1. A sensory output system comprising:
a data input section adapted to provide one or more electrical signals representative of relevant information;
a user input section comprising a plurality of sensing elements, each of said sensing elements adapted to provide an electrical signal representative of user input thereto;
a processor adapted to
receive said electrical signals from said data input section and said electrical signals from said user input section,
compare said electrical signals received from said data input section with said electrical signals received from said user input section, and
provide a sensory output signal when any of said electrical signals received from said user input section corresponds to a respective one of said electrical signals received from said data input section according to predetermined criteria; and
a sensory output section adapted to receive said sensory output signal from said processor and to provide a sensory output in response to said sensory output signal.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said sensory output comprises haptic output.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said relevant information is representative of a geometric form.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein said geometric form emulates an alphanumeric character.
5. The system of claim 3 wherein said geometric form emulates a clock face.
6. The system of claim 3 wherein said geometric form emulates a Braille character.
7. The system of claim 3 wherein ones of said plurality of sensing elements are arranged in a form corresponding to said geometric form.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said plurality of sensing elements comprises a touch input pad.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein said touch input panel is substantially devoid of perceptible information representative of said geometric form.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein said geometric form is not displayed on said touch input panel.
11. A method of enabling a user to determine the content of relevant information using a sensory output device, comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of electrical signals collectively representative of said relevant information;
providing a user input section, said user input section comprising a plurality of sensing elements, each of said sensing elements adapted to provide an electrical signal representative of user input thereto;
providing a processor adapted to receive said electrical signals from said data input section and said user input section, said processor adapted to compare said electrical signals received from said data input section with said electrical signals received from said user input section and further adapted to provide a sensory output signal when any of said electrical signals received from said user input section corresponds to a respective one of electrical signals received from said data input section according to predetermined criteria; and
providing a sensory output section adapted to receive said sensory output signal from said processor and to provide a sensory output in response to said sensory output signal.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said sensory output comprises haptic output.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein said relevant information is representative of a geometric form.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said geometric form emulates an alphanumeric character.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein said geometric form emulates a clock face.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein said geometric form emulates a Braille character.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein ones of said plurality of sensing elements are arranged in a form corresponding to said geometric form.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said plurality of sensing elements comprises a touch input panel.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said touch input panel is substantially devoid of perceptible information representative of said geometric form.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein said geometric form is not displayed on said touch input panel.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A complex of ruthenium of the structural formula I,
where X1 and X2 are identical or different and are each an anionic ligand,
R1 and R2 are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups are identical or different and are selected independently from among straight-chain, branched, cyclic or noncyclic radicals from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms and silyl radicals, or R1 and R2 form a ring,
where one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon or silyl groups or both the hydrocarbon and silyl group can be replaced independently by identical or different alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, metallocenyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups, the ligand L1 is an N-heterocyclic carbene of the formulae II-V and the ligand L2 is an N-heterocyclic carbene of the formulae III-V or an amine, imine, phosphine, phosphite, arsine, carbonyl compound, carboxyl compound, nitrile, alcohol, ether, thiol or thioether,
where R1, R2, R3 and R4 in the formulae II, III, IV and V are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups comprise identical or different, cyclic, noncyclic, straight-chain orand branched radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms and aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms, in which at least one hydrogen may be replaced by functional groups, and where one or both of R3 and R4 may be identical or different halogen, nitro, nitroso, alkoxy, aryloxy, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups.
2. A complex as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 in the formulae II, III, IV and V form a fused-on ring system.
3. A complex as claimed in claim 1, wherein L1 and L2 form a chelating ligand of the formula VI
L1-Y-L2\u2003\u2003VI
where the bridges Y comprise cyclic, noncyclic, straight-chain or branched radicals selected from the group consisting of alkylene radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenylene radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynylene radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, arylene radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms, metallocenylene, borylene and silylene radicals in which one or more hydrogens may be replaced independently by identical or different alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, metallocenyl, halo, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups.
4. A process for preparing acyclic olefins having two or more carbon atoms or cyclic olefins having four or more carbon atoms, in each case of the formula VII
from acyclic olefins having two or more carbon atoms or from cyclic olefins having four or more carbon atoms, in each case corresponding to the formula VII by an olefin metathesis reaction in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising the complex as claimed in claim 1 and R\u20321, R\u20322, R\u20323 and R\u20324 in the formula VII are hydrogen or hydrocarbon groups, where the hydrocarbon groups are each selected independently from among straight-chain, branched, cyclic or noncyclic radicals of the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms, metallocenyl or silyl radicals, in which one or more hydrogens may be replaced by a functional group, where one or more R\u20321, R\u20322, R\u20323 and R\u20324 may independently be identical or different halogen, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio, sulfonyl or metallocenyl groups.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein R\u20321, R\u20322, R\u20323 and R\u20324 in the olefins of the formula VII to be prepared form, in pairs, one or more identical or different rings.
6. A complex of ruthenium of the structural formula I,
where X1 and X2 are identical or different and are each an anionic ligand,
R1 and R2 are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups are identical or different and are selected independently from among straight-chain, branched, cyclic or noncyclic radicals from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms and silyl radicals, or R1 and R2 form a ring,
where one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon or silyl groups or both the hydrocarbon and silyl group can be replaced independently by identical or different alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, metallocenyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups or mixtures thereof, the ligand L1 is an N-heterocyclic carbene and the ligand L2 is N-heterocyclic carbene of the formulae III-V or an amine, imine, phosphine, stibine, arsine, carbonyl compound, carboxyl compound, nitrile, alcohol, ether, thiol or thioether and wherein formulae (III)-(V) are
where R1, R2, R3 and R4 in the formulae III, IV and V are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups comprise identical or different, cyclic, noncyclic, straight-chain orand branched radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms and aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms, in which at least one hydrogen may be replaced by functional groups, and where one or both of R3 and R4 may be identical or different and are halogen, nitro, nitroso, alkoxy, aryloxy, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups.
