What is claimed is:
1. A compound, non-chromium conversion coating for a part formed from an aluminum alloy, said coating containing an anodic inhibitor species and a cathodic corrosion inhibitor species.
2. A conversion coating according to claim 1, wherein said anodic inhibitor species is selected from the group consisting of tungstates, permanganates, vanadates, molybdates, and mixtures thereof.
3. A conversion coating according to claim 1, wherein said cathodic corrosion inhibitor species is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, cerium, other lathanide elements, and mixtures thereof.
4. A conversion coating according to claim 1, wherein said coating comprises Ce2(WO4)3 and has a coating weight in the range of from about 400 to about 800 mgsq. ft.
5. A conversion coating according to claim 1, wherein said coating contains cerium and a tungstate.
6. A method for forming a non-chromium conversion coating on an aluminum alloy part comprising the steps of:
providing a first solution containing an anodic inhibitor species;
providing a second solution containing a cathodic corrosion inhibitor species; and
immersing said aluminum alloy part in a first one of said first and second solutions and thereafter in a second one of said first and second solutions.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said first solution providing step comprises providing a solution containing an anodic inhibitor species selected from the group consisting of tungstates, permanganates, vanadates, molybdates, and mixtures thereof at a concentration in the range of from about 10 gL to about 20 gL.
8. A method according to claim 6, wherein said second solution providing step comprises providing a solution containing a cathodic corrosion inhibitor species selected from the group consisting of cobalt, cerium, other lathanide elements, and mixtures thereof at a concentration in the range of from about 10 gL to about 50 gL.
9. A method according to claim 6, wherein said immersing step comprises immersing said aluminum alloy part in said first solution and thereafter into said second solution.
10. A method according to claim 6, wherein said immersing step comprises immersing said aluminum alloy part in said second solution and thereafter into said first solution.
11. A method according to claim 6, wherein both said first and second solutions are maintained at room temperature and said aluminum alloy part is immersed into said solutions without agitation.
12. A method according to claim 6, wherein said first solution providing step comprises providing a solution having a pH in the range of from about 11 to 12 and containing from about 10 gL to about 20 gL tungstic acid in ammonium hydroxide and wherein said aluminum alloy part is immersed in said first solution for a time period in the range of from about 3 minutes to about 15 minutes.
13. A method according to claim 6, wherein said second solution providing step comprises providing a solution having a pH in the range of from about 3.5 to about 3.6 and containing from about 10 gL to about 50 gL cerium (III) nitrate in deionized water and said aluminum alloy part is immersed in said second solution for a time period in the range of from about 3 minutes to about 15 minutes.
14. A method according to claim 6, further comprising abrasively treating at least one surface of said aluminum alloy part to be coated, washing said at least one surface with a mild detergent, and rinsing said at least one surface prior to immersing said aluminum alloy part in said first one of said first and second solutions.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein said rinsing step comprises rinsing said at least one surface sequentially in tap water, deionized water and ethanol.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A blocking mechanics training system configured to be worn by a user to develop blocking skills and counter a tendency toward improperly upwardly lifting the chin resulting in a potentially dangerous injury, the user having a first wrist area, a second wrist area, a first forearm, and a second forearm, the blocking mechanics training system comprising:
a helmet in combination with a resistance band having:
(a) a portion operatively connected to said helmet;
(b) a first end configured to operatively connect to at least one of the first wrist area or the first forearm; and
(c) a second end configured to operatively connect to the second wrist area or the second forearm
and wherein
(d) the first end of said resistance band is connected to a first attachment device which is configured to attach to at least one of the first wrist area or the first forearm, and
(e) the second end of said resistance band is connected to a second attachment device which is configured to attach at least one of the second wrist area or the second forearm of the user.
2. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 1, wherein the helmet includes a shell and a facemask.
3. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 2, wherein the facemask includes a horizontal bar.
4. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 3, wherein the resistance band is connected to the horizontal bar using a clip.
5. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 2, wherein the resistance band is configured to operatively connect to the shell.
6. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 2, wherein the resistance band is configured to operatively connect to the facemask.
7. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 1, wherein the helmet includes one of a two-piece helmet.
8. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 1, wherein the helmet is selected from the group consisting of a catcher helmet and a goalie helmet.
9. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 1, wherein the resistance band is removably connected to the helmet.
10. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 1, wherein the resistance band is permanently connected to the helmet.
11. A blocking mechanics training device configured to be worn by a user to develop blocking skills and counter a tendency toward improperly upwardly lifting the chin resulting in a potentially dangerous injury, the user having a first wrist area a second wrist area, a first forearm, and a second forearm, the blocking mechanics training device in combination with a helmet said training device comprising:
a resistance band having
(a) a portion configured to operatively connect to a catcher’s helmet;
(b) a first end configured to operatively connect to at least one of the first wrist area and the first forearm; and
(c) a second end configured to operatively connect to at least one of the second wrist area and the second forearm
and wherein
(d) the first end of said resistance band is connected to a first attachment device which is configured to attach to at least one of the first wrist area or the first forearm, and
(e) the second end of said resistance band is connected to a second attachment device which is configured to attach at least one of the first wrist area or the first forearm of the user.
12. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 11, wherein the resistance band is configured to operatively connect to a shell of the catcher’s helmet.
13. The blocking mechanics training system of claim 11, wherein the resistance band is configured to operatively connect to a facemask of the catcher’s helmet.