1. A method of manufacturing a biosensor which comprises an electrically insulating base plate, an electrode system including a measuring electrode and a counter electrode formed on the base plate, and a reaction reagent system including at least an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator as reagents, wherein the reagents of the reaction reagent system are present as a reaction layer structure that comprises at least one reaction layer and is formed on or in the vicinity of the electrode system,
said method comprising the step of forming a specific reaction layer of the reaction layer structure that contains at least one specific reagent of the reaction reagent system, said step comprising:
(1) dissolving the at least one specific reagent in a solvent of a sublimable substance to prepare a solution;
(2) applying the solution in a desired area to form the specific reaction layer;
(3) freezing the applied solution; and
(4) sublimating the solvent included in a solid matter of the frozen solution under reduced pressure for removal.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the specific reaction layer contains all the reagents of the reaction reagent system.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the reaction layer structure comprises a plurality of reaction layers and only the specific reaction layer contains the at least one specific reagent of the reaction reagent system.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1, said method comprising the step of forming a stack of plural reaction layers as the reaction layer structure, wherein the at least one specific reagent of the reaction reagent system is contained only in an upper-most reaction layer of the stack,
said step comprising:
pre-forming the stack of plural reaction layers except the upper-most reaction layer;
dissolving the at least one specific reagent in a solvent of a sublimable substance to prepare a solution and applying the solution on the pre-formed stack of plural reaction layers without the upper-most reaction layer;
freezing the applied solution; and
sublimating the solvent included in a solid matter of the frozen solution under reduced pressure for removal.
5. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said biosensor further comprises a cover member, which is joined with the base plate to define a sample solution supply pathway, through which a sample solution flows to the electrode system, the reaction layer structure is exposed to the sample solution supply pathway, and at least one reaction layer of the reaction layer structure is formed on the cover member.
6. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least a lower-most reaction layer of the reaction layer structure includes a hydrophilic polymer.
7. The method in accordance with claim 3, wherein said oxidoreductase is an enzyme functioning as a catalyst of the oxidation reaction of cholesterol, and said electron mediator is contained in another reaction layer different from a reaction layer containing said enzyme.
8. The method in accordance with claim 3, wherein said oxidoreductase is an enzyme functioning as a catalyst of the oxidation reaction of cholesterol, and the layer containing said enzyme further contains a surface active agent.
9. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electron mediator is potassium ferricyanide.
10. The method in accordance with claims 3, wherein said at least one specific reagent of the reaction reagent system is an oxidoreductase or potassium ferricyanide which is an electron mediator.
11. A method of manufacturing a biosensor which comprises an electrically insulating base plate, an electrode system including a measuring electrode and a counter electrode formed on said base plate, and a reaction reagent system including at least an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator, wherein reagents of said reaction reagent system are included in one or more reaction layers formed on or in the vicinity of the electrode system,
said method comprising the step of forming said one or more reaction layers, said step comprising:
dissolving said reagents in a solvent of a sublimable substance to prepare a solution;
applying the solution in a desired area to form said one or more reaction layers;
freezing the applied solution; and
sublimating the solvent included in a solid matter of the frozen solution under reduced pressure for removal.
12. The method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said biosensor further comprises a cover member, which is joined with the base plate to define a sample solution supply pathway, through which a sample solution flows to the electrode system, the reaction layer structure is exposed to the sample solution supply pathway, and at least one reaction layer of the reaction layer structure is formed on the cover member.
13. A method of manufacturing a biosensor which comprises an electrically insulating base plate, an electrode system including a measuring electrode and a counter electrode formed on said base plate, and a reaction reagent system including at least an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator, wherein reagents of said reaction reagent system are included in a plurality of reaction layers formed on or in the vicinity of the electrode system, and only a specific reaction layer of the plurality of reaction layers contains at least one specific reagent of said reaction reagent system,
said method comprising the step of forming said specific reaction layer, said step comprising:
dissolving the at least one specific reagent in a solvent of a sublimable substance to prepare a solution;
applying the solution in a desired area to form the reaction layer;
freezing the applied solution; and
sublimating the solvent included in a solid matter of the frozen solution under reduced pressure for removal.
14. The method in accordance with claim 13, wherein said biosensor further comprises a cover member, which is joined with the base plate to define a sample solution supply pathway, through which a sample solution flows to the electrode system, the reaction layer structure is exposed to the sample solution supply pathway, and at least one reaction layer of the reaction layer structure is formed on the cover member.
