What is claimed is:
1. A newborn infant composition comprising one or more probiotic organisms and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said probiotic organism is selected from the group consisting of a lactobacillus and bifidobacteria.
3. A newborn infant composition comprising one or more probiotic organisms isolated from the intestinal flora of said infant’s mother and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
4. A method of treating an infection in a newborn comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more isolated probiotic organisms and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to an infant in need of such treatment.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said probiotic is isolated exogenously.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein said probiotic is isolated from the intestinal flora of said newborn’s mother.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein said probiotic is administered orally.
8. The method of claim 4 wherein said probiotic is administered rectally.
9. The method of claim 4 wherein said probiotic is administered intravenously.
10. The method of claim 4 wherein said probiotic is administered topically.
11. The method of claim 4 wherein said infection is intestinal.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said intestinal infection is enterocolitis.
13. A method of colonizing gastrointestinal flora in newborns comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one probiotic organism and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of at least one second probiotic organism.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein said probiotic organism is a Lactobacillus.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein said second probiotic organism is a Bifidobacterium.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein said probiotic organism is selected from the group consisting of L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. casei, L reuteri, L. crispatus, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, L. cellobiosis, L. brevis, L. delbrueckii, L. helveticus, L. salivarius, L. collinoides, L. buchneri, L. rogosae, or L. bifidum.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein said second probiotic organism is selected from the group consisting of B. bifidum, B. adolescentis, B. infantis, B. pseudolongum, B. angulatum, B. catenulatum or B. longum.
19. A method of enhancing protective gastrointestinal flora in newborns comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one probiotic organism and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electric drive vehicle comprising:
an induction motor for braking or driving wheels;
a motor controller for controlling the induction motor; and
mechanical brakes for braking the wheels,
wherein while the vehicle is in halt, the motor controller applies DC voltage to a stator of the induction motor to make the induction motor generate torque for stopping the vehicle and maintain the vehicle in a halt state.
2. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical breaks are not operating while the vehicle is maintained in the halt state by the torque generated by the induction motor.
3. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle starts, a frequency of the voltage applied to the stator of the induction motor is raised at a predetermined rate.
4. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle in roll stops, a frequency of the voltage applied to the stator of the induction motor is lowered at a predetermined rate.
5. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is equipped with an accelerator pedal, the motor controller is equipped with a current controller, and a current command supplied to the current controller changes with an opening degree of the accelerator pedal.
6. An electric drive vehicle comprising:
an induction motor for braking or driving wheels;
a motor controller for controlling the induction motor; and
mechanical brakes for braking the wheels,
wherein while the vehicle is in halt, the motor controller applies AC voltage in a frequency range of \u22121 Hz to +1 Hz to a stator of the induction motor to make the induction motor generate torque for stopping the vehicle and maintain the vehicle in a halt state.
7. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the mechanical breaks are not operating while the vehicle is maintained in the halt state by the torque generated by the induction motor.
8. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 6, wherein when the vehicle starts, a frequency of the voltage applied to the stator of the induction motor is raised at a predetermined rate.
9. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 6, wherein when the vehicle in roll stops, a frequency of the voltage applied to the stator of the induction motor is lowered at a predetermined rate.
10. The electric drive vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the vehicle is equipped with an accelerator pedal, the motor controller is equipped with a current controller, and a current command supplied to the current controller changes with an opening degree of the accelerator pedal.
11. An electric drive vehicle comprising:
an induction motor for braking or driving wheels;
a motor controller for controlling the induction motor; and
mechanical brakes for braking the wheels,
wherein when the vehicle starts in a state that the vehicle is in halt on a sloped road while the mechanical brakes are operating, the vehicle starts after the mechanical brakes are released.