1. A trading system, comprising:
a computer system storing program instructions executable to:
implement an application programming interface (API) for foreign exchange trading, wherein the API includes a set of routines executable to permit client computer systems to automatically make and take orders for foreign exchange instruments.
2. The trading system of claim 1, wherein the orders include bids and offers for spot currency trades, and wherein the set of routines is configured to receive orders for the spot currency trades via a machine-to-machine communication protocol.
3. The trading system of claim 1, wherein the API permits client computer systems to reformat one or more limit order books for one or more trading entities.
4. The trading system of claim 1, wherein the API permits client computer systems to truncate custom limit order books for one or more trading entities.
5. The trading system of claim 1, wherein the program instructions are executable to match spot currency trades.
6. The trading system of claim 1, wherein the program instructions are executable to anonymously match trades of foreign exchange items between trading entities that do not have a direct line of credit.
7. The trading system of claim 1, wherein the program instructions are executable to implement a graphical user interface (GUI) to permit client computer systems to make and take orders for foreign exchange instruments.
8. A method, comprising:
a computer trading system receiving, from a client computer system, a communication at an application programming interface (API) of a foreign exchange computer trading system, wherein the communication specifies, via one or more routines of the API, an action relating to trading of foreign exchange instruments; and
the computer trading system performing the action specified by the communication received via the API.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the communication is in a machine-to-machine communication format, and wherein the action is posting an order to the computer trading system from a trading entity.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the communication is in a machine-to-machine communication format, and wherein the action is a first trading entity hitting an order posted to the computer trading system by a second trading entity.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the action includes obtaining back office information for a first trading entity.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the action includes reformatting a set of current orders for a first trading entity.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the action includes setting values limiting trading of one or more foreign exchange instruments by a first trading entity.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the action includes estimating a cost for a first trading entity to liquidate its position in a traded item.
15. The method of claim 8, wherein the action includes estimating a first trading entity’s current profitloss amount for one or more positions being held in one or more of the foreign exchange instruments.
16. A method, comprising:
a client computer system sending a communication to an application programming interface (API) of a foreign exchange (FX) trading system, wherein the API includes routines that permit the client computer system to interact with the FX trading system without using a graphical user interface (GUI).
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the communication specifies one or more orders to be posted to the FX trading system, wherein the FX trading system receiving the communication causes the one or more orders to be posted.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the communication specifies to hit one or more orders posted to the FX trading system, wherein the FX trading system receiving the communication causes the one or more orders to be hit.
19. The method of claim 16, further comprising the client computer system sending another communication to a GUI implemented by the FX trading system.
20. The method of claim 16, further comprising the client computer system sending another communication to an HTTP interface implemented by the FX trading system, wherein the HTTP interface permits queries to be made to the FX trading system.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A sensing device comprising:
a circuit including a coil that can be electromagnetically coupled to another coil outside of the circuit and a capacitor;
a temperature measuring unit that measures a temperature of the coil;
a sensing unit that measures a measured Q value of the circuit;
a correction unit that generates a temperature-corrected measured Q value using the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit; and
a determination unit that compares the temperature-corrected measured Q value with a threshold Q value and determines the presence or absence of a metallic foreign material,
wherein,
the threshold Q value is either
(a) a predetermined Q value corresponding to a Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit, or
(b) a temperature-corrected predetermined Q value corresponding to the Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit.
2. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein the threshold Q value is the predetermined Q value corresponding to the Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not the sensing unit.
3. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein the threshold Q value is the temperature-corrected predetermined Q value corresponding to the Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit.
4. The sensing device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the determination unit determines the presence of the metallic foreign material when the temperature-corrected measured Q value exceeds the threshold Q value.
5. The sensing device of claim 1 or 3, where the determination unit determines the presence of the metallic foreign material when the temperature-corrected measured Q value exceeds the temperature-corrected predetermined Q value.
6. The sensing device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature-corrected measured Q value is subject to a relationship:
temperature-corrected measured Q Value=(Q value at steady temperature)\xd7{1\u2212(measured temperature\u2212steady temperature)\xd7(metal temperature coefficient)},
where,
steady temperature means a predetermined temperature, and
metal temperature coefficient is a temperature coefficient for a metal of which the coil is made.
7. The sensing device of claim 1 or 3, wherein the temperature-corrected predetermined threshold value is subject to a relationship:
temperature-corrected predetermined Q value=(predetermined Q value at steady temperature)\xd7{1\u2212(measured temperature-steady temperature)\xd7(metal temperature coefficient)},
where,
steady temperature means a predetermined temperature, and
metal temperature coefficient is a temperature coefficient for a metal of which the coil is made.
8. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein a corrected efficiency between the coils after generation of the temperature-corrected Q value is subject to a relationship:
corrected efficiency between coils=(corrected primary-side Q Value\xd7corrected secondary-side Q value\xd7k)2{1+\u221a(1+corrected primary-side Q value\xd7corrected secondary-side Q value\xd7k)}2,
where,
k denotes a coupling coefficient,
the corrected primary side Q value is the Q value for the primary coil as corrected for coil temperature thereof, and
the corrected secondary side Q value is the Q value of the secondary coil as corrected for coil temperature thereof.
9. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein, given a coupling coefficient between the primary and secondary coils that is sufficiently small, the efficiency of the coils after the correction for coil temperatures is approximately subject to a relationship as follows:
corrected efficiency between the coils=value of efficiency between the coils at steady temperature\u2212{0.2\xd7\u221a(temperature at primary coil\xd7temperature measured at Secondary coil)\u2212steady temperature},
where,
steady temperature is a predetermined temperature.
10. The sensing device of claim 1, further comprising a memory for storing the threshold Q value, wherein the determination unit reads the threshold Q value stored in the memory, and then compares the threshold Q value to the corrected measured Q value.
11. The sensing device of claim 1, further comprising a control unit for stopping electromagnetic coupling between the coil and the outside when the temperature of the coil measured by the temperature measuring unit exceeds a predetermined value.
12. The sensing device of claim 1, wherein:
the temperature measuring unit uses a thermistor, and
the sensing unit acquires a voltage value corresponding to the temperature of the coil from the temperature measuring unit and measures the temperature of the coil using the voltage value.
13. A power reception device comprising:
a circuit including a coil that electromagnetically receives power from outside the circuit and a capacitor;
a temperature measuring unit that measures a temperature of the coil;
a sensing unit that measures a measured Q value of the circuit;
a correction unit that generates a temperature-corrected measured Q value using the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit; and
a determination unit that compares the temperature-corrected measured Q value with a threshold Q value and determines the presence or absence of a metallic foreign material,
wherein,
the threshold Q value is either (a) a predetermined Q value corresponding to a Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit or (b) a temperature-corrected predetermined Q value corresponding to the Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit.
14. A power transmission device comprising:
a circuit including a coil that electromagnetically transmits power to an outside of the circuit and a capacitor;
a temperature measuring unit that measures a temperature of the coil;
a sensing unit that measures a measured Q value of the circuit across the capacitor;
a correction unit that generates a temperature-corrected measured Q value using the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit; and
a determination unit that compares the temperature-corrected measured Q value with a threshold Q value and determines the presence or absence of a metallic foreign material,
wherein,
the threshold Q value is either (a) a predetermined Q value corresponding to a Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit or (b) a temperature-corrected predetermined Q value corresponding to the Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit.
15. A non-contact power transmission system comprising (a) a power transmission device for wirelessly transmitting power; and (b) a power reception device for receiving the power from the power transmission device, one of the power transmission device or the power reception device including:
a circuit with a coil electromagnetically coupled to another coil in the other of the power reception device or the power transmission device and a capacitor;
a temperature measuring unit that measures a temperature of the coil;
a sensing unit that measures a measured Q value of the circuit across the capacitor;
a correction unit that generates a temperature-corrected measured Q value using the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit; and
a determination unit that compares the temperature-corrected measured Q value with a threshold Q value and determines the presence or absence of a metallic foreign material,
wherein,
the threshold Q value is either (a) a predetermined Q value corresponding to a Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit or (b) a temperature-corrected predetermined Q value corresponding to the Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit.
16. A sensing method comprising:
providing a circuit including (a) a coil that can be electromagnetically coupled to an outside of the circuit and a capacitor, (b) a temperature measuring unit that can measure a temperature of the coil, (c) a sensing unit that can measure a measured Q value of the circuit across the capacitor, (d) a correction unit that can generate a temperature-corrected measured Q value using the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit, and (e) a determination unit that can compare the temperature-corrected measured Q value with a threshold Q value and determine the presence of a metallic foreign material, the method comprising the steps of:
measuring the temperature of the coil with the temperature measuring unit;
measuring the measured Q value of the circuit with the sensing unit;
generating the temperature-corrected Q value for the circuit with the correction unit;
comparing the temperature-corrected Q value and the threshold Q value with the determination unit; and
determining with the determination unit the presence of the metallic foreign material when the temperature-corrected Q value exceeds the threshold Q value,
wherein,
the threshold Q value is either (a) a predetermined Q value corresponding to a Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit or (b) a temperature-corrected predetermined Q value corresponding to the Q value for the circuit when the metallic foreign material is not proximate the sensing unit.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the determination unit determines that the metallic foreign material is sufficiently proximate the sensing device when the temperature-corrected measured Q value exceeds the temperature-corrected predetermined Q value.