15. A method of manufacturing a biosensor which comprises an electrically insulating base plate, an electrode system including a measuring electrode and a counter electrode formed on said base plate, and a reaction reagent system including at least an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator, wherein reagents of said reaction reagent system are included in one or more reaction layers formed on or in the vicinity of the electrode system, and at least one specific reagent of said reaction reagent system is contained only in an upper-most layer of a specific reaction layer comprising a stack of layers,
said method comprising the step of forming said specific reaction layer, said step comprising:
pre-forming the stack of layers except the upper-most layer;
dissolving the at least one specific reagent in a solvent of a sublimable substance to prepare a solution;
applying the solution on the pre-formed stack of layers without the upper-most layer;
freezing the applied solution; and
sublimating the solvent included in a solid matter of the frozen solution under reduced pressure for removal.
16. The method in accordance with claim 15, wherein said biosensor further comprises a cover member, which is joined with the base plate to define a sample solution supply pathway, through which a sample solution flows to the electrode system, the reaction layer structure is exposed to the sample solution supply pathway, and at least one reaction layer of the reaction layer structure is formed on the cover member.
17. A biosensor manufactured by the method of claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A burner arrangement for the combustion of a fuel gasoxygen mixture, characterized by a body permeable for the mixture whose surface regions defining the free cross section of flow are covered with an oxidation catalyst, by a feeder device arranged on an intake side of the body permeable for the mixture which distributes the mixture over at least essentially the entire active intake area of the intake side and by a layer coordinated with the feeder device and separating the catalytic combustion zone of the permeable body from the mixture inflow, but permeable for it, which serves as a flashback safety.
2. A burner arrangement as in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the permeable layer is at a distance from the intake side of the permeable body.
3. A burner arrangement as in claim 1 characterized by the fact that an electrical ignition device is provided.
4. A burner arrangement as in claim 3, characterized by the fact that the electrical ignition arrangement is arranged on the outlet side of the permeable body.
5. A burner arrangement as in claim 4, characterized by the fact that the ignition device is selected from the group consisting of the following devices: spark gap, resistor, and piezoelectric igniter.
6. A burner arrangement as in claim 1, characterized by the fact that a heat sink is provided on the outlet side of the permeable body which heat sink receives radiant heat from the permeable body.
7. A burner arrangement as in claim 1, characterized by the fact that on the side of the feeder device facing away from the permeable body, another body permeable for the mixture is provided whose surface regions defining the free cross section of flow are also covered with an oxidation catalyst, in which case another layer separating the catalytic combustion zone of the other permeable body from the inflowing mixture, but permeable to it is provided which serves as a flashback safety.
8. A burner arrangement as in claim 7, characterized by the fact that the feeder device assures both the inflow of the mixture to the first named permeable body and also the inflow of the mixture to the other permeable body.
9. A burner arrangement as in claim 7, characterized by the fact that feeder devices are provided for each of the permeable bodies and formed on opposite sides of a separating wall, which displays inlets for the components of the mixture on one or more lateral side or sides with respect to the flow direction through the permeable body.
10. A burner arrangement as in claim 9, characterized by the fact that the separating wall is slanted relative to the direction of flow through the permeable bodies and as a result forms for each permeable body a tapering inlet space which promotes the distribution of the inflowing gas mixture over the intake area.
11. A burner arrangement as in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the permeable body is a metallic structure.
12. A burner arrangement as in claim 11, characterized by the fact that the metallic structure is selected from the group consisting of: a wire braid, and a metal foam.
13. A burner arrangement as in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the permeable body has a ceramic structure.
14. A burner arrangement as in claim 13, characterized by the fact that the ceramic structure consists of a foam or permeable structure with regular or irregular geometry.
15. A fuel preparation system consisting of a reforming device for transforming an organic fuel into a hydrogen-rich synthetic gas, especially for the operation of fuel cells, characterized by the fact that the reforming device is heated by radiant heat from a permeable body of a burner arrangement as set forth in claim 1.
16. A fuel preparation system as in claim 15, characterized by the fact that each burner arrangement has another permeable body which emits radiant heat to another device of the fuel preparing system, e.g., to an evaporation device or a superheating device or another reforming device.