What is claimed is:
1. An image sensing apparatus which causes an image processing section to execute image processing to convert digital image data, which is obtained by AD-converting an output from an image sensing element, into output image data, wherein
said image processing section comprises a matrix arithmetic processing section and an N-dimensional (N is a positive integer) lookup table arithmetic processing section and causes said matrix arithmetic processing section to process the digital image data before said N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said matrix arithmetic processing section changes a coefficient to be used for matrix arithmetic processing in accordance with a color temperature of a light source.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section outputs three output signals in correspondence with three input signals.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section includes a three-dimensional lookup table formed from LMN (L, M, and N are arbitrary integers) lattice points and calculates data among the lattice points by interpolation arithmetic processing.
5. An image sensing apparatus which has an image sensing element and an AD conversion section which AD-converts an output from the image sensing element, causes an image processing section to execute image processing to convert digital image data obtained from the AD conversion section into output image data, and records the output image data in a recording medium, wherein
said image processing section comprises a white balance processing section, a matrix arithmetic processing section, and an N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section where N is an integer not less than 3 and causes said matrix arithmetic processing section to process the digital image data before said N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein in said image processing section, said white balance processing section, said matrix arithmetic processing section, and said N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section are arranged in an order named.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the apparatus further comprises an interpolation processing section which interpolates the output from the image sensing element having a color filter comprising a plurality of colors, and
said interpolation processing section is arranged before said N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing section stores a chrominance signal which considers a memory color of an input chrominance signal.
9. An image sensing method which comprises a sensing an image of an object with an image sensing element, and an AD-converting an output from the image sensing step, and executes image processing in an image processing step to convert digital image data obtained in the AD conversion processing into output image data, wherein
the image processing step comprises a matrix arithmetic processing step and an N-dimensional (N is a positive integer) lookup table arithmetic processing step and processes the digital image data in the matrix arithmetic processing step before the N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing step.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the matrix arithmetic processing step, a coefficient to be used for matrix arithmetic processing is changed in accordance with a color temperature of a light source.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing step, N output signals are output in correspondence with N input signals.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the image processing step further comprises a white balance processing step, and
the digital image data is processed in the white balance processing step before the N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing step.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein in the image processing step, the white balance processing step, the matrix arithmetic processing step, and the N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing step are executed in an order named.
14. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the method further comprises an interpolation processing step of interpolating the output from the image sensing element having a color filter comprising a plurality of colors, and
the interpolation processing step executes processing before the N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing step.
15. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing step, an input chrominance signal is converted into a chrominance signal which considers a memory color of the input chrominance signal.
16. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the N-dimensional lookup table arithmetic processing step, a three-dimensional lookup table formed from LMN (L, M, and N are arbitrary integers) lattice points is included, data among the lattice points is calculated by interpolation arithmetic processing.
17. A program causing a computer to execute an image sensing method of claim 9.
18. A computer-readable storage medium storing a program of claim 17.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of making measurements of block error ratio in a layered protocol communications system, the block error ratio being a ratio of a number of blocks received with one or more errors to a total number of blocks received, the method comprising:
sending at least one message block which is defined at a selected layer in a protocol stack below a topmost layer thereof to open an information block flow and sending additional such message blocks to maintain the information block flow;
monitoring acknack messages sent in response to the message blocks to determine whether the message blocks have been correctly transported; and
calculating said block error ratio measurements based at least in part on the monitored acknack messages.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the message blocks have a predetermined characteristic which causes the message blocks to be discarded upon processing at the selected protocol layer in a communications unit receiving the message blocks.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications system is a general packet radio service (GPRS) and the selected protocol layer is a GPRS mobility management layer.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the repeated message blocks are GMM_INFORMATION message blocks, said GMM_INFORMATION message blocks being information message blocks associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS).
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the predetermined characteristic comprises absence from a message block of any information elements other than a message header.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications system is a general packet radio service (GPRS) and the selected protocol layer is a GPRS logical link control layer.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the repeated message blocks are GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks, wherein said GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks are information blocks associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the predetermined characteristic comprises inclusion in a message block of an invalid frame check sequence.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps of sending at least one message block to open an information block flow and sending additional such message blocks to maintain the information block flow occurs at a transmitting station and wherein the step of monitoring acknack messages sent in response to the message blocks also occurs at said transmitting station.
