1. A dual-aperture camera comprising:
a) a first camera module including a first voice coil motor (VCM) actuator coupled to a first lens barrel, the first VCM actuator operable to change a position of the first lens barrel in a given direction;
b) a second camera module including a second VCM actuator coupled to a second lens barrel, the second VCM actuator operable to change a position of the second lens module in the given direction; and
c) a magnetic shield plate fixedly positioned between the first and second camera modules, whereby the magnetic shield plate shields magnetically each VCM actuator from magnetic interference by the other VCM actuator during operation.
2. The dual-aperture camera of claim 1, wherein the first and second camera modules have identical lengths and heights and wherein the plate has a length and a height no greater than the camera modules length and height.
3. The dual-aperture camera of claim 1, wherein the first camera module has a larger length and a larger height than the second camera module and wherein the plate has a length and a height no greater than the first camera module length and height.
4. The dual-aperture camera of claim 2, wherein the magnetic shield plate has a thickness d between 0.4-0.6 mm.
5. The dual-aperture camera of claim 3, wherein the magnetic shield plate has a thickness d between 0.4-0.6 mm.
6. The dual-aperture camera of claim 2, wherein each camera module length is between 5-15 mm and wherein each camera module height is between 3-12 mm.
7. The dual-aperture camera of claim 3, wherein the first camera module length is between 5-15 mm and wherein the first camera module height is between 3-12 mm.
8. The dual-aperture camera of claim 2, wherein each camera module length is between 8-10 mm and wherein each camera module height is between 3-6 mm.
9. The dual-aperture camera of claim 3, wherein the first camera module length is between 8-10 mm and wherein the first camera module height is between 3-6 mm.
10. The dual-aperture camera of claim 2, wherein each camera module length is between 8-10 mm and wherein each camera module height is between 4-8 mm.
11. The dual-aperture camera of claim 3, wherein the first camera module length is between 8-10 mm and wherein the first camera module height is between 4-8 mm.
12. The dual-aperture camera of claim 4, wherein each camera module length is between 5-15 mm and wherein each camera module height is between 3-12 mm.
13. The dual-aperture camera of claim 5, wherein the first camera module length is between 5-15 mm and wherein the first camera module height is between 3-12 mm.
14. The dual-aperture camera of claim 2, wherein the shield plate includes a material selected from the group consisting of grey iron and FeCo.
15. The dual-aperture camera of claim 3, wherein the shield plate includes a material selected from the group consisting of grey iron and FeCo.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A nucleic acid structure complex comprising a nucleic acid comprising a hybridization region that is double stranded; at least one Raman-active molecule attached to the nucleic acid and at least one metal particle attached to the nucleic acid.
2. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid is configured as a polyhedron.
3. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 2, wherein the polyhedron has three or more sides, and at least a portion of the sides of the polyhedron are provided by double stranded regions of the nucleic acid.
4. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 3, wherein the polyhedron has two or more vertices, and metal particles are adhered to the vertices.
5. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 4, wherein the polyhedron is a tetrahedron, an octahedron, a dodecahedron, a trigonal bipyramid, or a bipyramid.
6. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid structure complex further comprises a linker compound, and the metal particle is attached to the nucleic acid by the linker compound.
7. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 1, wherein the metal particle is Au (gold), Ag (silver), Cu (copper), Na (sodium), Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Pt (platinum), Ru (ruthenium), Pd (palladium), Fe (iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), or a combination thereof.
8. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 1, wherein the metal particle is chemically reduced or is subjected to laser ablation.
9. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 1, wherein the Raman-active molecule comprises cyanine, fluorescein, rhodamine, NBD (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole), phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, cresyl fast violet, cresyl blue violet, brilliant cresyl blue, para-aminobenzoic acid, erythrosine, biotin, digoxigenin, phthalocyanine, azomethine, xanthine, N,N,-diethyl-4-(5\u2032-azobenzotriazolyl)-phenylamine, aminoacridine, or a combination thereof.
10. The nucleic acid structure complex of claim 1, further comprising a material formed of organic molecules, inorganic molecules, or biomolecules on a surface of the metal particle.
11. A method of preparing a nucleic acid structure complex, the method comprising:
providing one or more oligonucleotides comprising one or more pairs of complementary nucleotide sequences;
hybridizing the complementary nucleotide sequences of the one or more oligonucleotides to form a nucleic acid structure; and
attaching metal particles to the nucleic acid structure to provide a nucleic acid structure complex.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the nucleic acid structure is a polyhedral nucleic acid structure.
13. A method of detecting a target material, the method comprising:
exposing a nucleic acid structure complex of claim 1 to a sample comprising a target material; and
detecting a Raman signal using Raman spectroscopy, wherein detection of a Raman signal indicates the presence of the target material in the sample.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the nucleic acid structure complex comprises a targeting moiety that specifically binds to a target material.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises, after exposing the nucleic acid structure complex to the sample, separating the nucleic acid structure complex bound to the target material from unbound nucleic acid structure complex, and detecting nucleic acid structure complex bound to the target material by a Raman signal.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the nucleic acid structure complex further comprises a functional group that binds a target material or a sequence complementary to a target nucleic acid sequence.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the nucleic acid structure complex further comprises a first material that specifically binds a target material.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first material is a protein or an antibody.
19. The method of claim 16, further comprising exposing the nucleic acid comprising a sequence complementary to a target nucleic acid sequence to a sample comprising the target nucleic acid.
20. The method of claim 13, further comprising exposing a sample comprising a target material to a support comprising a second material, wherein the second material specifically binds to the target material.