1. A client-server type computer system for graphical applications, for displaying data in the form of software units called \u201cwidgets\u201d on display screens called \u201cdisplay units\u201d, each widget being defined by \u201cattributes\u201d, a client being called \u201cuser application\u201d, said system being intended to control the operation of a machine, the machine comprising at least one human-machine interface allowing interaction with the widgets, said system managing critical data or functions, including data or functions that may lead to a serious malfunction of said machine, the widgets being combined in a structure called \u201cmodel\u201d comprising the properties of each widget and their hierarchical organization, said model being created from a client-application definition file, the widgets handling the display of the critical functions being called \u201csecured widgets\u201d, the system further comprising:
a securing engine including provisions for controlling the display of the secured widgets, a first control provision comprising of the first computation of a \u201csignature\u201d of the model of the secured widgets, of the second computation of a \u201csignature\u201d of the secured widgets’ definition file and of the comparison of the two signatures, a signature being a mathematical code associated with the attributes of the secured widgets; a second control provision comprising of algorithms for checking the conformity of the stack of graphical instructions generated by the server with the model of the secured widgets, said algorithm being of \u201cfeedback\u201d type.
2. The client-server type computer system according to claim 1, wherein the securing engine includes at least one provision for controlling the sending of commands and inputs from the user performed by means of the human-machine interface on the secured widgets, said provision being that the secured widgets are of \u201cUA-validation\u201d type, wherein, when a command to change the state of said secured widget is received from the human-machine interface, said secured widget waits for a confirmation message from the client before changing state.
3. The client-server type computer system according to claim 1, wherein the securing engine includes at least first provisions for controlling commands and the input and display of data performed by means of the human-machine interface on the secured widgets, said first provisions being that the secured widgets include either guard mechanisms, or dialogue boxes, a guard mechanism being a graphical object protecting the secured widget that must necessarily be unlocked before accessing said secured widget.
4. The client-server type computer system according to claim 3, wherein the securing engine includes at least second provisions for controlling the input and display of data performed by means of the human-machine interface on the secured widgets, said second provisions ensuring the consistency of the locking of the guard or of the dialogue box with the state of the secured widget.
5. The client-server type computer system according to claim 3, wherein the securing engine includes at least third provisions for controlling commands and the input and display of data performed by means of the human-machine interface on the secured widgets, said third provisions consisting of the association of signatures of the critical widgets with their guards or confirmation buttons and the verification by the client of the pairs of signatures via a mapping table.
6. The client-server type computer system according to claim 3, wherein the securing engine includes at least fourth provisions for controlling the input and display of data performed by means of the human-machine interface on the secured widgets, said fourth provisions ensuring the integrity of the value input by the user by the transmission to the client of the value and of its signature for verification of their consistency by the client.
7. The client-server type computer system according to claim 1, wherein the machine is an aircraft, the computer system is the onboard avionics of said aircraft and the display screens are cockpit display systems and the computer system works according to the ARINC 661 aeronautical standard.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A grate block for an incinerator, the incinerator including a plurality of rows of fixed grate blocks and a plurality of rows of movable grate blocks, the rows of fixed and movable grate blocks being arranged in a stepped configuration creating upper and lower rows relative to each other, the grate block comprising:
an upper wall having a top surface;
a front wall having a front surface extending from the top surface;
a pair of side walls each having an outer surface for engaging adjacent grate blocks and an inner surface, the side walls parallel to each other and spaced from each other, each outer side surface extending from the top surface and the front surface;
at least one of the side walls having a recess adjacent the top surface of the upper wall and also adjacent to the front surface of the front wall, the recess constructed and arranged to direct a stream of air upward, in a direction away from an adjacent, lower row of grate blocks; and
at least one of the side walls having an opening between the inner surface and the outer surface for passage of a stream of air.
2. The grate block of claim 1 wherein the recess has an angle such that the stream of air exits from the grate block and forms an angle between 90 above the plane of the top surface and 14 surface below the plane of the top surface of the grate block.
3. The grate block of claim 1 wherein the recess has an angle such that the stream of air exits from the grate block and projects at an angle above 20 below the surface of the plane of the top surface of the grate block.
4. The grate block of claim 3 wherein the recess has an angle such that the stream of air exits from the grate block and forms an angle between 120 above the plane of the top surface and 14 below the surface of the plane of the top surface of the grate block.
