1. A process for reforming a surface of a substrate composed of a carbon-containing material, comprising the step of:
exposing a surface of a substrate to a vacuum ultraviolet light, and depositing sputtering particles on the surface of the substrate.
2. The process set forth in claim 1, wherein the substrate is placed on a side of a laser beam-irradiating surface of a target material, the surface of the substrate is exposed to a vacuum ultraviolet light which is generated by irradiating the target material with a laser beam, and particles, which sputter from the target material, are deposited on the surface of the substrate.
3. The process set forth in claim 2, wherein the substrate is placed on a side of a laser beam-irradiating surface of a target material in a container, and the target material placed in the container is irradiated with a laser beam.
4. The process set forth in claim 2, wherein the target material is irradiated with a laser beam in a shielding gas atmosphere or while supplying a shielding gas between the substrate and the target material at least.
5. The process set forth in claim 4, wherein at least one member, selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen gas, a helium gas, a neon gas and an argon gas, mixture gases composed of arbitrary combination of the gases, or mixture gases in which the gases are major components, is used as the shielding gas.
6. The process set forth in claim 2, wherein the substrate is composed of a transparent substrate in which a laser beam can transmit, and the target material is irradiated with a laser beam through the transparent substrate.
7. The process set forth in claim 2, wherein the laser beam is a pulse laser beam whose pulse duration falls in a range of from 100 picoseconds to 100 nanoseconds.
8. The process set forth in claim 2, wherein the conditions of irradiating the target material with the laser beam are set so as to generate a vacuum ultraviolet light, whose wavelength falls in a range of from 50 to 100 nm, from the target material.
9. The process set forth in claim 2, wherein the irradiation intensity of the laser beam is set so as to fall in a range of from 108 to 1012 Wcm2.
10. An apparatus for reforming a surface of a substrate composed of a carbon-containing material, comprising:
means for exposing the surface of the substrate to a vacuum ultraviolet light; and
means for generating sputtering particles which are to be deposited on the surface of the substrate exposed to the vacuum ultraviolet light.
11. The apparatus set forth in claim 10, wherein the exposure of the substrate to the vacuum ultraviolet light by the exposing means and the generation of the sputtering particles by the generating means are carried out simultaneously.
12. An apparatus for reforming a surface of a substrate composed of a carbon-containing material, comprising:
a laser beam-generating device for generating a laser beam;
a target material;
a substrate placed on a side of a laser beam-irradiating surface of the target material, and composed of a carbon-containing material; and
an optical member for focusing the laser beam generated by the laser beam-generating device on the target material,
wherein the surface of the substrate is exposed to a vacuum ultraviolet light, which is generated by irradiating the target material with the laser beam through the optical member, and particles, which sputter from a surface of the target material irradiated with the laser beam, are deposited on the surface of the substrate.
13. The apparatus set forth in claim 12 further comprising a container in which the substrate is placed on the side of the laser beam-irradiating surface of the target material,
wherein the laser beam generated by the laser beam-generating device is led into the container through the optical member, and is focused on the target material.
14. The apparatus set forth in claim 12 further comprising means for supplying a shielding gas,
wherein the target material is irradiated with the laser beam through the optical member while supplying the shielding gas between the substrate and the target material at least with the supplying means.
15. The apparatus set forth in claim 14, wherein the shielding gas is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen gas, a helium gas, a neon gas, an argon gas and mixture gases composed of arbitrary combination of the gases.
16. The apparatus set forth in claim 12 further comprising a processing chamber in which a shielding gas atmosphere is kept and the substrate is placed on the side of the laser beam-irradiating surface of the target material,
wherein the surface of the substrate is exposed to a vacuum ultraviolet light, which is generated by irradiating the target material with the laser beam through the optical member, and particles, which sputter from a surface of the target material irradiated with the laser beam, are deposited on the surface of the substrate within the processing chamber.
17. The apparatus set forth in claim 16 further comprising a preparatory chamber disposed between an external space and the processing chamber to communicate with the processing chamber,
wherein the substrate is brought in into the processing chamber from the external space through the preparatory chamber, and is taken out from the processing chamber to the external space through the preparatory chamber.