10. A method of making measurements of block error ratio in a layered protocol communications system, the block error ratio being a ratio of a number of blocks received with one or more errors to a total number of blocks received, the method comprising:
constructing message blocks to conform to a message structure defined at a selected layer below a topmost layer in a protocol stack of the layered protocol communications system;
sending at least one of said message blocks through the system to open an information block flow and sending additional such message blocks through the system to maintain the information block flow;
monitoring acknack messages sent in response to the message blocks to determine whether the message blocks have been correctly transported; and
measuring block error ratio as a predetermined function of occurrence of monitored nack messages.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the message blocks are constructed to have a predetermined characteristic that causes the message blocks to be discarded upon processing at the selected protocol layer in a communications unit receiving the message blocks.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the communications system is a general packet radio service (GPRS) and the selected protocol layer is a GPRS mobility management layer.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the repeated message blocks are GMM_INFORMATION message blocks, wherein said GMM_INFORMATION message blocks are information message blocks associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS).
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the message blocks are constructed to have a predetermined characteristic that causes the message blocks to be discarded upon processing at the selected protocol layer in a communications unit receiving the message blocks, the predetermined characteristic comprising absence from a message block of any information elements other than a message header.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the message blocks are constructed to have a predetermined characteristic that causes the message blocks to be discarded upon processing at the selected protocol layer in a communications unit receiving the message blocks, the predetermined characteristic comprising inclusion in a message block of an invalid frame check sequence.
16. The method of claim 10, wherein the communications system is a general packet radio service (GPRS) and the selected protocol layer is a GPRS logical link control layer.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the repeated message blocks are GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks, wherein said GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks are information associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS).
18. A method of making measurements of block error ratio in a general packet radio service (GPRS) layered protocol communications system, the block error ratio being a ratio of a number of blocks received with one or more errors to a total number of blocks received, the method comprising:
constructing message blocks to conform to a message structure defined at a selected one of
(i) a GPRS mobility management layer and
(ii) a GPRS logical link control layer
\u2003in a protocol stack of the GPRS layered protocol communications system, said message blocks being respectively one of
(i) GMM_INFORMATION message blocks defined in the mobility management layer, wherein said GMM_INFORMATION message blocks are information message blocks associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS), and
(ii) GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks defined in the logical link control layer, wherein said GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks are information associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS);
sending at least one of said message blocks through the system to open an information block flow and sending additional such message blocks through the system to maintain the information block flow;
monitoring acknack messages sent in response to the message blocks to determine whether the message blocks have been correctly transported; and
measuring block error ratio as a predetermined function of occurrence of monitored nack messages.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the message blocks are constructed to have a predetermined characteristic that causes the message blocks to be discarded upon processing at the selected protocol layer in a communications unit receiving the message blocks.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the predetermined characteristic comprises:
(i) absence from a message block of any information elements other than a message header in the case of GMM_INFORMATION message blocks, wherein said GMM_INFORMATION message blocks are information message blocks associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS), and
(ii) inclusion in a message block of an invalid frame check sequence in the case of GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks, wherein said GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks are information associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS).
21. Apparatus for making measurements of block error ratio in a layered protocol communications system, the block error ratio being a ratio of a number of blocks received with one or more errors to a total number of blocks received, the apparatus comprising:
a message block transmitter for constructing message blocks to conform to a message structure defined at a selected layer below a topmost layer in a protocol stack of the layered protocol communications system, and for sending at least one of said message blocks through the system to open an information block flow and sending additional such message blocks through the system to maintain the information block flow; and
a monitor for monitoring acknack messages sent in response to the message blocks to determine whether the message blocks have been correctly transported, and for measuring block error ratio as a predetermined function of occurrence of monitored nack messages.
22. Apparatus for making measurements of block error ratio in a general packet radio service (GPRS) layered protocol communications system, the block error ratio being a ratio of a number of blocks received with one or more errors to a total number of blocks received, the apparatus comprising:
a message block transmitter for constructing message blocks to conform to a message structure defined at a selected one of
(i) a GPRS mobility management layer and
(ii) a GPRS logical link control layer
\u2003in a protocol stack of the GPRS layered protocol communications system, said message blocks being respectively one of
(i) GMM_INFORMATION message blocks defined in the mobility management layer, wherein said GMM_INFORMATION message blocks are information message blocks associated with the general packet radio service (GPRS), and
(ii) GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks defined in the logical link control layer, wherein said GRR_DATA_REQ message blocks are information blocks provided with a three-octet header and a three-octet frame check sequence,
and sending at least one of said message blocks through the system to open an information block flow and sending additional such message blocks through the system to maintain the information block flow; and
a monitor for monitoring acknack messages sent in response to the message blocks to determine whether the message blocks have been correctly transported, and for measuring block error ratio as a predetermined function of occurrence of monitored nack messages.