1. An optical waveform shaper, comprising:
a polarization device which splits an optical signal into first and second polarization element being perpendicular to one another;
first and second optical waveform shaping units which carry out waveform shaping for the first and second polarization elements, respectively; and
a polarization device which carries out the polarization-coupling of the outputs from said first and second optical waveform-shaper units, wherein
each of said first and second optical waveform shaping units is an optical waveform shaper including a first interferometer and a second interferometer, wherein
one of the first and second interferometers has a first transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is positive when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
the other of the first and second interferometers has a second transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is negative when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
each of the first and second interferometers has first and second input ports and first and second output ports,
an optical path from the first input port to the first output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the first transfer function, and an optical path from the first input port to the second output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the second transfer function,
an input optical signal is provided to the first input port of the first interferometer, the output optical signal from the first output port of the first interferometer is guided to the first input port of the second interferometer, and the second output port of the second interferometer is coupled to an output port of the optical waveform shaper, and wherein
the first and second transfer functions are determined in such a way that a total transfer function of the first and second transfer functions satisfies the conditions of FWmFWs>1, and Wtr<FWm, and wherein
FWm is a width of a region where output power of the optical waveform shaper is substantially flat at a high-emission level with respect to input power of the optical waveform shaper, FWs is a width of a region where output power of the optical waveform shaper is substantially flat at a low-emission level with respect to input power of the optical waveform shaper, and Wtr is a width of a region where output power of the optical waveform shaper rises from the low-emission level to the high-emission level with respect to input power of the optical waveform shaper.
2. An optical waveform shaper comprising:
a first interferometer and a second interferometer connected in series, wherein
one of the first and second interferometers has a first transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is positive when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
the other of the first and second interferometers has a second transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is negative when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
each of the first and second interferometers has first and second input ports and first and second output ports,
an optical path from the first input port to the first output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the first transfer function, and an optical path from the first input port to the second output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the second transfer function,
an input optical signal is provided to the first input port of the first interferometer, the output optical signal from the first output port of the first interferometer is guided to the first input port of the second interferometer, and the second output port of the second interferometer is coupled to an output port of the optical waveform shaper, and wherein
the first and second transfer functions are determined in such a way that a total transfer function of the first and second transfer functions satisfies the conditions of FWmFWs>1, and Wtr<FWm, and wherein
FWm is a width of a region where output power of the optical waveform shaper is substantially flat at a high-emission level with respect to input power of the optical waveform shaper, FWs is a width of a region where output power of the optical waveform shaper is substantially flat at a low-emission level with respect to input power of the optical waveform shaper, and Wtr is a width of a region where output power of the optical waveform shaper rises from the low-emission level to the high-emission level with respect to input power of the optical waveform shaper.
3. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, wherein the interferometer comprises:
an input port;
first and second propagation paths, with different optical nonlinearities from one another, propagating the optical signal input through said input port;
a coupler which couples the optical signals propagated by said first and the second propagation paths; and
an output port which outputs the optical signal coupled by said coupler.
4. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 3, wherein
the interferometer is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
5. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 3, wherein
the phase difference is generated between the optical signal propagated in said first propagation path and the optical signal propagated in said second propagation path by self phase modulation of the input optical signals in said first andor second propagation path.
6. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, wherein,
at least a part of a pair of optical propagation paths generating interference phenomenon shares an optical propagation path in the interferometer.
7. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 6, wherein
the interferometer is a nonlinear loop mirror.
8. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, further comprising:
an optical source generating an optical bias with a different wavelength from that of the optical signal that has its waveform shaped by said optical waveform shaper; and
guiding means for guiding the optical bias generated by said optical source to the interferometer.
9. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, further comprising:
a polarization control device, placed in the stage before the interferometer, which outputs the optical signal with its waveform to be shaped by the optical waveform shaper, as an optical signal with a single polarization state.
10. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, further comprising:
detection means for detecting differences in the optical path lengths of a pair of optical propagation paths in each interferometer;
adjustment means for adjusting at least one optical path length in the pair of the optical propagation paths; and
control means for controlling said adjustment means based on the difference in the optical path length detected by said detection means.
11. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, further comprising:
detection means for detecting the optical power or noise of an input optical signal;
adjustment means, placed before the interferometer, for adjusting the optical power of the input optical signal; and
control means for controlling said adjustment means based on the detection result of said detection means.
12. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, further comprising:
detection means for detecting the optical power or noise of an input optical signal; and
control means for adjusting the transfer function of the interferometer based on the detection result of said detection means.
13. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, wherein
each interferometer is a polarizing interferometer in which the substantially linear polarization of a pair of optical propagation paths is mutually perpendicular, and the mutually perpendicular linear polarizations are split and coupled by a polarizer.
14. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 13, further comprising:
an optical source generating an optical adjuster with a different wavelength from that of the optical signal that has its waveform shaped by said optical waveform shaper; and
guiding means for guiding the optical adjuster generated by said optical source to the interferometer.
15. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 13, further comprising:
a polarization device which splits an optical signal into first and second polarization element being perpendicular to one another;
first and second optical waveform shaping units which carry out waveform shaping for the first and second polarization elements, respectively; and
a polarization device which carries out the polarization-coupling of the outputs from said first and second optical waveform-shaper units.
16. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 13, further comprising:
detection means for detecting differences in the optical path lengths of a pair of optical propagation paths in each interferometer;
adjustment means for adjusting at least one optical path length in the pair of the optical propagation paths; and
control means for controlling said adjustment means based on the difference in the optical path length detected by said detection means.
17. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 2, wherein
the first and second transfer functions are controlled by phase shift caused by self phase modulation,
wherein the following four parameters a1, a2, T1, and Tm are configured so that they meet predetermined conditions, and wherein
a1 is a difference in phase shift between a pair of paths in the first interferometer proportional to unit optical power, a2 is a difference in phase shift between a pair of paths in the second interferometer proportional to unit optical power, T1 is a transmissivity in the first interferometer considering gain and loss, but disregarding interference effects, and Tm is a transmissivity considering gain between the first interferometer and the second interferometer.
18. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 17, wherein
the first interferometer has the second transfer function, and the second interferometer has the first transfer function, meeting a condition 1.5<(a2a1)\xd7T1\xd7Tm<7.
19. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 17, wherein
the first interferometer has the second transfer function, and the second interferometer has the first transfer function, meeting a condition 0.2<(a2a1)\xd7T1\xd7Tm<0.8.
20. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 17, wherein
the first interferometer has the first transfer function, and the second interferometer has the second transfer function, meeting a condition 0<(a2a1)\xd7T1\xd7Tm<0.8.
21. The optical waveform shaper according to claim 17, wherein
the first interferometer has the second transfer function, and the second interferometer has the second transfer function, meeting a condition 0<(a2a1)\xd7T1\xd7Tm<3.
22. An optical waveform shaper comprising;
a first interferometer and a second interferometer connected in series, wherein
one of the first and second interferometers has a first transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is positive when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
the other of the first and second interferometers has a second transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is negative when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
each of the first and second interferometers has first and second input ports and first and second output ports,
an optical path from the first input port to the first output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the first transfer function, and an optical path from the first input port to the second output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the second transfer function, and
an input optical signal is provided to the first input port of the first interferometer, the output optical signal from the first output port of the first interferometer is guided to the first input port of the second interferometer, and the second output port of the second interferometer is coupled to an output port of the optical waveform shaper.
23. An optical waveform shaper comprising;
a first interferometer and a second interferometer connected in series, wherein
one of the first and second interferometers has a first transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is positive when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
the other of the first and second interferometers has a second transfer function, where the second order derivative of output optical power in respect to the input optical power is negative when the input optical power is zero or substantially zero, and the output optical power shows substantially periodic changes with respect to the input optical power,
each of the first and second interferometers has first and second input ports and first and second output ports,
an optical path from the first input port to the first output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the first transfer function, and an optical path from the first input port to the second output port in each of the first and second interferometers provides the second transfer function, and
an input optical signal is provided to the first input port of the first interferometer, the output optical signal from the second output port of the first interferometer is guided to the first input port of the second interferometer, and the first output port of the second interferometer is coupled to an output port of the optical waveform shaper.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electronic card connector, comprising:
an insulating body, including a first positioning rod installed onto a wall surface inside the insulating body in a card inserting direction of the electronic card connector, and a protruding member installed onto a wall surface inside the insulating body along a lateral side of the card inserting direction;
a sliding portion, disposed at the insulating body, and a lateral side of the sliding portion along the card inserting direction sliding against the protruding member, and an opposite lateral side of the sliding portion having a second positioning rod and a latch arm, and a heart-shaped guide groove being disposed between two lateral sides of the sliding portion, and the second positioning rod corresponding to the first positioning rod, and the latch arm and the second positioning rod being disposed back to back with each other, and a pushed portion being disposed between the second positioning rod and the latch arm;
a guide rod, with an end pivotally coupled to the insulating body, and another end disposed at the heart-shaped guide groove;
a resilient element, with both ends disposed at the first positioning rod and the second positioning rod respectively; and
a cover, for covering the insulating body to form a slot; an electronic card can be inserted from the slot into the electronic card connector along the card inserting direction, and a pushing portion of the electronic card pushes the pushed portion, such that a lateral side of the sliding portion slides on the protruding member, and a latch portion of the latch arm latches a notch of the electronic card.
2. The electronic card connector of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of conducting terminals disposed in the insulating body and contacted with the electronic card.
3. The electronic card connector of claim 1, wherein the insulating body includes a plurality of latch protruding members, and the cover includes a plurality of latch holes, and the latch protruding members can latch the latch holes for covering and fixing the cover onto the insulating body.
4. The electronic card connector of claim 1, wherein a concave opening of the heart-shaped guide groove faces the slot.
5. The electronic card connector of claim 1, further comprising a guide arm separately bent from two ends of the guide rod, and one of the guide arms being pivotally coupled to the insulating body, and another guide arm being installed at the heart-shaped guide groove.
6. The electronic card connector of claim 1, wherein the resilient element is a spring.