1. A method for controlling a tank vent valve of a tank vent device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, with the tank vent valve being arranged in a vent line between a fuel vapor reservoir and an intake tract of the internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
switching off the internal combustion engine,
opening the tank vent valve when the internal combustion engine is switched off, if a signal is detected which allows an imminent start-up of the internal combustion engine to be surmised.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tank vent valve is only then opened if a predetermined minimum duration has elapsed since the last switch-off of the internal combustion engine.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tank vent valve is loaded with current for a predetermined minimum duration.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tank vent valve is closed again even before the start-up of the internal combustion engine.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tank vent valve is briefly opened by at least one short current pulse.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signal represents at least one of the following events:
the activation of the ignition of the internal combustion engine,
the opening of a door of the motor vehicle,
the unlocking of a door closing mechanism of the motor vehicle,
the presence of a person in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle,
occupation of the driver seat,
insertion of an ignition key into the ignition lock.
7. A control device for a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a tank vent device, which has a tank vent valve, which is arranged in a vent line between a fuel vapor reservoir and an intake tract of the internal combustion engine, wherein the control device is operable to open the tank vent valve when the internal combustion engine is switched off, if a signal was detected which allows an imminent start-up of the internal combustion engine to be surmised.
8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is further operable to only open the tank vent valve if a predetermined minimum duration has elapsed since the last switch-off of the internal combustion engine.
9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the device comprises a timer to determine if a predetermined minimum duration has elapsed since the last switch-off of the internal combustion engine.
10. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is further operable to load the tank vent valve with current for a predetermined minimum duration.
11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is further operable to close the tank vent valve again even before the start-up of the internal combustion engine.
12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is further operable to briefly open the tank vent valve by at least one short current pulse.
13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the signal representing at least one of the following events:
the activation of the ignition of the internal combustion engine,
the opening of a door of the motor vehicle,
the unlocking of a door closing mechanism of the motor vehicle,
the presence of a person in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle,
occupation of the driver seat,
insertion of an ignition key into the ignition lock.
14. A method for controlling a tank vent valve of a tank vent device for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, with the tank vent valve being arranged in a vent line between a fuel vapor reservoir and an intake tract of the internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
checking whether the internal combustion engine is switched off, and
if the internal combustion engine is switched off:
opening the tank vent valve if a signal is detected which allows an imminent start-up of the internal combustion engine to be surmised.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tank vent valve is only opened if a predetermined minimum duration has elapsed since the last switch-off of the internal combustion engine.
16. The method as claimed in claim 14, further comprising the step of starting a timer if the internal combustion engine is switched off, and only opening the tank vent valve if a predetermined minimum duration determined by said timer has elapsed since the last switch-off of the internal combustion engine.
17. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tank vent valve is loaded with current for a predetermined minimum duration.
18. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tank vent valve is closed again even before the start-up of the internal combustion engine.
19. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tank vent valve is briefly opened by at least one short current pulse.
20. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the signal represents at least one of the following events:
the activation of the ignition of the internal combustion engine,
the opening of a door of the motor vehicle, the unlocking of a door closing mechanism of the motor vehicle,
the presence of a person in the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle,
occupation of the driver seat,
insertion of an ignition key into the ignition lock.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Method comprising:
providing a first source able to supply aluminum content for a nickel aluminide based coating;
providing a second source able to supply nickel and at least one alloy element content for the nickel aluminide based coating;
providing a metallic substrate;
disposing a nickel aluminide based coating precursor on at least a portion of the metallic substrate comprising aluminum content provided by the first source, and nickel and at least one alloy element content provided by the second source; and
forming the nickel aluminide based coating from the coating precursor.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first source comprises a consumable cathode for use in a cathodic arc deposition technique.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second source comprises a consumable cathode for use in a cathodic arc deposition technique.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein disposing the coating precursor includes:
disposing an amount of nickel and at least one alloy element overlying the metallic substrate utilizing the second source;
disposing an amount of aluminum overlying the metallic substrate utilizing the first source.
5. The method according to claim 4 wherein disposing the amount of nickel and at least one alloy element is accomplished in at least two deposition operations, wherein a first layer of the nickel and at least one alloy element is disposed in contact with the metallic substrate, thereafter, an intermediate layer of aluminum is disposed overlying and in contact with the first layer, and thereafter, a second layer of the nickel and at least one alloy element is disposed in contact with and overlying the intermediate aluminum layer.
6. The method according to claim 4 wherein disposing the amount of nickel and at least one alloy element and disposing the amount of aluminum is accomplished by co-depositing the nickel and at least one alloy element content from the second source and the aluminum content from the first source.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein forming the nickel aluminide based coating comprises subjecting the substrate and the coating precursor to a suitable heat treatment.
8. The method according to claim 7 wherein subjecting the substrate and the coating precursor to a suitable heat treatment includes heating to about 1079\xb0 C. (1975\xb0 F.) for a sufficient time period.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein providing the second source includes providing at least one alloy element selected from the group consisting of chromium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, yttrium, titanium, tantalum, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, calcium, iron, gallium, and combinations thereof.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein disposing the coating precursor includes disposing sufficient nickel and at least one alloy and aluminum in sufficient quantities so that the nickel aluminide based coating has a coating thickness of between about 12.7-254 microns, inclusive.
11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the coating thickness is between about 12.7-76.2 microns, inclusive.
12. The method according to claim 1 further comprising:
disposing a thermal barrier ceramic layer overlying the nickel aluminide based coating.
13. The method according to claim 1 wherein providing the substrate comprises providing a component of a gas turbine assembly.
14. The method according to claim 13 wherein providing the component includes providing at least one of a turbine airfoil, a turbine disk, and a combustor.