1-16. (Canceled).
17. An image pick-up optical system comprising:
a refractive type lens; and
a diffractive optical element having a diffraction efficiency more than 0.8 for a wavelength range from 0.4 m to 0.7 m, said diffractive optical element and refractive type lens being arranged along an optical axis of the image pick-up optical system.
18. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 17, wherein said diffractive optical element includes first, second and third optical regions which are arranged successively viewed in a direction of the optical axis, a first relief pattern formed in a first boundary surface between the first and second optical regions, and a second relief pattern formed in a second boundary surface between the second and third optical regions.
19. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 18, wherein a depth d1 of the first relief pattern and a depth d2 of the second relief pattern are smaller than 10 m.
20. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 18, wherein a depth d1 of the first relief pattern is smaller than a depth d2 of the second relief pattern.
21. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 18, wherein an Abbe’s number u1 of the first optical region is larger than an Abbe’s number u3 of the third optical region.
22. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 18, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns is constructed as a blazed grating.
23. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 22, wherein a surface of the first optical region opposed to the surface in which the first relief pattern is formed is curved and a surface of the third optical region opposed to the surface in which the second relief pattern is formed is curved.
24. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 22, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns has a sawtooth cross sectional configuration including sharply raising sides and gently raising sides.
25. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 24, wherein each of said first, second and third optical regions has a substantially constant refractive index.
26. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 25, wherein a refractive index n1 of the first optical region is different from a refractive index n3 of the third optical region and the refractive indices n1 and n3 are larger than a refractive index n2 of the second optical region.
27. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 24, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are arranged in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with top and bottom portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
28. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 27, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
29. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 27, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
30. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 27, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are extended up to points situating between the bottom portions and the top portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
31. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 24, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are aligned in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with bottom and top portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
32. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 31, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
33. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 31, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
34. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 22, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns has a rectangular cross sectional configuration having top and bottom portions.
35. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 34, wherein each of said first, second and third optical regions has a substantially constant refractive index.
36. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 35, wherein a refractive index n1 of the first optical region is different from a refractive index n3 of the third optical region and the refractive indices n1 and n3 are larger than a refractive index n2 of the second optical region.
37. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 34, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are arranged in a direction of the optical axis such that the top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with the bottom and top portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
38. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 37, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
39. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 37, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
40. A camera comprising an image pick-up optical system according to any one of claims 17-39.
41. A camera comprising:
an image pick-up optical system for forming an image of an object to be picked-up; and
an image pick-up element receiving the image of the object and generating an image signal: wherein said image pick-up optical system comprising:
a refractive type lens; and
a diffractive optical element having a diffraction efficiency more than 0.8 for a wavelength range from 0.4 m to 0.7 m, said diffractive optical element and refractive type lens being arranged along an optical axis of the image pick-up optical system.
42. The camera according to claim 41, wherein said diffractive optical element includes first, second and third optical regions which are arranged successively viewed in a direction of the optical axis, a first relief pattern formed in a first boundary surface between the first and second optical regions, and a second relief pattern formed in a second boundary surface between the second and third optical regions.
43. The camera according to claim 42, wherein a depth d1 of the first relief pattern and a depth d2 of the second relief pattern are smaller than 10 m.
44. The camera according to claim 42, wherein a depth d1 of the first relief pattern is smaller than a depth d2 of the second relief pattern.
45. The camera according to claim 42, wherein an Abbe’s number u1 of the first optical region is larger than an Abbe’s number u3 of the third optical region.
46. The camera according to claim 42, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns is constructed as a blazed grating.
47. The camera according to claim 46, wherein a surface of the first optical region opposed to the surface in which the first relief pattern is formed is curved and a surface of the third optical region opposed to the surface in which the second relief pattern is formed is curved.
48. The camera according to claim 46, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns has a sawtooth cross sectional configuration including sharply raising sides and gently raising sides.
49. The camera according to claim 48, wherein each of said first, second and third optical regions has a substantially constant refractive index.
50. The camera according to claim 49, wherein a refractive index n1 of the first optical region is different from a refractive index n3 of the third optical region and the refractive indices n1 and n3 are larger than a refractive index n2 of the second optical region.
51. The camera according to claim 48, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are arranged in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with top and bottom portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
52. The camera according to claim 51, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
53. The camera according to claim 51, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
54. The camera according to claim 51, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are extended up to points situating between the bottom portions and the top portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
55. The camera according to claim 48, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are aligned in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with bottom and top portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
56. The camera according to claim 55, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
57. The camera according to claim 55, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
58. The camera according to claim 46, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns has a rectangular cross sectional configuration having top and bottom portions.
59. The camera according to claim 58, wherein each of said first, second and third optical regions has a substantially constant refractive index.
60. The camera according to claim 59, wherein a refractive index n1 of the first optical region is different from a refractive index n3 of the third optical region and the refractive indices n1 and n3 are larger than a refractive index n2 of the second optical region.
61. The camera according to claim 58, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are arranged in a direction of the optical axis such that the top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with the bottom and top portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
62. The camera according to claim 61, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
63. The camera according to claim 61, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
64. A view finder of a camera comprising:
a refractive type lens; and
a diffractive optical element having a diffraction efficiency more than 0.8 for a wavelength range from 0.4 m to 0.7 m, said diffractive optical element and refractive type lens being arranged along an optical axis of the view finder.
