1. A method of producing a hydrogen product, comprising:
providing a hydrogen production stream from a steam reformer and a non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream;
combining the hydrogen production stream and the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream; and
separating hydrogen from the combined hydrogen production stream and the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream in a pressure swing adsorption unit, and thereby forming a hydrogen product stream and a non-recycled tail gas.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen production stream is further subjected to a shift conversion before the step of combining.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream is provided by a waste stream selected from the group consisting of a fluid catalytic cracking offgas, a thermal cracking offgas, a hydrotreating offgas, and a catalytic reforming offgas.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the non-recycled tail gas is combusted in the steam reformer.
5. A plant comprising:
a hydrogen pressure swing adsorption unit receiving a feed stream;
wherein the feed stream comprises a hydrogen production stream from a steam reformer and a non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream; and
wherein the hydrogen pressure swing adsorption unit produces a non-recycled tail gas and a high-purity hydrogen product.
6. The plant of claim 5 wherein the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream is combined with the hydrogen production stream after the hydrogen production stream has been subjected to a shift conversion.
7. The plant of claim 5 wherein the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream is selected from the group consisting of a fluid catalytic cracking offgas, a thermal cracking offgas, a hydrotreating offgas, and a catalytic reforming offgas.
8. The plant of claim 5 wherein at least part of the non-recycled tail gas is combusted in the steam reformer.
9. The plant of claim 5 further comprising an acid gas removal unit fluidly coupled to a methanator, and wherein the acid gas removal unit receives at least a portion of the hydrogen production stream.
10. The plant of claim 5 further comprising a booster that increases pressure of the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream to a pressure of the hydrogen production stream.
11. A plant comprising a hydrogen pressure swing adsorption unit that receives a feed gas comprising a hydrogen production stream and a non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream.
12. The plant of claim 11 wherein the hydrogen production stream is provided by a steam reformer, and wherein the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream is provided by a waste stream selected from the group consisting of a fluid catalytic cracking offgas, a thermal cracking offgas, a hydrotreating offgas, and a catalytic reforming offgas.
13. The plant of claim 11 wherein the non-recycled hydrogen-containing waste stream is combined with the hydrogen production stream after the hydrogen production stream has been subjected to a shift conversion.
14. The plant of claim 11 wherein the hydrogen pressure swing adsorption unit produces a non-recycled tail gas that is combusted in a steam reformer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of controlling a power grid, comprising:
determining that a segment of the power grid exceeds a saturation threshold, where a real power generation capacity of local energy sources at consumer nodes connected to the power grid segment exceeds a threshold percentage of peak real power demand for the power grid segment; and
dynamically adjusting an interface between the segment of the power grid and central grid management to adjust a ratio of real power to reactive power for the segment of the power grid as seen from the central grid management.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the power grid segment exceeds the saturation threshold comprises receiving dispatch information at a control node for the power grid segment from the central grid management.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the power grid segment exceeds the saturation threshold comprises sharing information between distributed control nodes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the power grid segment exceeds the saturation threshold comprises determining that real power generation capacity of the power grid segment exceeds ten percent of peak real power demand.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the ratio of real power to reactive power comprises converting at least a portion of real power generation for the power grid segment into reactive power generation.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein converting real power generation in reactive power generation comprises converting real power generation at a point of common coupling (PCC) for the segment of the power grid.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein converting real power generation in reactive power generation comprises converting real power at distributed control nodes within the segment of the power grid to change the ratio of real power to reactive power at a point of common coupling (PCC) of the distributed control nodes.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the ratio of real power to reactive power comprises diverting at least a portion of real power to energy storage local to the segment of the power grid.
9. An apparatus for controlling a power grid, comprising:
a grid connector to couple to the power grid at a point of common coupling (PCC) for a segment of the power grid, wherein the segment of the power grid includes multiple consumer nodes and multiple local energy sources at consumer nodes;
a controller to determine that the segment of the power grid exceeds a saturation threshold, where a real power generation capacity of the local energy sources for the power grid segment exceeds a threshold percentage of peak real power demand for the power grid segment; and
a power converter to dynamically adjust an interface between the segment of the power grid and the central grid management to adjust a ratio of real power to reactive power for the segment of the power grid as seen from the central grid management.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is to receive dispatch information at a control node for the power grid segment from the central grid management indicating a level of grid saturation for the power grid segment.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is to receive information from distributed control nodes within the power grid segment indicating levels of grid saturation downstream from the distributed control nodes.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the power converter is to adjust the ratio of real power to reactive power including converting at least a portion of real power generation for the power grid segment into reactive power generation.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the power converter comprises a power converter at a point of common coupling (PCC) for the segment of the power grid.
14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the power converter is to adjust the ratio of real power to reactive power including diverting at least a portion of real power to energy storage local to the segment of the power grid.
15. A power metering device, comprising:
a grid connector to couple to the power grid at a point of common coupling (PCC) for a segment of the power grid, wherein the segment of the power grid includes multiple consumer nodes and multiple local energy sources at consumer nodes;
a controller to determine that the segment of the power grid exceeds a saturation threshold, where a real power generation capacity of the local energy sources for the power grid segment exceeds a threshold percentage of peak real power demand for the power grid segment; and
IO (inputoutput) to connect to a power converter, the controller to send one or more signals via the IO to the power converter to cause the power converter to dynamically adjust an interface between the segment of the power grid and the central grid management to adjust a ratio of real power to reactive power for the segment of the power grid as seen from the central grid management.
16. The power metering device of claim 15, wherein the controller is to receive dispatch information at a control node for the power grid segment from the central grid management indicating a level of grid saturation for the power grid segment.
17. The power metering device of claim 15, wherein the controller is to receive information from distributed control nodes within the power grid segment indicating levels of grid saturation downstream from the distributed control nodes.
18. The power metering device of claim 15, wherein the controller is to send a signal via the IO to cause the power converter to adjust the ratio of real power to reactive power including converting at least a portion of real power generation for the power grid segment into reactive power generation.
19. The power metering device of claim 18, wherein the power converter comprises a power converter at a point of common coupling (PCC) for the segment of the power grid.
20. The power metering device of claim 15, wherein the controller is to send a signal via the IO to cause the power converter to adjust the ratio of real power to reactive power including diverting at least a portion of real power to energy storage local to the segment of the power grid.