1. A honey isolate containing type II arabinogalactan, wherein the average molecular weight of the arabinogalactan is 40,000 to 1,100,000 and wherein the ratio of arabinose to galactose ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 parts arabinose to 1.0 parts galactose.
2. (canceled)
3. The honey isolate as claimed in claim 1 wherein the type II arabinogalactan has a structure including:
Where n=5 to 25 and R1=
Where R2=
Where R3=
4. The honey isolate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isolate contains at least 5 \u03bcgg type II arabinogalactan.
5. The honey isolate as claimed in claim 1 wherein the isolate contains at least 10 \u03bcgg type II arabinogalactan.
6. A honey analogue containing an isolate as claimed in claim 1.
7. (canceled)
8. A composition formulated for topical application to a body area of a patient in need thereof containing:
(a) an isolate as claimed in claim 1; or
(b) a honey analogue as claimed in claim 6; or
(c) combinations of the above.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein the composition is selected from: a dressing, a cream, an ointment, a gel, and combinations thereof.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein the type II AG is an arabinogalactan protein (AGP).
11. The composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein a non-honey based AG containing compound or isolate is added to the composition.
12. A method of stimulating the immune system of a patient in need thereof by topical application of the composition as claimed in claim 8 to a body area of the patient.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 wherein the composition is formulated for application to a recalcitrant topical body area on a patient.
14. (canceled)
15. A method of minimising the immune-stimulatory effects of a honey based topical composition by the step of removing type II arabinogalactan (AG) from the honey in the composition.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the composition has less than 5 \u03bcgg AG compounds.
17. The method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the composition has less than 1 \u03bcgg AG compounds.
18. The method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the composition is formulated for application to a sensitive topical body area on a patient.
19. The method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the honey based topical composition still provides anti-microbial effects associated with honey.
20-22. (canceled)
23. A method of treatment of a recalcitrant skin condition on a topical body area on a subject in need thereof by:
a. application of a composition as claimed in claim 8 initially; and, as skin healing progresses,
b. applying a honey or honey analogue based composition with type II AG compounds removed from the honey or analogue.
24. The method as claimed in claim 23 wherein the composition of part b. has less than 5 \u03bcgg AG compounds.
25. The method as claimed in claim 24 wherein the composition has less than 1 \u03bcgg AG compounds.
26-28. (canceled)
29. A method of treatment of a sensitive skin condition on a topical body area on a subject in need thereof by:
a. applying a honey or honey analogue based composition with type II AG compounds removed from the honey; and as skin healing progresses,
b. application of a composition as claimed in claim 8.
30. The method as claimed in claim 29 wherein the composition of part a. has less than 5 \u03bcgg AG compounds.
31. The method as claimed in claim 29 wherein the composition of part a. has less than 1 \u03bcgg AG compounds.
32-34. (canceled)
35. A method of producing a honey based immune-stimulatory composition by the step of:
(a) testing a series of honey batches for the presence of type II AG compounds;
(b) selecting and blending together honeys based on the test results to form a honey blend with type II AG levels greater than 5 \u03bcgg.
36. The method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the honeys selected and blended result in a honey blend with type II AG levels greater than 10 \u03bcgg.
37. The method as claimed in claim 35 where in the honey includes kanuka honey.
38. The method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the honey tested is produced from a plant or plants selected andor bred to maximise the level of type II AG compounds in the plant nectar from which the honey is produced.
39. The method as claimed in claim 38 wherein the plant nectar is selected from the genus: Leptospermum, Kunzea, Weinmannia, Knightia, Metrosideros, Fagus, Trifolium, Myrtaceae, and combinations thereof.
40. The method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the composition further includes non-honey based arabinogalactans.
41. A method of producing a honey based composition that minimises immune-stimulatory effects by:
(a) testing a series of honey batches for the presence of type II AG compounds;
(b) selecting and blending together honeys based on the test results sufficient to leave less than 5 \u03bcgg type II AG compounds in the honey blend.
42. The method as claimed in claim 41 wherein the honey tested is produced from a plant or plants selected andor bred to minimise the level of type II AG compounds in the plant nectar from which the honey is produced.
43. The method as claimed in claim 42 wherein the plant nectar is selected from the genus: Leptospermum, Kunzea, Weinmannia, Knightia, Metrosideros, Fagus, Trifolium, Myrtaceae, and combinations thereof.
44. The method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the type II AG compound is AGP.
45. A method of determining the immunostimulatory properties of a honey or honey analogue by testing the content of type II AG in the honey or honey analogue and wherein:
a. if the amount of type II AG in the honey or honey analogue is greater than approximately 5 \u03bcgg, a measurable immunostimulatory response is predicted; and,
b. if the amount of type II AG in the honey or honey analogue is less than approximately 5 \u03bcgg, a measurable immunostimulatory response is not predicted.
46. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein the amount in step a. is greater than 10 \u03bcgg.
47. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein the amount in step b. is less than 1 \u03bcgg.
48. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein an immunostimulatory topical formulation is produced from the honey or honey analogue if the measured type II AG is greater than 5 \u03bcgg.
49. The method as claimed in claim 45 wherein a non-immune stimulatory topical formulation is produced from the honey or honey analogue if the measured type II AG is less than 5 \u03bcgg.
50. The method as claimed in claim 35 wherein testing is completed utilising reactions that bind type II AG compounds with specific antibodies.
51. The method as claimed in claim 35 wherein testing is completed using ELISA analysis.
52. A method of producing an isolate as claimed in claim 1 by obtaining a honey and then processing the honey by steps selected from: filtration, ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, precipitation, or combinations thereof and collecting a high molecular weight isolate from the processing step.
53. The method as claimed in claim 52 wherein the honey is processed through a 10 kDa filter and the high molecular isolate post filtration is collected.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An antenna apparatus comprising:
a ground member having a length along a predetermined directional axis, the length being about a quarter or more of a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave used for communication; and
an antenna element extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the directional axis and connected to the ground member;
wherein the antenna element is disposed substantially in the same plane as an end portion of the ground member with a predetermined distance provided therebetween.
2. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the antenna element comprises an antenna element main body and a feeder terminal; and
the antenna element main body and the feeder terminal cooperatively form a \xbc-wavelength inverted F antenna.
3. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the ground member further comprises a shielding member for shielding an electronic circuit.
4. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the ground member and the antenna element further comprise one piece.
5. Portable electronic equipment comprising the antenna apparatus according to claim 1.
6. The portable electronic equipment according to claim 5, wherein the portable electronic equipment further comprises a wrist watch.
7. A printed wiring board comprising:
a ground member having a length along a predetermined directional axis, the length being about a quarter or more of a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave used for communication; and
an antenna element extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the directional axis and connected to the ground member;
wherein the ground member and the antenna element are printed wirings.
8. The printed wiring board according to claim 7, wherein:
the antenna element is disposed substantially in the same plane as an end portion of the ground member with a predetermined distance provided therebetween.
9. The printed wiring board according to claim 7, wherein:
the antenna element comprises an antenna element main body and a feeder terminal, and
the antenna element main body and the feeder terminal cooperatively form a \xbc-wavelength inverted F antenna.
10. The printed wiring board according to claim 7, wherein:
the ground member and the antenna element further comprise one piece.
11. A printed circuit board comprising:
a printed wiring board;
an electronic circuit disposed on the printed wiring board;
a ground member having a length along a predetermined directional axis, the length being about a quarter or more of a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave used for communication; and
an antenna element extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the directional axis and connected to the ground members;
wherein the antenna element is disposed substantially in the same plane as an end portion of the ground member with a predetermined distance provided therebetween.
12. The printed circuit board according to claim 11, wherein:
the antenna element comprises an antenna element main body and a feeder terminal, and
the antenna element main body and the feeder terminal cooperatively form a \xbc-wavelength inverted F antenna.
13. The printed circuit board according to claim 11, wherein:
the antenna element and the ground member further comprise one piece.
14. The printed circuit board according to claim 13, wherein:
the ground member further comprises a shielding member for shielding the electronic circuit.
15. The printed circuit board according to claim 14, further comprising:
a ground pattern formed on the printed wiring board and electrically connected to the ground member.
16. The printed circuit board according to claim 11, wherein:
the antenna element further comprises a printed wiring on the printed wiring board; and
the ground member is a separate component from the printed wiring board.
17. The printed circuit board according to claim 16, wherein:
the ground member further comprises a shielding member for shielding the electronic circuit.
18. The printed circuit board according to claim 17, further comprising:
a ground pattern formed on the printed wiring board and electrically connected to the ground member.
19. The printed circuit board according to claim 11, wherein:
the antenna element and the ground member further comprise printed wirings on the printed wiring board.
20. A communication adapter comprising:
a printed wiring board;
an electronic circuit disposed on the printed wiring board;
a ground member having a length along a predetermined directional axis, the length being about a quarter or more of the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave used for communication;
an antenna element extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the directional axis and connected to the ground member; and
a connector connection terminal;
wherein the connector connection terminal is disposed on a side toward which an antenna element main body of the antenna element extends in relation to the printed wiring board.
21. The communication adapter according to claim 20, wherein:
the antenna element further comprises a feeder terminal, and
the antenna element main body and the feeder terminal cooperatively form an inverted F antenna.