65. The view finder according to claim 64, wherein said diffractive optical element includes first, second and third optical regions which are arranged successively viewed in a direction of the optical axis, a first relief pattern formed in a first boundary surface between the first and second optical regions, and a second relief pattern formed in a second boundary surface between the second and third optical regions.
66. The view finder according to claim 65, wherein a depth d1 of the first relief pattern and a depth d2 of the second relief pattern are smaller than 10 m.
67. The view finder according to claim 65, wherein a depth d1 of the first relief pattern is smaller than a depth d2 of the second relief pattern.
68. The view finder according to claim 65, wherein an Abbe’s number u1 of the first optical region is larger than are Abbe’s number u3 of the third optical region.
69. The view finder according to claim 65, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns is constructed as a blazed grating.
70. The view finder according to claim 69, wherein a surface of the first optical region opposed to the surface in which the first relief pattern is formed is curved and a surface of the third optical region opposed to the surface in which the second relief pattern is formed is curved.
71. The view finder according to claim 69, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns has a sawtooth cross sectional configuration including sharply raising sides and gently raising sides.
72. The view finder according to claim 71, wherein each of said first, second and third optical regions has a substantially constant refractive index.
73. The view finder according to claim 72, wherein a refractive index n1 of the first optical region is different from a refractive index n3 of the third optical region and the refractive indices n1 and n3 are larger than a refractive index n2 of the second optical region.
74. The view finder according to claim 71, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are arranged in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with top and bottom portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
75. The view finder according to claim 74, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
76. The view finder according to claim 74, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
77. The view finder according to claim 74, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are extended up to points situating between the bottom portions and the top portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
78. The view finder according to claim 71, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are aligned in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with bottom and top portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
79. The view finder according to claim 78, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
80. The view finder according to claim 78, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
81. The view finder according to claim 69, wherein each of said first and second relief patterns has a rectangular cross sectional configuration having top and bottom portions.
82. The view finder according to claim 81, wherein each of said first, second and third optical regions has a substantially constant refractive index.
83. The view finder according to claim 82, wherein a refractive index n1 of the first optical region is different from a refractive index n3 of the third optical region and the refractive indices n1 and n3 are larger than a refractive index n2 of the second optical region.
84. The view finder according to claim 81, wherein said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are arranged in a direction of the optical axis such that the top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with the bottom and top portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
85. The view finder according to claim 84, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
86. The view finder according to claim 84, wherein said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
87. An image pick-up optical system comprising:
a refractive type lens; and
two diffractive optical surfaces, said diffractive optical surfaces and refractive type lens being arranged along an optical axis of the image pick-up optical system and said diffractive optical surfaces being arranged successively viewed in a direction of the optical axis; wherein
each of the diffractive optical surfaces is formed as a relief pattern having a sawtooth cross sectional configuration including sharply raising sides and gently raising sides and having a diffraction efficiency more than 0.8 for a wavelength range from 0.4 m to 0.7 m.
88. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and a depth d1 of the first relief pattern and a depth d2 of the second relief pattern are smaller than 10 m.
89. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and a depth d1 of the first relief pattern is smaller than a depth d2 of the second relief pattern.
90. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and each of said first and second relief patterns is constructed as a blazed grating.
91. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are arranged in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with top and bottom portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
92. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that a space is formed between the top portions of the first relief pattern and the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
93. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
94. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are extended up to points situating between the bottom portions and the top portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
95. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and said first and second relief patterns have an identical pitch distribution and are aligned in a direction of the optical axis such that top and bottom portions of the first relief pattern are aligned with bottom and top portions of the second relief pattern, respectively.
96. The image pick-up optical system according to claim 87, wherein said two diffractive optical surfaces are formed by a first relief pattern and a second relief pattern, and said first and second relief patterns are arranged such that the top portions of the first relief pattern are contacted with the bottom portions of the second relief pattern viewed in the direction of the optical axis.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A reversible dual-color floor pad module, comprising a square body being provided along each edge of a first pair of two opposite edges with alternate first dovetails and corresponding dovetail grooves, such that a number of said first dovetails is N, which is a natural number larger than 1, and a number of said dovetail grooves is N1; said square body also being provided along each edge of a second pair of two opposite edges with spaced second dovetails and said first dovetails, and corresponding dovetail grooves between two adjacent ones of said first and said second dovetails and two adjacent ones of said first dovetails, such that a total number of said first dovetails and said second dovetails, and a number of said dovetail grooves at each edge of said second pair of two opposite edges being N1 and N, respectively; and
said second dovetails being always located at four corners of each said square body, and each of said second dovetails being integrally formed from a triangle, a rectangle, and a trapezoid; said triangle being connected at a base to one shorter side of said rectangle, which being then connected at another shorter side to a vertical side of said trapezoid.
2. The reversible dual-color floor pad module as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shorter side of said rectangle connected to the base of said triangle is flush with one of the first pair of two opposite edges that is adjacent to said rectangle, so that said triangle is projected from said adjacent edge, and another side of said trapezoid opposite to said rectangle having an inclination corresponding to that of two sides of said first dovetail.
3. The reversible dual-color floor pad module as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first dovetails formed along each edge of said second pair of two opposite edges of said square body has a shape identical to that of said first dovetails provided along each edge of said first pair of two opposite edges of said square body.
4. The reversible dual-color floor pad module as claimed in claim 2, wherein said dovetail grooves formed on each edge of said second pair of two opposite edges of said square body has a shape inverse to that of said first dovetails provided along each edge of said first pair of two opposite edges of said square body.