1. A method for determining a position of arrangement of a patch in a patch image, comprising:
a setting step, of setting kinds of patches included in the patch image in response to an instruction by a user;
a selection step, of selecting an arrangement patch from the patches set in said setting step;
a determination step, of determining an arrangement nonpermission area of the arrangement patch based on the position of the already arranged patch; and
an arrangement step, of arranging the arrangement patch in an area other than the arrangement nonpermission area,
wherein said method causes execution of said selection step, said determination step, and said arrangement step to all the patches set in said setting step.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement nonpermission area includes an area in which the patch has already been arranged and an area which is set based on a patch highly correlated with the arrangement patch and which highly correlates with the arrangement patch.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the area which highly correlates with the arrangement patch is an area which has predetermined widths, respectively, in a main scan direction and a sub-scan direction.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein
said setting step includes setting a number of same patches to be arranged, and
said patch image preparation method includes repeating said selection step, said determination step, and said arrangement step on the basis of the number set in said setting step.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, when the arrangement patch cannot be arranged in the area other than the arrangement nonpermission area, the arrangement patch is arranged within the arrangement nonpermission area.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the patch image is used to judge a color reproduction characteristic of an output device of outputting said patch image.
7. A program stored on a computer readable medium, for performing, by a computer, a method for determining a position of arrangement of a patch in a patch image, said method comprising:
a setting step, of setting kinds of patches included in the patch image in response to an instruction by a user;
a selection step, of selecting an arrangement patch from the patches set in said setting step;
a determination step, of determining an arrangement nonpermission area of the arrangement patch based on the position of the already arranged patch; and
an arrangement step, of arranging the arrangement patch in an area other than the arrangement nonpermission area,
wherein said method causes executing said selection step, said determination step, and said arrangement step to all the patches set in said setting step.
8. An apparatus for determining a position of arrangement of a patch in a patch image, comprising:
a setting unit, adapted to set kinds of patches included in the patch image in response to an instruction by a user;
a selection unit, adapted to select an arrangement patch from the patches set by said setting unit;
a determination unit, adapted to determine an arrangement nonpermission area of the arrangement patch based on the position of the already arranged patch; and
an arrangement unit, adapted to arrange the arrangement patch in an area other than the arrangement nonpermission area,
wherein said apparatus causes execution of said selection unit, said determination unit, and said arrangement unit to all the patches set by said setting unit.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A piston engine, comprising:
at least one cylinder that has at least a first discharge valve and a second discharge valve; and
a double overhead camshaft for controlling the first and a second discharge valves,
wherein the double overhead camshaft includes an inner shaft, which has at least one first cam for controlling the first discharge valve, and an outer shaft that is coaxial to said first inner shaft and has at least one second cam for controlling the second discharge valve, and
wherein the inner shaft and the outer shaft are rotationally adjustable relative to one another to change the discharge timing of the first and second discharge valves.
2. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, further comprising: an exhaust gas turbocharger having a turbine arranged in an exhaust-gas line of the piston engine; and
a control device, wherein the control device controls an adjusting device for rotational adjustment of a relative rotational position between the inner and outer shafts, and
the control device shifts to at least one of advance and retard the opening time of at least one of the first discharge valve and the second discharge valve to accelerate the turbine.
3. The piston engine as specified in claim 2, wherein the control device adjusts the opening time of the first and second discharge valves in a range approximately between 30% to 90% of an expansion stroke of a stroke-adjustable piston in the at least one cylinder to accelerate the turbine.
4. The piston engine as specified in claim 3, wherein the control device synchronously actuates the first and second discharge valves to an open position.
5. The piston engine as specified in claim 2, wherein the control device actuates at least one of the first and second discharge valves to an open position earlier than the unopened first or second discharge valve, the opening time of which is in a recompression stroke of a stroke-adjustable piston in the at least one cylinder.
6. The piston engine as specified in claim 5, wherein the control device shifts the opening time of the first and second discharge valves, such that both of the first and second discharge valves open synchronously.
7. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, wherein the opening time of both of the first and second discharge valves are at least one of smaller than a 240\xb0 crankshaft angle, smaller than a 200\xb0 crankshaft angle and smaller than a 180\xb0 crankshaft angle.
8. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, wherein all cylinders of the piston engine have the first and second discharge valves that are separately controllable by the shafts of the double overhead camshaft.
9. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, wherein the number of cylinders, both discharge valves of which cylinders being separately controllable by the inner and outer shafts of the double overhead camshaft, is less than the total number of cylinders of the piston engine.
10. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, further comprising: at least one fast-switching valve that is arranged upstream from the first and second discharge valves and in a line, which conducts fresh gas, of the piston engine;
a control device is provided for controlling the at least one fast-switching valve; and
each cylinder includes at least one of a separate fast-switching valve and a common fast-switching valve.
11. The piston engine as specified in claim 10, wherein the control device of the fast-switching valve is controlled as a function of a current operational state of the piston engine to realize at least one of a pulse charging, a de-throttling, a cold charging and a hot charging.
12. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, wherein a fresh-gas line supplying the cylinders is at least one of unthrottled and de-throttled.
13. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, further comprising: an injection arrangement for injecting fuel into the cylinder; and
a control device for controlling the injection arrangement,
the control device shifts the injection time to accelerate the turbine.
14. The piston engine as specified in claim 13, wherein the control device in a spark-ignited engine shifts to retard the combustion position of centre of gravity through multiple injections to increase the exhaust-gas enthalpy in comparison with a conventional position of centre of gravity to accelerate the turbine.
15. The piston engine as specified in claim 1, further comprising an ignition device for igniting a fuel-fresh gas mixture in the respective cylinder; and,
a control device is provided for controlling the ignition device,
the control device shifts the ignition time to accelerate the turbine.
16. The piston engine as specified in claim 2, wherein the opening time of both of the first and second discharge valves are at least one of smaller than a 240\xb0 crankshaft angle, smaller than a 200\xb0 crankshaft angle and smaller than a 180\xb0 crankshaft angle.
17. The piston engine as specified in claim 3, wherein the opening time of both of the first and second discharge valves are at least one of smaller than a 240\xb0 crankshaft angle, smaller than a 200\xb0 crankshaft angle and smaller than a 180\xb0 crankshaft angle.
18. The piston engine as specified in claim 4, wherein the opening time of both of the first and second discharge valves are at least one of smaller than a 240\xb0 crankshaft angle, smaller than a 200\xb0 crankshaft angle and smaller than a 180\xb0 crankshaft angle.
19. The piston engine as specified in claim 5, wherein the opening time of both of the first and second discharge valves are at least one of smaller than a 240\xb0 crankshaft angle, smaller than a 200\xb0 crankshaft angle and smaller than a 180\xb0 crankshaft angle.
20. The piston engine as specified in claim 6, wherein the opening time of both of the first and second discharge valves are at least one of smaller than a 240\xb0 crankshaft angle, smaller than a 200\xb0 crankshaft angle and smaller than a 180\xb0 crankshaft angle.