1. Container for receiving an aqueous solution, which comprises
at least one area which acts as an electrode when an electric voltage is applied and a subsequent discharge occurs,
wherein said at least one electrode is made of a conductive synthetic material which is, or is at least based on a plastic material which is doped with at least one conductive substance,
wherein an overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 20-80% ww, and
wherein the container is for electroporation or electrofusion of cells, derivatives of cells, subcellular particles andor vesicles and is, at least partially, formed by an outer limit which forms an inner chamber for receiving said solution.
2. Container according to claim 1, wherein said dope consists essentially of carbon fibers, graphite, soot andor carbon nanotubes.
3. Container according to claim 1, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 20-60% ww.
4. Container according to claim 1, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 40-80% ww.
5. Container according to claim 1, wherein said plastic material is polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone, polypropylene, polyamide, polyphenylensulfide or a mixture of these polymers, or at least based on one or several of these polymers, andor wherein said plastic material is an intrinsically conductive synthetic material.
6. Container according to claim 5, wherein said plastic material is an intrinsically conductive synthetic material and wherein said intrinsically conductive synthetic material is polyaniline, polyacetylene, poly-para-phenylene, poly-para-phenylensulfide, polypyrroles, polythiophene, polypropylene, or at least based on one or several of these polymers.
7. Container according to claim 1, wherein said outer limit is made of synthetic material.
8. Container according to claim 7, wherein said synthetic material is the same plastic material as the plastic material on which said at least one electrode is based.
9. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is integrated into said outer limit.
10. Container according to claim 1 comprising at least two electrodes being made of the same material.
11. Container according to claim 1 comprising at least two electrodes, wherein said at least two electrodes are made of different materials.
12. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polyamide doped with 25-45% ww carbon fibers and 15-35% ww graphite.
13. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polyamide doped with 30-50% ww carbon fibers and 25-45% ww graphite.
14. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polycarbonate doped with 15-40% ww carbon fibers and 1-40% ww graphite.
15. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polyetheretherketone doped with 30-50% ww carbon fibers.
16. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polyamide, preferably polyamide 66, doped with 20-40% ww carbon fibers.
17. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polypropylene doped with 20% ww carbon fibers.
18. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polyphenylensulfide doped with 30-50% ww carbon fibers.
19. Container according to claim 1, wherein said outer limit comprises at least one opening for supplying said solution and at least one opening for draining off said solution.
20. Container arrangement comprising at least two, preferably 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 or more, containers according to claim 1 being joined to build one unit.
21. Container according to claim 1, wherein said aqueous solution comprises cells, derivatives of cells, subcellular particles andor vesicles.
22. Container according to claim 7, wherein said synthetic material is a transparent plastic material.
23. Container according to claim 3, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 40-60% ww.
24. Container according to claim 3, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 50-60% ww.
25. Container according to claim 4, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 50-80% ww.
26. Container according to claim 4, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 60-80% ww.
27. Container according to claim 4, wherein the overall concentration of said dope in said plastic material is 70-80% ww.
28. Container according to claim 12, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polyamide 66 or polyamide 6.
29. Container according to claim 12, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 30-40% ww-carbon fibers.
30. Container according to claim 12, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 33-37% ww carbon fibers.
31. Container according to claim 12, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 20-30% ww graphite.
32. Container according to claim 12, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 23-27% ww graphite.
33. Container according to claim 13, wherein said at least one electrode is made of polyamide 66 or polyamide 6.
34. Container according to claim 13, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 35-45% ww carbon fibers.
35. Container according to claim 13, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 39-41% ww carbon fibers.
36. Container according to claim 13, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 30-40% ww graphite.
37. Container according to claim 13, wherein said at least one electrode is doped with 34-36% ww graphite.
38. Container according to claim 14, wherein at least one electrode is made of polycarbonate doped with 20% ww carbon fibers and 15% ww graphite.
39. Container according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrode has a surface that is plane-parallel to a surface of a second electrode.
40. Container according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is moldable.
41. Container according to claim 40, wherein the electrode is injection-molded.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A stabilization system for controlling relative motion between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, the stabilization system comprising:
a first stabilizer including:
a first coupling adapted to be attached to a first anchoring member;
a second coupling adapted to be attached to a second anchoring member; and
a resilient member configured to be coupled to the first and second couplings to transmit resilient force between the first and second couplings, the resilient member including a planar spring, wherein at least a portion of the planar spring flexes out-of-plane in response to relative motion between the vertebrae.
2. The stabilization system of claim 1, wherein the first stabilizer further includes a casing including a hollow first member and a hollow second member, wherein the resilient member is positioned within a cavity defined by engagement of the first and second hollow members.
3. The stabilization system of claim 2, wherein the resilient member is positioned inside the casing such that the casing limits relative motion of the vertebrae by limiting deflection of the planar spring.
4. The stabilization system of claim 1, further comprising the first anchoring member and the second anchoring member.
5. The stabilization system of claim 4, wherein each of the first and second anchoring members includes a yoke polyaxially coupled to a fixation member implantable in a portion of either the first or second vertebra.
