1. A selenium removal system for removing selenium from a fluid, comprising:
A solids removal unit for processing a fluid;
An oils removal unit coupled to receive the fluid from the solids removal unit;
A soluble organics removal unit coupled to receive the fluid from the oils removal unit;
A thiosulfate removal unit coupled to receive the fluid from the soluble organics removal unit;
A selenium removal unit coupled to receive the fluid from the thiosulfate removal unit, said selenium removal unit further comprising a sorbent tellurium material; and
A polish treatment unit coupled to receive the fluid from the selenium removal unit, the polish treatment unit to remove residual constituents that might otherwise prevent recycling of the fluid.
2. The selenium removal system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reducing agent injector coupled to receive the aqueous stream from the selenium removal unit 208.
3. The selenium removal system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a selenium precipitate remover coupled to receive the fluid from the selenium removal unit.
4. The selenium removal system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reducing agent injector coupled to receive the fluid from the selenium removal unit; and
a selenium precipitate remover coupled to receive the fluid from the reducing agent injector.
5. The selenium removal system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sorbent selenium material used in the selenium removal unit.
6. The selenium removal system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sorbent sulfur material used in the selenium removal unit.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for operating a noise compensating gain controller in an optical amplifier to avoid overshoot of a selected gain level during amplification transients, wherein said amplifier receives an optical input formed from a signal component and a noise component, comprising the steps of:
(a) determining a difference in the amount of amplification necessary to bring the combination of said signal and noise component forming said optical output to said selected gain level;
(b) determining an adjustment of said difference necessary to bring the signal component of the output to said selected gain level, a post-transient steady-state condition of said optical input, and
(c) changing the amplification in accordance with said difference either prior to or simultaneously with said adjustment.
2. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 1, further comprising the step of determining that the power of said transient is larger than a preselected threshold level prior to implementing steps (a)-(c).
3. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 1, wherein said amplification is changed in accordance with said difference determined in step (a) prior to changing said amplification in accordance with the adjustment determined in step (b).
4. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 3, wherein step (b) is not commenced until step (a) is completed and the amplification is changed in accordance with said difference.
5. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 1, wherein steps (a) and (b) are implemented simultaneously by said noise compensating gain controller such that said amplification difference and adjustment are determined at substantially the same time, and wherein said amplification is then changed simultaneously in accordance with said difference and adjustment.
6. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 5, wherein said controller includes a processor circuit for computing said amplification difference of said amplification adjustment requires more processing time than the computation of said amplification difference and wherein said processor simultaneously determines said difference and said adjustment.
7. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 6, further comprising the step of protracting the processing time for the determination of said amplification difference such that it becomes simultaneously equal to the processing time for the determination of said amplification adjustments.
8. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 7, wherein the processing time for the computation of said amplification difference is protracted by cutting an execution rate for said computation in half.
9. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 6, wherein said processor performs a plurality of tasks in addition to said computations for said amplification adjustment, and further comprising the step of disabling one or more of said tasks to allow said processor to complete both computations simultaneously.
10. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 9, further comprising the step of monitoring changes in said input power at regular intervals, and terminating said disabling step when said input power does not change by a least a selected threshold amount between said regular intervals.
11. A method for operating a noise compensating gain controller in an optical amplifier to avoid overshoot of a selected gain level during amplification transients, wherein said amplifier receives an optical input formed from a signal component and a noise component, comprising the steps of:
(a) determining a difference in the amount of amplification necessary to bring the combination of said signal and noise component forming said optical output to said selected gain level;
(b) determining an adjustment of said difference necessary to bring the signal component of the output to said selected gain level in accordance with an imperically derived formula;
(c) changing the amplification in accordance with said difference either prior to or simultaneously with said adjustment.
12. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 11, wherein said adjustment of step (b) is computed in accordance with the formula:
PoutASEmGc
wherein
PoutASE
is the power of the noise component of the amplifier output, Ga sensed gain level, 0<m<0.1 and 0.01<c<0.1.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein m0.001534 and c0.032978.
14. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 11, further comprising the step of determining that the power of said transient is larger than a preselected threshold level prior to implementing steps (a)-(c).
15. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 14, further comprising the step of determining whether the power change of said transient is larger than between about 0.05 dB and 0.50 dB.
16. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 11, wherein said amplification is changed in accordance with said difference determined in step (a) prior to changing said amplification in accordance with the adjustment determined in step (b).
17. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 16, wherein step (b) is not commenced until step (a) is completed and the amplification is changed in accordance with said difference.
18. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 11, wherein steps (a) and (b) are implemented simultaneously by said noise compensating gain controller such that said amplification difference and adjustment are determined at substantially the same time, and wherein said amplification is then changed simultaneously in accordance with said difference and adjustment.
19. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 18, wherein said controller includes a processor circuit for computing said amplification difference of said amplification adjustment requires more processing time than the computation of said amplification difference and wherein said processor simultaneously determines said difference and said adjustment.
20. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 19, further comprising the step of protracting the processing time for the determination of said amplification difference such that it becomes simultaneously equal to the processing time for the determination of said amplification adjustments.
21. A method of operating a noise compensating gain controller according to claim 18, wherein said processor performs a plurality of tasks in addition to said computations for said amplification adjustment, and further comprising the step of disabling one or more of said tasks to allow said processor to complete both computations simultaneously.