What is claimed is:
1. The binding of books being the binding of folded sheets of paper in signatures and further binding of the signatures into book form by:
(a) a signature comb having a back or spine and at least two or more teeth attached to or integral to the spine back, at right angles to the spine and oriented in the same plane; further each tooth of the signature comb having at least one tab at a right angle to the tooth, parallel and planar to the back or spine of the signature comb; where the teeth and corresponding tabs are inserted through correspondingly spaced and sized perforations in the fold of the signature sheets, securing the folded sheets of the signature together, and
(b) a spine comprised of two or more tapes forming one or more slots transverse to the spine of the book of a width sufficient to accept the teeth of the signature comb in (a) thus securing the signature sheets to the spine of the book by capturing the tabs of each signature comb tooth between and over the back of the tapes and said tapes having teeth in rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tape which are inserted into the pawl slot of a hinge element having a rasp element which locks onto the teeth of the tape preventing the tape from being withdrawn while allowing a progressive insertion of the tape or tapes through the pawl slot thereby securing together two or more signatures between the hinge elements of the book.
2. A device as in claim (1) (b) where the spine is comprised of two or more spine tapes forming one or more slots transverse to the spine of the book; said tapes having teeth in rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tapes which are inserted into the pawl slot of a hinge element, the rasp element of the pawl slot which locks onto the teeth of the spine tapes, preventing the spine tapes from being withdrawn while allowing a progressive insertion of the spine tapes through the pawl slot in the hinge, where the hinge element is part of a cover for the book.
3. A device as in claim (1) (b) where the spine is comprised of two or more spine tapes forming one or more slots transverse to the spine of the book; said tapes having teeth in rows transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tapes which are inserted into the pawl slot of a hinge element, the rasp of the pawl slot which locks onto the teeth of the spine tapes, preventing the spine tapes from being withdrawn while allowing a progressive insertion of the spine tapes through the pawl slot in the hinge, where the hinge element is tabbed to fit into the slot of a detachable cover material.
4. A method for the printing and binding of books comprised of signature combs and spine tapes as in claim (1), paper which is pre-scored and pre-perforated to the spacing of the signature comb teeth for printing the text of the book into signatures, and a computer software program that properly imposes digital text into a page layout allowing for proper numerical order of the pages in the finished signatures and in the finished and bound book.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a de-interlacer circuit configured to generate a first progressive signal having a first rate in response to an interlaced signal;
a converter circuit configured to generate a second progressive signal having a second rate in response to said first progressive signal by filtering one progressive frame out of each of a fixed number of frames of said first progressive signal; and
a zoom circuit configured to generate an output video signal in response to said second progressive signal, wherein said output video signal represents a portion of said second progressive signal having a frame size equal to a frame size of said interlaced signal.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said zoom circuit comprises (i) a horizontal zoom and (ii) a vertical zoom, wherein said horizontal and vertical zoom are implemented in series on said second progressive signal.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said vertical zoom comprises a frame filtering vertical zoom.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an interlacing circuit configured to generate said output video signal having an interlaced pattern.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first rate comprises 60 Hz and said second rate comprises 50 Hz.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first progressive signal has a first image size and said second progressive signal has a second image size, wherein said first and second image sizes are different sizes.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein (i) said first image size comprises a first horizontal size and a first vertical size and (ii) said second image size comprises a second vertical size and a second horizontal size.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said zoom circuit operates during recording of said interlaced signal.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said zoom circuit operates during playback of said output video signal.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said interlaced signal presents a first interlaced field and a second interlaced field every 130 of a second.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first progressive signal comprises frames presented every 160 of a second.
12. A method for implementing a zoom in a digital video signal comprising the steps of:
(A) converting an interlaced video signal to a first progressive video signal having a first rate;
(B) generating a second progressive signal having a second rate in response to said first video signal by filtering one progressive frame out of each of a fixed number of frames of said first progressive signal; and
(C) generating an output video signal in response to said second video signal, wherein said output video signal represents a portion of said second video signal having a frame size equal to a frame size of said interlaced signal.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein step (C) comprises (i) a horizontal zoom and (ii) a vertical zoom, wherein said horizontal and vertical zoom are implemented in series on said second progressive signal.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein said first rate comprises 60 Hz and said second rate comprises 50 Hz.
15. The method according to claim 12, wherein said first progressive signal has a first image size and said second progressive signal has a second image size, wherein said first and second image sizes are different sizes.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein (i) said first image size comprises a first horizontal size and a first vertical size and (ii) said second image size comprises a second vertical size and a second horizontal size.
17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said converter circuit is configured to filter said first progressive signal by dropping one progressive frame out of each of said fixed number of frames of said first progressive signal.
18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said converter circuit is configured to filter said first progressive signal by dropping one progressive frame out of every six input frames.
19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said converter circuit comprises a rate converter circuit.