1. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first polarizing plate provided with a first substrate, the first polarizing plate having a first polarization axis along a first direction;
a second polarizing plate provided with a second substrate, the second polarizing plate having a second polarization axis along a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction;
a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
a plurality of first structure bodies provided with the first substrate on a liquid crystal layer side, the plurality of first structure bodies projecting into the liquid crystal layer;
a plurality of second structure bodies provided with the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side, the plurality of second structure bodies projecting into the liquid crystal layer;
a first electrode layer covering top surfaces and side surfaces of the plurality of first structure bodies; and
a second electrode layer covering top surfaces and side surfaces of the plurality of second structure bodies,
wherein a first interface between the side surfaces of the first structure bodies and the first electrode layer, and a second interface between the side surfaces of the second structure bodies and the second electrode layer are substantially parallel to the first direction or the second direction.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of first structure bodies is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to a third direction,
wherein the plurality of second structure bodies is arranged so as to face a column including the plurality of first structure bodies at a given interval and to be substantially orthogonal to the third direction,
wherein the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are provided so as to face each other at a given interval and to be substantially orthogonal to the third direction, and
wherein the third direction equally divides an angle formed by the first direction and the second direction.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the first structure bodies and the second structure bodies each have a substantially square-shaped bottom surface.
4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3,
wherein corner portions of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of first structure bodies and edges of the side surfaces between the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of first structure bodies are chamfered in a circular arc shape,
wherein the first structure bodies are connected in a column,
wherein corner portions of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of second structure bodies and edges of the side surfaces between the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of second structure bodies are chamfered in a circular arc shape, and
wherein the second structure bodies are connected in a column.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4,
wherein the first electrode layer is provided so that the corner portions of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of first structure bodies and the edges of the side surfaces between the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of first structure bodies, which are chamfered in the circular arc shape, are exposed, and
wherein the second electrode layer is provided so that the corner portions of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of second structure bodies and the edges of the side surfaces between the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of first structure bodies, which are chamfered in the circular arc shape, are exposed.
6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5,
wherein a width of the first electrode layer in a third direction is smaller than a width of the first structure body in the third direction, and
wherein a width of the second electrode layer in the third direction is smaller than a width of the second structure body in the third direction.
7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the first electrode layer, the first structure bodies, the second electrode layer, and the second structure bodies each have a light-transmitting property.
8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the side surfaces of the first structure bodies and the side surfaces of the second structure bodies are tilted toward the first substrate.
9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of first structure bodies and the first electrode layer are each provided in a comb-like shape, and
wherein the plurality of second structure bodies and the second electrode layer are each provided in a comb-like shape.
10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase.
11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a thin film transistor between the first substrate and the first electrode layer,
wherein the first electrode layer is electrically connected to a source electrode or a drain electrode of the thin film transistor.
12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a direction of an electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is substantially a third direction that equally divides an angle formed by the first direction and the second direction.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for preparing hydrophobic precipitated silica, the process comprising:
a) preparing a mixture of an organopolysiloxane derivative and a precipitated silica;
b) conditioning the mixture at from 100 to 150\xb0 C. for a period of from 0.5 to 2 hours; and
c) conducting oxidative heat treatment at more than 300\xb0 C. with an oxidizing gas.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein
in step a) the preparing comprises adding the organopolysiloxane derivative to the precipitated silica; and
in step a) the precipitated silica has a water content of from 1.0 to 80%.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein
in step a) the preparing comprises adding the organopolysiloxane derivative to the precipitated silica;
in step a) the precipitated silica has a water content of from 70 to 99%; and
step a) further comprises isolating solids from water.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidizing gas comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl2, N2O, NO, NO2, N2O5, O3, O02, Br2 and F2.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidizing gas further comprises an inert gas.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidizing gas is air or a mixture of an inert gas with air.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidizing gas comprises 99% or less by volume of at least one inert gas.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidizing gas comprises up to 80% by volume of water.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of steps a), b), and c) is carried out a number of times in succession.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein steps a) and b) are carried out a number of times in succession.