1. An antenna apparatus comprising:
a circuit board in which a high-frequency circuit including a transmittingreceiving circuit is disposed; and
an antenna element which is electrically connected to the high-frequency circuit and radiates a vertical polarization,
wherein the antenna apparatus is disposed on an inner surface of a tread, in which steel wires are embedded, of a tire.
2. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising:
a metal base plate for holding the circuit board and the antenna element,
wherein the metal base plate is fixed on the inner surface of the tread, so that the circuit board and the antenna element are located at the inner side of the metal base plate in a radial direction of the tire.
3. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the antenna apparatus is disposed on the inner surface at the center in a width direction of the tread.
4. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the antenna element is an inverse-F antenna.
5. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the antenna element is a compound antenna which includes a helical antenna and a monopole antenna, the helical antenna extending helically and having an end connected to the metal base plate and another end being open, the monopole antenna being vertically mounted at a location to be substantially aligned with the center line of the helical antenna and having an end connected to the high-frequency circuit and another end being open, the helical antenna and the monopole antenna being electromagnetically connected to each other.
6. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising:
a case made of synthetic resin for covering the circuit board and the antenna element.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-11. (canceled)
12. High purity butoconazole nitrate salt of the Formula (I)
containing a maximum 0.1 wt % of chemical impurities.
13. High purity butoconazole nitrate salt according to claim 12, wherein at least 95% of the particles of the salt are below 75 \u03bcm in diameter, and wherein at least 99% of the particles of the salt are below 250 um in diameter.
14. A process for the preparation of a high purity butoconazole nitrate salt of the formula (I)
comprising the steps of:
a) reacting 1-chloro-4-chlorophenyl-2-butanol with imidazole in a mixture of a water immiscible solvent and an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to yield a compound of the Formula IV
(b) reacting the compound formula of the (IV) obtained in step a), with thionyl chloride in 1,2-dichloroethane as a solvent in the presence of dimethylformamide, whereas 1-1.2 mol of thionyl chloride reagent is used based on the amount of the compound of the formula (IV) to yield a compound of the formula (V)
and
(c) reacting the compound of the formula (V) obtained in step b), with 2,6-dichlorothiophenol to obtain the compound of the Formula (VI)
and without isolation of the compound of the Formula (VI), which remains in solution, adding nitric acid and isolating as a product the butoconazole nitrate salt of the Formula (I) having a maximum 0.1 wt % of chemical impurities.
15. A process according to claim 14, wherein according to step (a) the water immiscible solvent is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
16. A process according to claim 15, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene.
17. A process according to claim 14, wherein according to step (a) the alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate is respectively sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
18. A process according to claim 14, wherein according to step b), thionyl chloride is used in an amount of 1.1 mol per mole of the compound of the Formula (IV).
19. A process for the preparation of a high purity butoconazole nitrate salt, wherein at least 95% of the particles of the salt are below 75 \u03bcm in diameter, and whereas at least 99% of the particles of the salt are below 250 um in diameter, which comprises the steps of:
(a) dissolving the butoconazole nitrate salt starting material in a mixture of methanol and methyl isobutyl ketone of 1-1.5:1 ratio (vv) to form a solution;
(b) adding the solution formed according to step (a) to methyl isobutyl ketone cooled to a temperature between 5\xb0 and \u221215\xb0 C., and
(c) isolating the desired product.
20. A process according to claim 19, wherein according to step (b) the cooling temperature is between \u22125\xb0 C. and \u221210\xb0 c.
21. A process according the claim 19, wherein according to step (a) the mixture of methyl alcohol and methyl isobutyl ketone for dissolving the butoconazole nitrate salt starting material is employed in a volume ratio of methanolmethyl isobutyl ketone of 1.25:1.
22. An antimicrobial pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of the high purity butoconazole nitrate salt defined in claim 12 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier.
23. The high purity butoconazole nitrate salt containing a maximum 0.1 wt % of chemical impurities, prepared by the process defined in claim 14.
24. The high purity butoconazole nitrate salt, wherein at least 95% of the particles of the salt are below 75 \u03bcm in diameter, and wherein at least 99% of the particles of the salt are below 250 um in diameter, prepared by the process defined in claim 19.