1. An iron-type golf club head comprising:
a body having a face; and
a toe column on the face having a plurality of first scorelines;
a center column on the face having a plurality of second scorelines;
a heel column on the face having a plurality of third scorelines;
wherein each scoreline of the plurality of second scorelines is dislocated and shifted perpendicular to an adjacent scoreline of the plurality of first scorelines and the plurality of third scorelines by up to 0.0375 inch;
wherein the face has an amount of face area less than 0.12 square inches between a bottom perimeter of the face and each bottom scoreline of the plurality of first scorelines, the plurality of second scorelines and the plurality of third scorelines.
2. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 1 wherein the iron-type golf club head has a body composed of stainless steel, titanium alloy, carpenter steel, or any combination thereof.
3. An iron-type golf club head comprising:
a body having a face; and
a toe column on the face having a plurality of first scorelines;
a center column on the face having a plurality of second scorelines;
a heel column on the face having a plurality of third scorelines;
wherein each scoreline of the plurality of second scorelines is dislocated and shifted perpendicular to an adjacent scoreline of the plurality of first scorelines and the plurality of third scorelines by up to 0.0375 inch;
wherein the face has an amount of face area less than 0.12 square inches between a bottom perimeter of the face and each bottom scoreline of the plurality of first scorelines, the plurality of second scorelines and the plurality of third scorelines;
wherein parallel scorelines within each column of the toe column, the center column and the heel column have a parallel spacing greater than 0.075 inch.
4. The iron-type golf club head according to claim 3 wherein the body is composed of stainless steel, titanium alloy, carpenter steel, or any combination thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag including the steps of:
roasting the feedstock to enhance its leachability;
leaching said roasted feedstock in hot acid in a continuous manner in a substantially vertical co-current tubular reactor under substantially plug flow conditions.
2. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag including the steps of:
roasting the feedstock to enhance its leachability;
cooling the roasted feedstock under anaerobic conditions;
magnetically separating the cooled feedstock from any non or very weakly magnetic gangue mineral;
leaching said separated feedstock in hot acid in a continuous manner in a co-current substantially vertical tubular reactor under substantially plug flow conditions.
3. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feedstock is roasted in a multi-step process so as to oxidise the feedstock at a temperature in excess of 600\xb0 C. for at least 30 minutes whereby the iron present in the feedstock or at least a substantial portion thereof is converted from the divalent state to the trivalent state and subsequently reducing the thus oxidised feedstock in a separate stage at a similar temperature for at least 10 minutes so as to convert a substantial portion of the iron from the trivalent state to the divalent state.
4. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the roasted feedstock is cooled to below 200\xb0 C. so as to prevent re-oxidation on exposure to the atmosphere.
5. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 2, wherein said acid used in the leaching step includes a mineral acid including sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid or hydrochloric acid of superazeotropic strength.
6. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 5, further including, after leaching, the steps of filtration, drying, calcination and magnetic separation of the solid product.
7. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 6, wherein the leaching step is carried out with hot acid that is at a temperature near to the boiling point for the acid and at substantially atmospheric pressure at both the feed and discharge ends of the reactor.
8. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hot acid is hydrochloric acid and is input to said reactor within the range 18% ww to 35% ww strength and at a temperature greater than or equal to 90\xb0 C.
9. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 2 wherein the feedstock is roasted in a multi-step process so as to oxidise the feedstock at a temperature in excess of 600\xb0 C. for at least 30 minutes whereby the iron present in the feedstock or at least a substantial portion thereof is converted from the divalent state to the trivalent state and subsequently reducing the thus oxidised feedstock in a separate stage at a similar temperature for at least 10 minutes so as to convert a substantial portion of the iron from the trivalent state to the divalent state.
10. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 2, wherein said reactor includes a plurality of substantially vertical tubes inter-connected in a continuous manner; input means for inputting leaching reagent and said potentiated feedstock; output means for outputting solid and liquid products from an end of said plurality of tubes; said output means being at a lower hydrostatic pressure than said input means whereby flow is driven from said input means to said output means; said reactor being configured to maintain said flow under substantially plug flow conditions.
11. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said hot acid is hydrochloric acid and is input to said reactor within the range 18% ww to 35% ww strength and at a temperature greater than or equal to 90\xb0 C.
12. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reactor includes a plurality of substantially vertical tubes inter-connected in a continuous manner; means for inputting leaching reagent and said potentiated feedstock; output means for outputting solid and liquid products from an end of said plurality of tubes; said output means being at a lower hydrostatic pressure than said input means whereby flow is driven from said input means to said output means; said reactor being configured to maintain said flow under substantially plug flow conditions.
13. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 12, wherein said leaching in hot acid is maintained at an elevated temperature close to the boiling point thereof and at atmospheric pressure.
14. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 13, wherein said hot acid is hydrochloric acid and is input to said reactor within the range 18% ww to 35% ww strength and at a temperature greater than or equal to 90\xb0 C.
15. A method for the production of synthetic rutile from feedstock including ilmenite, leucoxene or titania slag as claimed in claim 7, wherein said hot acid is hydrochloric acid and is input to said reactor within the range 18% ww to 35% ww strength and at a temperature greater than or equal to 90\xb0 C.
16. A method according to claim 12, wherein the leaching reactor includes a plurality of downcomers and risers connected alternatively in series, and wherein said downcomers have larger diameters than a diameter of adjacent risers.
17. A method according to claim 12, wherein the leaching reactor includes a plurality of downcomers and risers connected alternatively in series, and wherein a path length of said downcomers is greater than a path length of adjacent risers.