a control unit for controlling phases of the four delay interferometers such that output from the averaging circuit is zero.
4. The phase monitor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a determination unit for obtaining signals from later stages of the respective data recovery circuits, and for determining whether or not signals of a first branch pair of the first and the second branches and signals of a second branch pair of the third and the fourth branches are in a relationship in which the signals in each pair are equal to each other or one signal is a signal whose sign is inverted sign of the other signal in each pair.
5. The phase monitor according to claim 4, wherein:
the determination unit includes:
a first exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a first branch and a signal of a third branch;
a second exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a first branch and a signal of a fourth branch;
a third exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal obtained by logically inverting a signal of a first branch and a signal of a third branch;
a fourth exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal obtained by logically inverting a signal of a first branch and a signal of a fourth branch; and
an AND circuit for performing an AND operation of the signals of the respective results of the exclusive OR operations.
6. The phase monitor according to claim 5, comprising:
a filter for averaging outputs of the AND circuit.
7. The phase monitor according to claim 4, wherein:
the determination unit includes:
a first exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a first branch and a signal of a third branch;
a second exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a first branch and a signal of a fourth branch;
a third exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a second branch and a signal of a third branch;
a fourth exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a second branch and a signal of a fourth branch;
a first AND circuit for performing an AND operation of output signals of the first through fourth exclusive OR circuits;
a fifth exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a first branch and a signal obtained by logically inverting a signal of a third branch;
a sixth exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a first branch and a signal obtained by logically inverting a signal of a fourth branch;
a seventh exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a second branch and a signal obtained by logically inverting a signal of a third branch;
an eighth exclusive OR circuit for performing an exclusive OR operation of a signal of a second branch and a signal obtained by logically inverting a signal of a fourth branch;
a second AND circuit for performing an AND operation of output signals of the fifth through eighth exclusive OR circuits; and
a third AND circuit for performing an AND operation of outputs of the first AND circuit and the second AND circuit.
8. The phase monitor according to claim 7, comprising:
a filter for averaging outputs of the third AND circuit.
9. A control device using the phase monitor according to claim 4, comprising:
a control unit for shifting, by \u03c04, amounts of phase of the two interferometers of the first branch pair or of the two interferometers of the second branch pair when it is determined that the signals of the first branch pair and the signals of the second branch pair are in a relationship in which the signals in each pair are equal to each other or one signal is a signal whose sign is inverted sign of the other signal in each pair.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A childproof closure for a dispensing apparatus comprising a dispensing apparatus having a first bayonet fastening means, a closure having a second bayonet fastening means, wherein one of the two bayonet fastening means has bayonet lugs which can be introduced into corresponding socket elements of the other bayonet fastening means, and both bayonet fastening means have coding elements for a preset alignment of the closure and of the dispensing apparatus,
further wherein
the closure consists essentially of a closure element having first engagement elements and a securing cap at least partly covering the closure element and having engagement elements; the securing cap and the closure element are connected cohesively strongly, but rotatably with respect to one another by means of shape-matched elements; and the securing cap is configured at least partly elastically deformably such that the first and second engagement elements can be brought into engagement with one another by pressing the securing cap toward the closure element wherein the shape-matched elements of the closure element and of the securing cap are tongue and groove connection elements; and wherein the closure element is a beaker-like element having a hollow cylindrical part and a base and has a radially outwardly extending saw tooth structure at at least a part of the outer surface of its base; the securing cap is a beaker-like element having a hollow cylindrical part and a base, wherein the inner side of the base of the securing cap has a radially outwardly extending saw tooth structure which can engage into the saw tooth structure of the closure element.
2. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the securing cap represents a beaker-like element which is configured such that it can be pushed over the closure element.
3. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the securing cap is a beaker-like element which can be pushed over the closure element and which has a hollow cylindrical part and a base, wherein the securing cap has second engagement elements at its inner side.
4. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the securing cap is dimensioned such that the securing cap pushed over the closure element is freely rotatable in the mechanically non-stressed state with respect to the closure element.
5. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the engagement elements have a saw tooth structure.
6. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the closure element has a peripheral or sector-like latch groove extending transversely to its concentric longitudinal axis, and the securing cap has at least one spring element which can engage elastically into the latch groove of the closure element and is molded to the securing cap.
7. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the securing cap has a peripheral or sector-like grove extending transversely to its concentric longitudinal axis; and the closure element has at least one spring element which can engage elastically into the groove of the securing cap and which is molded to the closure element.
8. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the dispensing apparatus is a multicomponent cartridge, in particular a two-component cartridge.
9. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the socket elements represent ring-like or sector-like elements having an undercut for the at least partial shape-matched reception of the bayonet lugs.
10. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 9, wherein the coding elements are formed by cut-outs at the socket elements and bayonet lugs of different widths such that the bayonet lugs of the closure element or of the dispensing apparatus can be introduced in only one specific position with respect to the cut-outs of the ring-like or sector-like socket elements.
11. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the socket elements and the dispensing apparatus are configured in one piece in the form of a molded body, and the bayonet lugs are molded in one piece in the form of a molded body to the closure element.
12. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the socket elements and the closure element are configured in one piece in the form of a molded body, and the bayonet lugs are molded in one piece in the form of a molded body to the dispensing apparatus.
13. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the closure element has radially projecting segment-like bayonet lugs at the merging of its jacket surface directed toward the dispensing apparatus transversely to its concentric longitudinal axis.
14. A childproof closure in accordance with claim 1, wherein the securing cap is made completely of plastic.