1. A thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate made by the process of:
heating a diamond substrate inside a vacuum chamber to about 500\xb0 C.;
cooling the diamond substrate to a temperature of about 200\xb0 C.;
coating a first surface of the diamond substrate with an adhesion layer of chromium;
depositing an initial layer of palladium on the adhesion layer of chromium;
heating the diamond substrate to a temperature of about 600\xb0 C.;
allowing the chromium and the diamond substrate to form a chemical bond;
inter-diffusing the adhesion layer of chromium and the initial layer of palladium;
cooling the diamond substrate to about 200\xb0 C.;
depositing a second layer of palladium;
placing a shadow mask on a thin diamond film;
degassing the vacuum at about 200\xb0 C. and minimizing sublimation of the deposited chromium;
depositing a tin layer onto the thin diamond film;
assembling the tin layer on the thin diamond film with the second palladium layer;
heating the tin layer on the thin diamond film and the second palladium layer;
melting the tin layer; and
bonding the thin diamond film to the diamond substrate.
2. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate as in claim 1 wherein the step of coating a first surface of the diamond substrate with an adhesion layer of chromium results in an adhesion layer of chromium that has a thickness of about 20 nm and wherein the tin layer deposited has a thickness of about 500 nm.
3. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate as in claim 1 wherein the step of depositing an initial layer of palladium further includes the step of depositing an initial layer of about 300 nm of palladium on the adhesion layer of chromium and wherein the step of depositing a second layer of palladium further includes the step of depositing about 2200 nm of palladium and thereby resulting in a total palladium thickness of about 2500 nm.
4. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate as in claim 3 further including the step of forming an electric contact between the chromium layer and the thin diamond film.
5. A thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate comprising:
a thin diamond film;
a layer of chromium;
a layer of palladium;
a layer of tin; and
a diamond substrate.
6. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate of claim 5 further including a layer of gold on the layer of tin.
7. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate of claim 5 wherein the layer of chromium forms an electric contact to the thin diamond film and removes charge generated by a primary electron beam.
8. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate of claim 5 wherein the layer of tin is soluble in the layer of palladium to about 18 wt % and wherein thin diamond film and the diamond substrate are bonded physically, electrically, and thermally without contamination.
9. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate of claim 5 further comprising a layer of Al or other metal and wherein the thin diamond film is a x-ray anode and a x-ray window.
10. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate of claim 7 wherein the layer of chromium has a thickness of about 20 nm.
11. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate of claim 7 wherein the layer of palladium has a thickness of between about 300 nm and about 2500 nm on the layer of chromium.
12. The thin diamond film bonded to a diamond substrate of claim 11 wherein the tin layer has a thickness of about 500 nm.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A service providing method for providing information regarding a service to a user in response to a user request, comprising:
a first step of receiving said user request from an information acquiring computer of said user;
a second step of determining, in accordance with said received user request, respective ones of a plurality of information providing computers which are available to provide respective ones of a plurality of information items regarding the service to the user;
a third step of requesting said determined respective ones of said plurality of information providing computers to provide the respective ones of said plurality of information items to the user;
a fourth step of receiving the respective ones of said plurality of information items from the determined respective ones of said plurality of information providing computers;
a fifth step of integrating the received respective ones of said plurality of information items; and
a sixth step of transmitting to said information acquiring computer the integrated information integrated by the fifth step as information regarding said service,
wherein said second step determines the respective ones of said plurality of information providing computers, based on information of a history of services utilized by the user including service historical information which has at least statistical information related to utilization frequencies of each element of the service.
2. A service providing method according to claim 1, wherein an application program is started using the service historical information for each element of the service.
3. A service providing method according to claim 2, wherein said second step uses a system utilization history table including said service historical information.
4. A service providing method according to claim 1, wherein said second step determines the respective ones of said plurality of information items to be provided to the user based on at least a quality of the user request which includes an attribute of service requested by the user, a condition at the user request regarding respective loads of said plurality of information providing computers, and user discriminating information which includes an attribute of said user.