7. A complex of ruthenium of the structural formula I,
where X1 and X2 are identical or different and are each an anionic ligand,
R1 and R2 are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups are identical or different and are selected independently from among straight-chain, branched, cyclic or noncyclic radicals from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms and silyl radicals, or R1 and R2 form a ring,
where one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon or silyl groups or both the hydrocarbon and silyl group can be replaced independently by identical or different alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, metallocenyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups or mixtures thereof, the ligand L1 is an N-heterocyclic carbene and the ligand L2 is N-heterocyclic carbene of the formulae III-V or an amine, imine, phosphine, phosphite, arsine, carbonyl compound, carboxyl compound, nitrile, alcohol, ether, thiol or thioether and wherein formulae (III)-(V) are
where R1, R2, R3 and R4 in the formulae III, IV and V are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups comprise identical or different, cyclic, noncyclic, straight-chain orand branched radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms and aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms, in which at least one hydrogen may be replaced by functional groups, and where one or both of R3 and R4 may be identical or different and are halogen, nitro, nitroso, alkoxy, aryloxy, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups.
8. A complex of ruthenium of the structural formula I,
where X1 and X2 are identical or different and are each an anionic ligand,
R1 and R2 are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups are identical or different and are selected independently from among straight-chain, branched, cyclic or noncyclic radicals from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms and silyl radicals, or R1 and R2 form a ring,
where one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon or silyl groups or both the hydrocarbon and silyl group can be replaced independently by identical or different alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, metallocenyl, halogen, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups or mixtures thereof, the ligand L1 is an N-heterocyclic carbene and the ligand L2 is N-heterocyclic carbene of the formulae III-V or an amine, imine, phosphine, phosphite, stibine, carbonyl compound, carboxyl compound, nitrile, alcohol, ether, thiol or thioether and wherein formulae (III)-(V) are
where R1, R2, R3 and R4 in the formulae III, IV and V are identical or different and are each hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, where the hydrocarbon groups comprise identical or different, cyclic, noncyclic, straight-chain orand branched radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms and aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms, in which at least one hydrogen may be replaced by functional groups, and where one or both of R3 and R4 may be identical or different and are halogen, nitro, nitroso, alkoxy, aryloxy, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio or sulfonyl groups.
9. The complex as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ligand L2 is phosphine.
10. The complex as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ligand L2 is P(cyclohexyl)3, or P(phenyl)3.
11. The complex as claimed in claim 8, wherein X1 and X2 are halide, R1 and R2 are hydrogen or aryl or together form a ring and L2 is a phosphine)
12. A process for preparing acyclic olefins having two or more carbon atoms or cyclic olefins having four or more carbon atoms, in each case of the formula VII
from acyclic olefins having two or more carbon atoms or from cyclic olefins having four or more carbon atoms, in each case corresponding to the formula VII by an olefin metathesis reaction in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising the complex as claimed in claim 8 and R\u20321, R\u20322, R\u20323 and R\u20324 in the formula VII are identical or different and are hydrogen or hydrocarbon groups, where the hydrocarbon groups are each selected independently from among straight-chain, branched, cyclic or noncyclic radicals of the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having up to 50 carbon atoms, aryl radicals having up to 30 carbon atoms, metallocenyl or silyl radicals, in which one or more hydrogens may be replaced by a functional group,
where one or more of R\u20321, R\u20322, R\u20323 and R\u20324 may independently be identical or different halogen, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, carbonyl, thio, sulfonyl or metallocenyl groups.)
13. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein R\u20321, R\u20322, R\u20323 and R\u20324 in the olefins of the formula VII to be prepared form, in pairs, one or more identical or different rings.
14. In a process for olefin metathesis reaction wherein the improvement comprises using a catalyst which comprises the complex as claimed in claim 1.
15. In a process for olefin metathesis reaction wherein the improvement comprises using a catalyst which comprises the complex as claimed in claim 8.
16. An olefin metathesis process which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 8.
17. A process for ring-opening metathesis polymer which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 8.
18. A process for ring-closing metathesis which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 8.
19. A process for acyclic diene metatheis polymerization which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 8.
20. A process for depolymerization of an olefin polymer which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 8.
21. An olefin metathesis process which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 1.
22. A process for ring-opening metathesis polymer which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 1.
23. A process for ring-closing metathesis which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 1.
24. A process for acyclic diene metatheis polymerization which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 1.
25. A process for depolymerization of an olefin polymer which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 1.
26. In a process for olefin metathesis reaction wherein the improvement comprises using a catalyst which comprises the complex as claimed in claim 11.
27. An olefin metathesis process which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 11.
28. A process for ring-opening metathesis polymer which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 11.
29. A process for ring-closing metathesis which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 11.
30. A process for acyclic diene metatheis polymerization which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 11.
31. A process for depolymerization of an olefin polymer which comprises reacting an olefin with at least one double bond in the presence of a catalyst wherein said catalyst comprises the complex as claimed in claim 11.
32. The complex as claimed in claim 1, wherein R3 and R4 are identical or different and are hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, halogen or a carboxyl group.
33. The complex as claimed in claim 8, wherein R3 and R4 are identical or different and are hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, halogen or a carboxyl group.
34. The complex as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ligand L1 is a five membered N-heterocyclic carbene.
35. The complex as claimed in claim 11, wherein the ligand L1 is a five membered N-heterocyclic carbene.