6. The stabilization system of claim 1, further comprising a first rigid connector including first and second couplings adapted to be attached to one of the first and second anchoring members, wherein the couplings are substantially rigidly connected together.
7. The stabilization system of claim 1, wherein the path followed by the planar spring is generally spiral-shaped, wherein the planar spring includes a central portion attached to the first coupling and a peripheral portion attached to the second coupling.
8. The stabilization system of claim 1, wherein the first stabilizer further includes a first articulation component configured to articulate to permit polyaxial relative rotation between one of the first or second couplings.
9. The stabilization system of claim 8, wherein the first articulation component includes a semispherical surface and a socket within which the semispherical surface is rotatable to permit polyaxial motion between the resilient member and the first anchoring member.
10. The stabilization system of claim 1, wherein the resilient member is coupled to the first and second couplings such that the resilient member is able to urge the first and second couplings to move closer together and is also able to urge the couplings to move further apart.
11. The stabilization system of claim 1, further comprising a second component comprising a third coupling and a fourth coupling, wherein the third coupling is adapted to be attached to the first anchoring member such that the first anchoring member is capable of simultaneously retaining the first and third couplings.
12. The stabilization system of claim 11, wherein the second component includes a rigid connector, wherein the third and fourth couplings are substantially rigidly connected together.
13. The stabilization system of claim 11, wherein the second component includes a second stabilizer comprising a second resilient member configured to exert resilient force between the third and fourth couplings.
14. A stabilization system for controlling relative motion between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, the stabilization system comprising:
a first stabilizer including:
a first coupling adapted to rest within a yoke of a first anchoring member;
a second coupling adapted to rest within a yoke of a second anchoring member;
a resilient member coupled to the first and second couplings to transmit resilient force between the first and second couplings, the resilient member including a planar spring, wherein at least a portion of the planar spring flexes out-of-plane in response to relative motion between the vertebrae; and
a first articulation component configured to articulate to permit relative rotation between the first stabilizer and one of the first or second couplings.
15. The stabilization system of claim 14, further comprising a second component including a third coupling and a fourth coupling, wherein the third coupling is adapted to be attached to the first anchoring member such that the first anchoring member is capable of simultaneously retaining the first and third couplings.
16. The stabilization system of claim 15, wherein the second component includes a rigid connector, wherein the third and fourth couplings are substantially rigidly connected together.
17. The stabilization system of claim 15, wherein the second component includes a second stabilizer having a second resilient member configured to exert resilient force between the third and fourth couplings.
18. The stabilization system of claim 14, wherein the first stabilizer further includes a casing comprising a hollow first member and a hollow second member, wherein the resilient member is positioned within a cavity defined by engagement of the first and second hollow members.
19. The stabilization system of claim 14, wherein the yoke of each of the first and second anchoring members is polyaxially coupled to a fixation member implantable in a corresponding vertebra.
20. The stabilization system of claim 14, wherein the first articulation component includes a semispherical surface and a socket within which the semispherical surface is rotatable to permit polyaxial motion between the resilient member and the first anchoring member.
21. The stabilization system of claim 14, wherein the resilient member is coupled to the first and second couplings such that the resilient member is able to urge the first and second couplings to move closer together and is also able to urge the couplings to move further apart.
22. A stabilization system for controlling relative motion between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, the stabilization system comprising:
a first stabilizer including:
a first coupling adapted to be attached to a first anchoring member;
a second coupling adapted to be attached to a second anchoring member;
a resilient member configured to be coupled to the first and second couplings to transmit resilient force between the first and second couplings, the resilient member including a planar spring, wherein at least a portion of the planar spring flexes out-of-plane in response to relative motion between the vertebrae;
a first articulation component configured to articulate to permit relative rotation between the first and second couplings; and
a first rigid connector including third and fourth couplings adapted to be attached to the first and second anchoring members, wherein the third and fourth couplings are substantially rigidly connected together.
23. The stabilization system of claim 22, wherein each of the first and second anchoring members includes a yoke polyaxially coupled to a fixation member implantable in a corresponding vertebra, wherein the first coupling is adapted to rest within the yoke of the first anchoring member, and the second coupling is adapted to rest within the yoke of the second anchoring member.
24. The stabilization system of claim 22, wherein the first stabilizer further includes a casing comprising a hollow first member and a hollow second member, wherein the resilient member is positioned within a cavity defined by engagement of the first and second hollow members.
25. The stabilization system of claim 22, wherein the first articulation component includes a semispherical surface and a socket within which the semispherical surface is rotatable to permit polyaxial motion between the resilient member and the first anchoring member.
26. The stabilization system of claim 22, wherein the resilient member is coupled to the first and second couplings such that the resilient member is able to urge the first and second couplings to move closer together and is also able to urge the couplings to move further apart.
27. The stabilization system of claim 22, further comprising a second component comprising a fifth coupling and a sixth coupling, wherein the fifth coupling is adapted to be attached to the first anchoring member such that the first anchoring member is capable of simultaneously retaining the first and fifth couplings.