1. A working fluid, comprising,
(A) water;
(B) a water soluble polymeric compound comprising an oxygen-comprising group and having a number average molecular weight of 6,000 to 3,000,000; and
(C) a nonionic surfactant having a clouding point of 10 to 70\xb0 C. in a 1% by mass aqueous solution.
2. The working fluid of claim 1, wherein the oxygen-comprising group of the component water soluble polymeric compound (B) is selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an oxyethylene group and an oxypropylene group.
3. The working fluid of claim 1, wherein the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid-based polymeric compound and an alkylene glycol-based polymeric compound.
4. The working fluid of claim 3, wherein the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is a combination of the carboxylic acid-based polymeric compound and the alkylene glycol-based polymeric compound.
5. The working fluid of claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant (C) comprises an oxypropylene group and has a number average molecular weight of 70 to 5,000.
6. The working fluid of claim 1, wherein
a content of the water (A) is 50 to 99% by mass,
a content of the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is 0.01 to 30% by mass, and
a content of the nonionic surfactant (C) is 0.1 to 20% by mass,
based on a total amount of the working fluid.
7. The working fluid of claim 1, wherein the working fluid has a pH of 2 to 10.
8. The working fluid of claim 7, wherein the working fluid comprises an acid component and an alkaline component, and wherein the pH is adjusted by controlling a blending ratio of the acid component and the alkaline component.
9. The working fluid of claim 2, wherein the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid-based polymeric compound and an alkylene glycol-based polymeric compound.
10. The working fluid of claim 9, wherein the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is a combination of the carboxylic acid-based polymeric compound and the alkylene glycol-based polymeric compound.
11. The working fluid of claim 2, wherein the nonionic surfactant (C) comprises an oxypropylene group and has a number average molecular weight of 70 to 5,000.
12. The working fluid of claim 3, wherein the nonionic surfactant (C) comprises an oxypropylene group and has a number average molecular weight of 70 to 5,000.
13. The working fluid of claim 4, wherein the nonionic surfactant (C) comprises an oxypropylene group and has a number average molecular weight of 70 to 5,000.
14. The working fluid of claim 2, wherein
a content of the water (A) is 50 to 99% by mass,
a content of the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is 0.01 to 30% by mass, and
a content of the nonionic surfactant (C) is 0.1 to 20% by mass,
based on a total amount of the working fluid.
15. The working fluid of claim 3, wherein
a content of the water (A) is 50 to 99% by mass,
a content of the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is 0.01 to 30% by mass, and
a content of the nonionic surfactant (C) is 0.1 to 20% by mass,
based on a total amount of the working fluid.
16. The working fluid of claim 4, wherein
a content of the water (A) is 50 to 99% by mass,
a content of the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is 0.01 to 30% by mass, and
a content of the nonionic surfactant (C) is 0.1 to 20% by mass,
based on a total amount of the working fluid.
17. The working fluid of claim 5, wherein
a content of the water (A) is 50 to 99% by mass,
a content of the water soluble polymeric compound (B) is 0.01 to 30% by mass, and
a content of the nonionic surfactant (C) is 0.1 to 20% by mass,
based on a total amount of the working fluid.
18. The working fluid of claim 2, wherein the working fluid has a pH of 2 to 10.
19. The working fluid of claim 3, wherein the working fluid has a pH of 2 to 10.
20. The working fluid of claim 4, wherein the working fluid has a pH of 2 to 10.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A composition for forming an imprinting ink, the composition comprising:
a dissolved condensation product of:
at least one of a first silane compound of Formula 1 and a second silane compound of Formula 2; and
a compound of Formula 3:
wherein R1-R9 are individually selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl groups and a phenyl group, and wherein n is a positive integer having a value of at least 2;
the composition further comprising:
a protic acid such that the composition has a pH in the range of 3-5; and
an organic solvent system comprising a primary or a secondary alcohol and water.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the dissolved condensation product comprises the first and second silane compounds in a molar ratio of 1:5-5:1.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein n is 2, 3, 4 or 5.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein:
the dissolved condensation product is formed from a silane content in the composition of 1-20 wt % based on the weight of the silanes when fully condensated and a content of Formula 3 in the composition of 1-10 wt % based on the total weight of the composition prior to the formation of said condensation product; and
the organic solvent system has a content in the composition of 25-98 wt % based on said total weight of the composition.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first compound is methyltrimethoxysilane and the second compound is tetramethoxysilane.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent system comprises at least one of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol and 1-methoxy-2-propanol.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the organic solvent system further comprises 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxyl)ethane.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 3 is selected from diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a water content of 5-20 mole per mole of silicon in said composition.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pH of the composition is in the range of 3.5-4.5 and more preferably is 4.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the protic acid is selected from acetic acid, formic acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl).
12. The composition of claim 1, further comprising nanoparticles such as silicon nanoparticles.
13. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a luminescent compound such as a phosphor or a luminescent dye.
14. An imprinting ink comprising a composition that includes:
a dissolved condensation product of:
at least one of a first silane compound of Formula 1 and a second silane compound of Formula 2; and
a compound of Formula 3:
wherein R1-R9 are individually selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl groups and a phenyl group, and wherein n is a positive integer having a value of at least 2;
the composition further comprising:
a protic acid such that the composition has a pH in the range of 3-5; and
an organic solvent system comprising a primary or a secondary alcohol and water,
and wherein the imprinting ink further comprises one of a photo-acid generator, a photoinitiator and a thermal acid generator.
15. The imprinting ink of claim 14, wherein the photo-acid generator is Irgacure PAG 103.
16. The imprinting ink of claim 14, further comprising a sensitizing agent for sensitizing the photo-acid generator.
17. The imprinting ink of claim 14, wherein the photo-acid generator or thermal acid generator has a content in the ink of 1-10 wt % based on the weight of the silane compounds when fully condensated.
18. A method of forming a patterned layer on a substrate, comprising:
depositing an imprinting ink on the substrate;
imprinting the deposited imprinting ink with a stamp carrying a pattern;
solidifying the imprinting ink by activating one of a photo-acid generator, a photoinitiator and a thermal acid generator in said composition; and
removing the stamp following the solidification.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said activating of the photo-acid generator or the photoinitiator comprises irradiating the imprinting ink with UV radiation having a wavelength of at least 350 nm.
20. Use of an imprinting ink for an imprinting process, the imprinting ink comprising a composition that includes:
a dissolved condensation product of:
at least one of a first silane compound of Formula 1 and a second silane compound of Formula 2; and
a compound of Formula 3:
wherein R1-R9 are individually selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl groups and a phenyl group, and wherein n is a positive integer having a value of at least 2;
the composition further comprising:
a protic acid such that the composition has a pH in the range of 3-5; and
an organic solvent system comprising a primary or a secondary alcohol and water.
21. The method of claim 18, comprising using a stamp carrying a pattern, wherein a pattern carrying part of the stamp comprises a rubber material.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the rubber material is a poly dimethylsiloxane.
23. The method claim 22, wherein the imprinting ink is irradiated with UV irradiation having a wavelength higher than 250 nm, and wherein irradiation takes place through the stamp.
24. A substrate comprising a patterned layer that is obtainable by performing a method comprising:
depositing an imprinting ink on the substrate;
imprinting the deposited imprinting ink with a stamp carrying a pattern;
solidifying the imprinting ink by activating one of a photo-acid generator, a photoinitiator and a thermal acid generator in said composition; and
removing the stamp following the solidification.