1. A central control system of air conditioners, comprising:
a multi-unit type air conditioning system including a plurality of indoor units for air conditioning installed in rooms of a building and an outdoor unit for circulation of refrigerant, said outdoor unit being shared by the plurality of indoor units;
a power meter, connected to the outdoor unit, for measuring power consumption of the multi-unit type air conditioning system when the multi-unit type air condition system operates; and
a central controller for calculating respective power consumption of the indoor units based on both the power consumption measured by the power meter and operation information of the multi-unit type air condition system, and for displaying the calculated respective power consumptions of the indoor units,
wherein said central controller includes:
an air conditioner communicator for transmitting and receiving signals to and from the multi-unit type air conditioning system and the power meter via a communication line;
a database for storing equipment information of the indoor and outdoor units of the multi-unit type air conditioning system;
an air conditioner controller configured to control operations of the multi-unit type air conditioning system and to allow display of respective power consumptions of the indoor units calculated based on the current operation information of the multi-unit type air conditioning system and the equipment information stored in the database;
an electricity charge calculator configured to calculate respective electricity charges of the indoor units based on the respective power consumptions of the indoor unit units calculated by the air conditioner controller; and
a display configured to display the respective electricity charges of the indoor units calculated by the electricity charge calculator or displaying the respective electricity charges of the indoor units calculated by the air conditioner controller.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the indoor and outdoor units are connected via an RS-485 protocol based communication line.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the power meter is connected with the outdoor unit via an RS-485 protocol based communication line.
4. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a bridge for mutual protocol conversion of signals transmitted and received between the central controller based on an Ethernet protocol, and the outdoor unit and the power meter, based on an RS-485 protocol.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller further includes a control program operator for executing a control program, said control program interfacing with a user for controlling operations of the multi-unit type air conditioning system and for managing power thereof.
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the control program operator includes a power division module whereby current power consumption, monthly power consumption and accumulated power consumption of the multi-unit type air conditioning system, and electricity charges calculated respectively for the indoor units thereof are displayed.
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the control program operator further includes:
a control module for controlling operations and monitoring states of the multi-unit type air condition system;
a schedule management module for managing an operating schedule of the multi-unit type air conditioning system; and
a peak power management module for managing peak power consumption of the multi-unit type air condition system for controlling the peak power consumption when the multi-type air conditioning system operates to be below a predetermined level.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller further includes an input unit that receives a control command for controlling operations of the multi-unit type air conditioning system and transfer the received control command to the air conditioner controller.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the input includes a touch screen configured to accept touch input, said display being integrated into said touch screen.
10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller includes an Internet modem configured for connection with an Internet.
11. A method for operating a central control system of air conditioners, said central control system including a central controller configured for performing central control of a multi-unit type air conditioning system including a plurality of indoor units and an outdoor unit connected thereto via a network, said method comprising:
receiving, by the central controller, information of power consumption of the multi-unit type air conditioning system from a power meter, the power consumption being measured by the power meter;
receiving, via the outdoor unit, operation information of the multi-unit type air conditioning system;
calculating respective power consumption of the indoor units based on the operation information of the multi-unit type air conditioning system and equipment information previously stored in a database; and
displaying the calculated respective power consumption of the indoor units,
wherein the displaying includes:
calculating respective electricity charges of the indoor units based on the calculated respective power consumptions of the indoor units; and
displaying the calculated respective electricity charges of the indoor units.
12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising connecting the indoor units and the outdoor unit via an RS-485 protocol based communication line.
13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising connecting the power meter with the outdoor unit via an RS-485 protocol based communication line.
14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising converting signals transmitted and received between the central controller, based on an Ethernet protocol, and the outdoor unit and the power meter, based on an RS-485 protocol.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of fabricating a layer of material that is at least partially relaxed for electronics, optoelectronics or photovoltaics comprising:
a) supplying a structure that includes a layer of strained material situated between a reflow layer and a stiffener layer;
b) applying a heat treatment that brings the reflow layer to a temperature equal to or greater than the glass transition temperature of said reflow layer, wherein the thickness of the stiffener layer is progressively reduced during the heat treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is applied to the entire structure.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the structure includes a support substrate on which the reflow layer is situated.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the material of the stiffener layer is monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reduction of the thickness of the stiffener layer is carried out by dry etching.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the etching includes gas phase chemical reaction etching.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming islands of material in the layer of strained material before heat treatment.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the island forming step is carried out by at least one of etching and electromagnetic irradiation.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein patterns aligned with the islands are formed in at least a portion of the thickness of the reflow layer.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of strained material is formed by:
a) depositing the strained material layer on a nucleation substrate;
b) assembling the strained material layer and the support substrate by way of the reflow layer; and
c) forming the stiffening layer.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the stiffener layer is formed at least in part by partially removing the nucleation substrate.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the nucleation substrate is completely removed, and wherein the stiffener layer is formed by deposition on the strained material layer.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the nucleation substrate is removed by splitting.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the nucleation substrate is removed by splitting.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the stiffener layer is reduced until the stiffener layer is completely removed.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein heat treatment is continued after the stiffener layer is completely removed.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the reflow layer includes at least one low-viscosity material.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the low viscosity material includes borophosphosilicate glass.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the borophosphosilicate glass includes between 3% and 7% boron.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the borophosphosilicate glass includes between 3% and 5% boron.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein heat treatment is carried out between 750\xb0 C. and 1050\xb0 C.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein heat treatment is carried out between 850\xb0 C. and 950\xb0 C.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein the stiffener layer includes at least one of polycrystalline silicon, germanium and a IIIN material.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the strained material layer is a monocrystalline IIIN material.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the strained material includes InGaN.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the stiffener layer includes GaN, the strained material layer includes InGaN, and the etching of the stiffener layer is carried out in an atmosphere including HCl.
27. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming at least one active layer on the at least partially relaxed material layer.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the active layer includes at least one of laser components, photovoltaic components and electroluminescent diodes.
29. The method of claim 27, further comprising transfering the layer of at least partially relaxed material onto a final substrate before forming the at least one active layer.
30. The method of claim 27, wherein the at leat one active layer is formed on the layer of at least partially relaxed material, and wherein the glass transition temperature of the reflow layer is greater than the temperature for forming the at least one active layer.
31. The method of claim 27, wherein the layer of at least partially relaxed material includes a IIIN material, the at least one active layer includes a IIIN material, and the formation of the at least one active layer is carried out by epitaxy on a face of polarity of the III element of the material from the layer of at least partially relaxed material.