5. The grate block of claim 1 wherein the recess has at least two levels, a shallow recess level and a deeper recess level, wherein the opening is on the deeper recess level, and the shallow recess level is interposed between the upper surface and the openings.
6. The grate block of claim 5 further comprising an angle corner edge surface interposed between the top surface, the front surface, and the pair of side surfaces.
7. The grate block of claim 6 wherein the recess has an angle such that the stream of air exits from the grate block and forms an acute angle between 90 above the plane of the top surface and 14 below the plane of the top surface of the grate block.
8. The grate block of claim 1 wherein the recess includes at least two distinct recesses on the at least one of the side surfaces, and an opening extending through each of the recesses.
9. A grate block for an incinerator, the grate block comprising:
a top wall having a top surface;
a front wall having a front surface;
a pair of side walls, each side wall having an outer surface for engaging the adjacent grate block and extending from the top surface and the front surface;
an angled corner edge wall having an outer surface interposed between the top surface, the front surface, and the pair of side walls: and
at least one groove formed in a the angled corner edge wall, and an opening in the groove for the passage of a stream of air.
10. The grate block of claim 9 wherein the groove has an angle such that the stream of the air exist the grate block and forms an angle between 90 above the plane of the top surface and 14 below the surface of the plane of the top surface of the grate block.
11. The grate block of claim 9 wherein the groove has an angle such that the stream of air exits from the grate block and forms an angle between 120 above the plane of the top surface and 14 below the surface of the plane of the top surface of the grate block.
12. The grate block of claim 9 wherein the groove has at least two levels, a shallow groove level and a deeper groove level, wherein the opening is on the deeper groove level, and the shallow groove level is interposed between the upper surface and the opening.
13. (Canceled)
14. The grate block of claim 12 further comprising a projecting arm extending from the top wall, the projecting arm defining a hook, the projecting arm narrowed from the width of the front wall.
15. An incinerator grate system comprising:
a plurality of rows of fixed grate blocks;
a plurality of rows of movable grate blocks, each row of movable grate blocks interposed between a pair of movable grate blocks;
a reciprocal mechanism connected to each of the rows of moveable grate blocks for moving the rows relative to the rows of the fixed grate blocks;
each of the rows having a plurality of grate blocks;
the grate blocks defining a cavity under the rows;
each of the grate blocks having an upper wall, a front wall, a pair of side walls, each side wall extending from the top wall and the front wall; and a foot carried by the front wall and engaging an upper wall of a grate block; the walls defining a cavity under the upper wall;
each of the side walls of the grate blocks engaging the side wall of the adjacent grate block, each side wall having a recess disposed in an interface where in proximity to the front wall and upper wall meet such that the recess extends from the top wall to the front wall;
the recess defining a gap between the side walls of the adjacent grate blocks; and
an opening through the recess of the sidewall for the flow of air from the cavity within the grate block.
16. The incinerator grate system of claim 15 wherein the recess on the side wall of the grate block has at least two levels, a shallow recess level and a deeper recess level, wherein the opening is on the deeper recess level, and the shallow recess level is interposed between the upper wall and the opening.
17. The incinerator grate system of claim 16 wherein the grate block further comprises an angle corner edge wall interposed between the top wall, the front wall and the pair of side walls.
18. The incinerator grate system of claim 17 wherein the recess has an angle such that the stream of air exits from the grate block and forms an angle between 90 above and 14 below from the top wall of the grate block.
19. The incinerator grate system of claim 15 wherein each side wall has at least three recesses, each recess having an opening through the side wall for flow of air from the cavity within the grate block.
20. The incinerator grate system of claim 19 wherein the grate block further comprises an angle corner edge wall interposed between the top wall, the front wall and the pair of side walls.
21. The incinerator grate system of claim 20 wherein at least one recess on the side wall extends to the front wall, at least another recess on the side wall extends to the top wall, and at least another recess on the side wall extends to the angle corner edge wall.
22. A method of incinerating refuse comprising the steps of:
providing a grate having a plurality of fixed rows and a plurality of moving rows of grate blocks;
moving the moving rows of grate blocks in a back and forth motion to move the refuse along the grate;
creating a void in the refuse by movement of the moving row;
forcing air through an opening in the grate block to the refuse and away from the void; and
directing the air through an opening in the sidewall of the grate block and redirecting the air prior to passing the sidewall.
23. (Canceled)
24. The grate block of claim 1, wherein the recess is disposed in at least on of the sidewalls and extends from the top surface of the upper wall to the front surface of the front wall.