1. An illuminator comprising:
a clear solid body having an outer surface and opposed first and second ends;
a tubular passageway in said body extending along an axis between said first and second ends for conducting water between said first and second ends;
a single embedded light source mounted within said body adjacent said passageway and disposed between said first and second ends to illuminate the illuminator; and
at least one appendage attached to and extending away from said body along an axis of said appendage, said appendage further having a top surface and a bottom surface.
2. The illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said passageway further includes a light refracting roughened surface along a portion of the passageway.
3. The illuminator according to claim 1, further comprising a light refracting tube mounted within said passageway.
4. The illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said top surface of said at least one appendage has a convex shape to refract the light emitted by the light source.
5. The illuminator according to claim 4, wherein said bottom surface of said at least one appendage includes a plurality of grooves to refract the light emitted by the light source.
6. The illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said bottom surface of said at least one appendage includes a plurality of grooves to refract the light emitted by the light source.
7. The illuminator according to claim 6 wherein said grooves are between 0.01 to 0.05 inches in depth in relation to said bottom surface.
8. The illuminator according to claim 1, further comprising a head removable from said body.
9. The illuminator according to claim 1, wherein said embedded light source is oriented to be perpendicular to said axis and directed toward said tubular passageway.
10. An illuminator comprising:
a clear molded plastic solid body having an outer surface and opposed first and second ends;
a tubular passageway in said body extending along an axis between said first and second ends for conducting water between said first and second ends;
a plurality of appendages attached to and extending away from said body, each of said appendages further extending along an axis and having a top surface and a bottom surface; and
a single embedded light source mounted within said body adjacent said passageway between said first and second ends and disposed between said first and second ends to illuminate the illuminator,
whereby, light emitted by the light source is caused to be dispersed by the passage of water through the passageway.
11. The illuminator according to claim 10, wherein said passageway further includes a light refracting roughened surface along a portion of the passageway.
12. The illuminator according to claim 10, further comprising a light refracting tube mounted within said passageway.
13. The illuminator according to claim 10, wherein said light source is a light emitting diode.
14. The illuminator according to claim 10, wherein said top surface of each of said appendages has a convex shape to refract the light emitted by the light source.
15. The illuminator according to claim 14, wherein said bottom surface of each of said appendages includes a plurality of grooves to refract the light emitted by the light source.
16. The illuminator according to claim 15, wherein said grooves are between 0.01 to 0.05 inches in depth in relation to said bottom surface.
17. The illuminator according to claim 10, wherein said bottom surface of each of said appendages includes a plurality of grooves to refract the light emitted by the light source.
18. The illuminator according to claim 10, wherein said light source is oriented to be perpendicular to said axis of said passageway and directed toward said tubular passageway.
19. The illuminator according to claim 10, wherein the axes of at least two of said appendages are disposed at an angle between 120 degrees and 160 degrees in relation to each other.
20. The illuminator according to claim 10, further comprising a liquid spraying head assembly mounted on said body.
21. The illuminator according to claim 20, wherein said spraying head assembly comprises:
a hollow stem insertable into said passageway;
a ball portion attached to said stem, said ball having a plurality of patterned spray nozzles extending through the ball to said stem; and
a pivotable head portion configured to closely fit over said ball portion, said pivotable head portion further having a slot,
whereby, said slot my be aligned with a selected one of said patterned spray nozzles by pivoting said head portion.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A polymer film, which comprises:
a carbonyl bond-containing polymer; and
a compound having \u03b4h of equal to or higher than 11.0 and \u03b4\u03c7 of equal to or lower than 1.50, wherein the \u03b4h is a value of hydrogen-bonding capacity calculated by Hoy method and the \u03b4\u03c7 is a value calculated by equation 1:
\u03b4\u03c7=|x\u221213.3|\u2003\u2003Equation 1
wherein, in equation 1, \u03c7 represents an interatomic distance in the polymer film between atoms most distant from each other among molecules in the compound, excluding a hydrogen atom, calculated by molecular dynamics calculation.
2. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein
the compound comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of \u2014X2\u2014(C\u2550X4)\u2014X3\u2014, \u2014NR5\u2014(SO2)\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR6\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014COOH, \u2014CN, \u2014NR7R8, \u2014OH and \u2014SH per molecule, wherein each of X2, X3 independently represents a single bond, \u2014NR9\u2014, \u2014O\u2014 or \u2014(CR10R11)m\u2014, X4 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, each of R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R11 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may be substituted, and m represents an integer equal to or higher than 1.
3. The polymer film according to claim 2, wherein
the compound comprises at least one \u2014O\u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014NH\u2014 per molecule.
4. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is cellulose ester.
5. The polymer film according to claim 2, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is cellulose ester.
6. The polymer film according to claim 3, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is cellulose ester.
7. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is a polymer selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers and methacrylic polymers.
8. The polymer film according to claim 2, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is a polymer selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers and methacrylic polymers.
9. The polymer film according to claim 3, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is a polymer selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers and methacrylic polymers.
10. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is a cycloolefin polymer.
11. The polymer film according to claim 2, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is a cycloolefin polymer.
12. The polymer film according to claim 3, wherein the carbonyl bond-containing polymer is a cycloolefin polymer.
13. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein
the compound has an absorption property in which absorbance of a solution containing the compound in a wavelength range of equal to or longer than 280 nm and equal to or shorter than 800 nm is equal to or higher than 0 abs and less than 1.0 abs.
14. The polymer film according to claim 1, wherein a value of Rthd calculated as follows is equal to or more than \u22120.35 and equal to or less than 0.35;
wherein Rthd is calculated as dividing a value of Rth which represents thickness direction retardation of the polymer film measured at a wavelength of 590 nm by d which represents a thickness of the polymer film;
each unit of Rth and d is \u03bcm.
15. A polarizing plate,
which comprises a polymer film and a polarizer,
wherein the polymer film is a polymer film, comprising:
a carbonyl bond-containing polymer; and
a compound having \u03b4h of equal to or higher than 11.0 and \u03b4\u03c7 of equal to or lower than 1.50, wherein the \u03b4h is a value of hydrogen-bonding capacity calculated by Hoy method and the \u03b4\u03c7 is a value calculated by equation 1:
\u03b4\u03c7=|x\u221213.3|\u2003\u2003Equation 1
wherein, in equation 1, \u03c7 represents an interatomic distance in the polymer film between atoms most distant from each other among molecules in the compound, excluding a hydrogen atom, calculated by molecular dynamics calculation.
16. A liquid crystal display device,
which comprises at least one polarizing plate and a liquid crystal cell,
wherein at least one polarizing plate comprises a polymer film and a polarizer, and
the polymer film is a polymer film, comprising:
a carbonyl bond-containing polymer; and
a compound having \u03b4h of equal to or higher than 11.0 and \u03b4\u03c7 of equal to or lower than 1.50, wherein the \u03b4h is a value of hydrogen-bonding capacity calculated by Hoy method and the \u03b4\u03c7 is a value calculated by equation 1:
\u03b4\u03c7=|x\u221213.3|\u2003\u2003Equation 1
wherein, in equation 1, \u03c7 represents an interatomic distance in the polymer film between atoms most distant from each other among molecules in the compound, excluding a hydrogen atom, calculated by molecular dynamics calculation.
17. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, which comprises the polymer film on a surface of the polarizer opposite to a surface facing the liquid crystal cell.
18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16, which comprises the polymer film between the polarizer and the liquid crystal cell.