1. A heat sink assembly for a pluggable module, said heat sink assembly comprising:
a heat sink comprising a module side and an end surface that intersects the module side, the module side being configured to thermally communicate with the pluggable module, a holder extending from the end surface of the heat sink; and
a thermal interface material (TIM) layer extending on the module side of the heat sink, the TIM layer being configured to engage the pluggable module, the TIM layer comprising an end that is engaged between the end surface and the holder of the heat sink.
2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the holder is crimped toward the end surface of the heat sink to hold the TIM layer between the holder and the end surface.
3. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the heat sink comprises a cooling fin that defines at least a portion of the end surface, the holder extending from the cooling fin.
4. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the holder comprises an arm that extends outwardly from the end surface of the heat sink to a tip, the end of the TIM layer being engaged between the tip of the arm and the end surface of the heat sink.
5. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the module side intersects the end surface of the heat sink at an edge, the end of the TIM layer overlapping the edge and the end surface.
6. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the end surface of the heat sink is a rear end surface, the holder is a rear holder, and the end of the TIM layer is a rear end, the heat sink extending from a front end surface to the rear end surface, a front holder extending from the front end surface, the TIM layer extending from a front end to the rear end, wherein the front end of the TIM layer is engaged between the front end surface and the front holder of the heat sink.
7. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the heat sink comprises a base that includes the module side, the base comprising a heat dissipation side that is opposite the module side, a cooling fin extending outwardly from the heat dissipation side of the base, the base and the cooling fin each defining a portion of the end surface of the heat sink, the holder extending from the cooling fin.
8. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the heat sink extends from a front end to a rear end, and extends from a side end to an opposite side end, the rear end comprising the end surface of the heat sink.
9. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising an adhesive extending between the TIM layer and the module side of the heat sink.
10. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the holder is integrally formed with the heat sink.
11. A receptacle assembly for a pluggable module, said receptacle assembly comprising:
guide rails spaced apart from each other to define a receptacle extending therebetween, the receptacle being configured to receive the pluggable module therein; and
a heat sink assembly comprising:
a heat sink comprising a module side and an end surface that intersects the module side, the module side defining a boundary of the receptacle and being configured to thermally communicate with the pluggable module when the pluggable module is received within the receptacle, a holder extending from the end surface of the heat sink; and
a thermal interface material (TIM) layer extending on the module side of the heat sink, the TIM layer being configured to engage the pluggable module when the pluggable module is received within the receptacle, the TIM layer comprising an end that is engaged between the end surface and the holder of the heat sink.
12. The assembly according to claim 11, wherein the holder is crimped toward the end surface of the heat sink to hold the TIM layer between the holder and the end surface.
13. The assembly according to claim 11, wherein the heat sink comprises a cooling fin that defines at least a portion of the end surface, the holder extending from the cooling fin.
14. The assembly according to claim 11, wherein the holder comprises an arm that extends outwardly from the end surface of the heat sink to a tip, the end of the TIM layer being engaged between the tip of the arm and the end surface of the heat sink.
15. The assembly according to claim 11, wherein the end surface of the heat sink is a rear end surface, the holder is a rear holder, and the end of the TIM layer is a rear end, the heat sink extending from a front end surface to the rear end surface, a front holder extending from the front end surface, the TIM layer extending from a front end to the rear end, wherein the front end of the TIM layer is engaged between the front end surface and the front holder of the heat sink.
16. The assembly according to claim 11, wherein the heat sink comprises a base that includes the module side, the base comprising a heat dissipation side that is opposite the module side, a cooling fin extending outwardly from the heat dissipation side of the base, the base and the cooling fin each defining a portion of the end surface of the heat sink, the holder extending from the cooling fin.
17. The assembly according to claim 11, wherein the heat sink extends from a front end to a rear end, and extends from a side end to an opposite side end, the rear end comprising the end surface of the heat sink.
18. The assembly according to claim 11, further comprising an adhesive extending between the TIM layer and the module side of the heat sink.
19. The assembly according to claim 11, wherein the holder is integrally formed with the heat sink.
20. A heat sink assembly for a pluggable module, said heat sink assembly comprising:
a heat sink extending from a front end surface to a rear end surface, the heat sink comprising a module side that intersects the front end surface at front edge and intersects the rear end surface at a rear edges, the module side being configured to thermally communicate with the pluggable module; and
a thermal interface material (TIM) layer extending on the module side of the heat sink, the TIM layer being configured to engage the pluggable module, the TIM layer extending from a front end to a rear end, the front end of the TIM layer overlapping the front edge of the heat sink and being attached to the front end surface of the heat sink, the rear end of the TIM layer overlapping the rear edge of the heat sink and being attached to the rear end surface of the heat sink.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for producing a magnetic field comprising:
a first set of magnetic elements that define a first surface and produce a first magnetic field by repulsion between the fields produced by the magnetic elements, the first field extending normally to the first surface; and
a second set of magnetic elements that define a second surface and produce a second magnetic field by repulsion between the fields produced by the magnetic elements, the second field extending normally to the second surface,
the second set of magnetic elements being positioned relative to the first set of magnetic elements such that the surfaces are approximately parallel and the magnetic field is formed between the surfaces by repulsive interaction of the first and second magnetic fields.
2. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein:
one or more of the magnetic elements in the first andor second sets is an electromagnetic element; and
the magnetic field is manipulated by changing the direction andor magnitude of the current in selected ones of the electromagnetic elements.
3. The apparatus set forth in claim 2 wherein:
Each set includes a first pair of electromagnetic elements that produces at least part of the set’s magnetic field by repulsion and a second pair of electromagnetic elements that produces at least part of the set’s magnetic field by repulsion; and
the magnetic field is manipulated by changing the direction andor magnitude of the current in the corresponding pairs of electromagnetic elements such that a rotary motion is imparted to the magnetic field.
4. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein:
the first and second sets of magnetic elements comprise a pair of magnetic elements, the like poles of the elements in a pair being connected by a core; and
the first and second sets of magnetic elements are positioned relative to each other such that a portion of the magnetic field is uniform.
5. The apparatus set forth in claim 4 wherein:
the two magnetic elements in each set of magnetic elements are separated in the surface by a distance D; and
the surfaces are separated by a distance of D2.
6. The apparatus set forth in claim 4 wherein:
the first and second sets further comprise at least one additional pair of magnetic elements having like poles connected by the core;
the pairs of magnetic elements are electromagnetic elements; and
the uniform magnetic field is manipulated by changing the direction andor magnitude of the current in the pairs of electromagnetic elements such that a rotary motion is imparted to the uniform magnetic field.
7. The apparatus set forth in claim 4 wherein:
the first and second sets further comprise further electromagnetic elements; and
the uniform field is manipulated by changing the direction andor magnitude of the current in the further electromagnetic elements.
8. The apparatus set forth in claim 7 wherein:
the uniform field is manipulated by introducing a gradient between the surfaces.
9. The apparatus set forth in claim 4 wherein:
the uniform field is produced in a vessel.
10. The apparatus set forth in claim 9 wherein:
the uniform field determines behavior of particles in the vessel which are responsive to magnetic fields.
11. The apparatus set forth in claim 10 wherein:
The uniform field is produced in the neighborhood of a workpiece in the vessel, the workpiece being operated on by the particles.
12. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein:
the magnetic field is produced in a vessel.
13. The apparatus set forth in claim 12 wherein:
the magnetic field determines behavior of particles in the vessel which are responsive to magnetic fields.
14. An electromagnet for use in apparatus for generating a resultant magnetic field, the electromagnet being planar and the apparatus including another such electromagnet, the planes of the electromagnets being approximately parallel in the apparatus and
the electromagnet comprising;
at least a first electromagnetic element and a second electromagnetic element; and
a core that connects like poles of the first and second electromagnetic elements,
the apparatus producing a first magnetic field in the electromagnet by repulsion, the first magnetic field being normal to the electromagnet’s plane, and the apparatus producing a second such magnetic field in the other electromagnet, the first and second magnetic fields interacting by repulsion to produce the resultant magnetic field.
15. The electromagnet set forth in claim 14 further comprising:
one or more additional electromagnetic elements,
the apparatus manipulating the resultant magnetic field by changing the direction andor magnitude of the current in the electromagnetic elements.
16. A kit for equipping a reactor with magnetic enhancement, the reactor having a chamber and
the kit comprising:
a pair of electromagnets having the form of a polygon with parallel sides, the interior diameter of the polygon being such that the periphery of the chamber fits within the polygon and each electromagnet including a plurality of windings that are connectible to a power supply; and
mounts that mount the pair of electromagnets around the periphery of the chamber such that the distance between planes defined by the mounted elements is approximately one half the distance between parallel sides of the polygon.
17. The kit set forth in claim 16 further comprising:
the power supply.
18. The kit set forth in claim 16 wherein:
the reactor is of the type that includes a plurality of electromagnets with horizontal and vertical legs mounted on the sides of the chamber and a power supply that provides power to the electromagnets;
the pair of electromagnets having the form of a polygon are adapted to be used with the power supply; and
the mounts are adapted to be used with mounting arrangements originally intended for the plurality of electromagnets with horizontal and vertical legs.