1. An impulse tolerant valve body, said valve body having a longitudinal axis and comprising at least one guide, at least one peripheral seal retention groove, a convex valve seat interface, at least one internal elastic variable-volume space, at least one internal constant-volume surge chamber, and at least one external access port;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is in fluid communication with at least one said internal constant-volume surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is responsive to longitudinal compression of said valve body; and
wherein each said internal elastic variable-volume space is filled with incompressible fluid comprising mineral oil.
2. An impulse tolerant valve body, said valve body having a longitudinal axis and comprising at least one guide, at least one peripheral seal retention groove, a convex valve seat interface, at least one internal elastic variable-volume space, at least one internal constant-volume surge chamber, and at least one external access port;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is in fluid communication with at least one said internal constant-volume surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is responsive to longitudinal compression of said valve body; and
wherein each said internal elastic variable-volume space is filled with incompressible fluid comprising mineral oil and nanoparticles.
3. An impulse tolerant valve body, said valve body having a longitudinal axis and comprising at least one guide, at least one peripheral seal retention groove, a convex valve seat interface, at least one internal elastic variable-volume space, at least one internal constant-volume surge chamber, and at least one external access port;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is in fluid communication with at least one said internal constant-volume surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is responsive to longitudinal compression of said valve body; and
wherein each said internal elastic variable-volume space is filled with incompressible fluid comprising mineral oil and metallic nanoparticles having an average size of up to about 2000 nm.
4. An impulse tolerant valve body, said valve body having a longitudinal axis and comprising at least one guide, at least one peripheral seal retention groove, a convex valve seat interface, at least one internal elastic variable-volume space, at least one internal constant-volume surge chamber, and at least one external access port, said at least one external access port comprising a proximal central tubular port and a distal central tubular port;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is in fluid communication with at least one said internal constant-volume surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is responsive to longitudinal compression of said valve body; and
wherein each said internal elastic variable-volume space is filled with incompressible fluid.
5. An impulse tolerant valve body, said valve body having a longitudinal axis and comprising at least one guide, at least one peripheral seal retention groove, a convex valve seat interface, at least one internal elastic variable-volume space, at least one internal constant-volume surge chamber, and at least one external access port;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is in fluid communication with at least one said internal constant-volume surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor;
wherein at least one said fluid flow restrictor comprises longitudinally opposing proximal and distal circular bosses;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is responsive to longitudinal compression of said valve body; and
wherein each said internal elastic variable-volume space is filled with incompressible fluid.
6. A pump comprising at least one valve, said valve comprising an impulse tolerant valve body, said valve body having a longitudinal axis and comprising at least one guide, at least one peripheral seal retention groove, a convex valve seat interface, at least one internal elastic variable-volume space, at least one internal constant-volume surge chamber, and at least one external access port;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is in fluid communication with at least one said internal constant-volume surge chamber via at least one fluid flow restrictor;
wherein at least one said internal elastic variable-volume space is responsive to longitudinal compression of said valve body; and
wherein each said internal elastic variable-volume space is filled with incompressible fluid.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of distributing media contents, the method comprising:
obtaining a first key, a second key and a content;
obtaining content information relating to the content;
encrypting the second key using the first key to generate an encrypted second key;
encrypting the content using the second key to generate an encrypted content;
generating a key information file including the encrypted second key and the content information;
generating a universal file including the encrypted content, the content information and a first network address for a central key repository (CKR);
providing the universal file to one or more distributors from a source other than the CKR; and
providing the key information file for storage in the CKR for distribution of the second key by the CKR upon one or more requests sent to the first network address by the one or more distributors.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two of the one or more distributors receiving the universal file utilize a different digital rights management (DRM) scheme for distributing the content to consumers.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the first key includes receiving the first key from a certificate authority trusted by the CKR.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the second key includes generating the second key.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the universal file includes encoding the content prior to encryption of the content.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the universal file includes formatting the encrypted content, a first network address and content information relating to the content using the MPEG-4 container format.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the content information includes a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID), an International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) and a content owner identification.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the content information includes a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) and an International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN).
9. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the key information file for storage in the CKR further uses the CKR to transcribe the key information file such that the one or more distributors can use a third key related to the first key to decrypt the encrypted second key and retrieve the second key.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first key is a public key of the distributor, and wherein the third key is a private key of the distributor.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the first key is a symmetric key, and wherein the third key is a symmetric key accessible by the distributor.
12. A universal file packager for distribution of media contents, the universal file packager comprising:
a processor configured to:
obtain a first key, a second key and a content;
obtain content information relating to the content;
encrypt the second key using the first key to generate an encrypted second key;
encrypt the content using the second key to generate an encrypted content;
generate a key information file including the encrypted second key and the content information;
generate a universal file including the encrypted content, the content information and a first network address for a central key repository (CKR);
provide the universal file to one or more distributors from a source other than the CKR; and
provide the key information file for storage in the CKR for distribution of the second key by the CKR upon one or more requests sent to the first network address by the one or more distributors.
13. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein at least two of the one or more distributors receiving the universal file utilize a different digital rights management (DRM) scheme than the other for retrieving the content from the universal file.
14. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein the processor obtains the first key by receiving the first key from a certificate authority trusted by the CKR.
15. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein the processor obtains the second key by generating the second key.
16. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to encode the content prior to generating the universal file.
17. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to generate the universal file by formatting the encrypted content, a first network address and content information relating to the content using the MPEG-4 container format.
18. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein the content information includes a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID), an International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) and a content owner identification.
19. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein the content information includes a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) and an International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN).
20. The universal file packager of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to provide the key information file for storage in the CKR such that the CKR transcribes the key information file so that the one or more distributors can use a third key related to the first key to decrypt the encrypted second key and retrieve the second key.
21. The universal file packager of claim 20, wherein the first key is a public key of the distributor, and wherein the third key is a private key of the distributor.
22. The universal file packager of claim 20, wherein the first key is a symmetric key, and wherein the third key is a symmetric key accessible by the distributor.