18. The apparatus set forth in claim 17, wherein a gas whose specific gravity is smaller than that of air is used as the shielding gas, and the processing chamber is disposed at an upper position with respect to the preparatory chamber.
19. The apparatus set forth in claim 17 further comprising an openable-and-closable partition wall disposed between the processing chamber and the preparatory chamber andor between the external space and the preparatory chamber,
wherein the partition wall is opened or closed to communicate the processing chamber with or separate it from the preparatory chamber andor to communicate the external space with or separate it from the preparatory chamber.
20. The apparatus set forth in claim 12, wherein the substrate is composed of a transparent substrate in which a laser beam can transmit, and the laser beam-generating device irradiates the target material with a laser beam through the transparent substrate.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for producing separate employee and employer statements of mobile communication device usage based on separating call detail records on a per-record basis into one of at least three categories in accordance with employer determined rules, said categories selected from the group consisting of solely employer-usage, solely employee-usage and mixed employee and employer usage.
2. A system for determining the responsibility for billing charges related to the use of communication devices, comprising:
means for analyzing records received from a communication carrier;
means for implementing separation rules with respect to said records using predetermined methods of distinguishing between solely employer-related communications and solely employee-related communications; and
means for generating a report indicating whether an employer or an employee is responsible for particular communications contained in said report.
3. A system for determining the responsibility of billing charges as claimed in claim 2 wherein the separation rules are selected from the group consisting of fixed amount, percentage, time of day, day of week, holiday, employer work schedule, keypad, registered number, wildcard registered umber, regular expression registered number, registered universal resource indicator, wildcard universal resource indicator, and regular expression universal resource indicator.
4. A system for determining the responsibility of billing charges as claimed in claim 2 wherein said separation rules are any combination of rules selected from the group consisting of fixed amount, percentage, time of day, day of week, holiday, employer work schedule, keypad, registered number, wildcard registered umber, regular expression registered number, registered universal resource indicator, wildcard universal resource indicator, and regular expression universal resource indicator.
5. A system for determining responsibility for billing charges related to the use of communication devices, comprising:
analyzing records received from a communication carrier;
implementing separation rules with respect to said records using predetermined methods of distinguishing between solely employer related communications; and
generating a report indicating whether an employer or an employee is responsible for particular communications contained in said report.
6. A system for determining responsibility for billing charges according to claim wherein the separation rules are selected from the group consisting of fixed amount, percentage, time of day, day of week, holiday, employer work schedule, keypad, registered number, wildcard registered umber, regular expression registered number, registered universal resource indicator, wildcard universal resource indicator, and regular expression universal resource indicator.
7. A system for determining responsibility of billing charges according to claim wherein the separation rules are any combination of rules selected from the group consisting of fixed amount, percentage, time of day, day of week, holiday, employer work schedule, keypad, registered number, wildcard registered umber, regular expression registered number, registered universal resource indicator, wildcard universal resource indicator, and regular expression universal resource indicator.
8. A method of separating bill charges comprising the following steps:
defining separation parameters;
analyzing the charges;
separating the charges based on the defined separation parameters;
calculating the total of the separated charges; and, creating billing statements containing the separated charges.
9. A method of separating bill charges according to claim 8 wherein the separation parameters are selected from the group consisting of fixed amount, percentage, time of day, day of week, holiday, employer work schedule, keypad, registered number, wildcard registered umber, regular expression registered number, registered universal resource indicator, wildcard universal resource indicator, and regular expression universal resource indicator.
10. A method of separating bill charges according to claim 8 wherein the separation parameters are any combination of parameters selected from the group consisting of fixed amount, percentage, time of day, day of week, holiday, employer work schedule, keypad, registered number, wildcard registered umber, regular expression registered number, registered universal resource indicator, wildcard universal resource indicator, and regular expression universal resource indicator.
11. A method of separating bill charges comprising the following steps:
analyzing the charges;
accessing a database containing separation parameters;
separating the charges based on the accessed database;
creating billing statements containing the separated charges.
12. A method of doing business whereby personal communications are charged to employees comprising the following steps:
defining separation rules;
analyzing communication records containing personal communication records and work-related communication records;
separating personal communication records from work-related communication records based on the separation rules; and,
creating statements delineating the personal communication records.