1. An evaluation apparatus which evaluates environmental load and cost when a group of products is reused in a plurality of markets that differ from each other in value lifetime of the group, the value lifetime of the group in each market being an upper limit of a product age at which the group can be used in each market, the apparatus comprising:
a generating unit configured to generate an attribute data item of the group including an initial value of the product age of the group, and to generate an attribute data item of a component included in each product of the group, the attribute data item of the component including an initial value of a remaining useful lifetime of the component, and to store the attribute data item of the group and the attribute data item of the component in a memory;
a simulation executing unit configured (a) to select in turn, from the plurality of markets, one market into which the group is introduced, according to an order determined based on a reusable product age corresponding to each market of the markets, the reusable product age of each market designating the product age of the group at which the group can be introduced into the respective market and being determined by the value lifetime of the respective market and a period of use of the group in respective market, (b) to calculate, for each of calculation step times, the environmental load and the cost of a circulated life cycle in which the group is introduced into the one market selected, (c) to update the product age of the group in the memory, by adding a period of use of the group in the one market selected, (d) to update the remaining useful lifetime of the component in the memory, by subtracting the period of use of the group in the one market selected, and (e) to repeat (a) to (d) until a threshold value obtained by adding a period of use of the group in one of the markets whose value lifetime is the longest among the markets to the product age of the group in the memory is larger than the value lifetime of the one of the markets; and
a display to display the environmental load and the cost calculated for each calculation step time.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the simulation executing unit further calculates, when the threshold value is larger than the value lifetime of the one of the markets, the environmental load and the cost of the circulated life cycle in which the group is disassembled for reuse of components and for material recycling.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the simulation executing unit selects the one market from the markets by comparing the product age of the group and the reusable product age corresponding to each market of the markets.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a optimizing unit configured to optimize a period of use of the group in each of the markets so that the product age of the group at a point in time when the group is recovered from one of the markets satisfy a reusable product age corresponding to another of the markets.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the simulation executing unit selects the one market from the markets according to the order determined based on the reusable product age corresponding to each market of the markets from which the group is recovered.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the simulation executing unit selects the one market from the markets according to the order determined based on reusable product age corresponding to each market of the markets and the environmental load and the cost calculated when each of the markets is selected.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the simulation executing unit further calculates the environmental load and the cost of the circulated life cycle in which the component whose remaining useful lifetime in the memory is less than the period of use of the group in the target market that is replaced with a new component or a reuse component.
8. An evaluation method executed in an evaluation apparatus for evaluating environmental load and cost when a group of products is reused in a plurality of markets that differ from each other in value lifetime of the group, the value lifetime of the group in each market being an upper limit of a product age at which the group can be used in each market, the method comprising:
(a) generating an attribute data item of the group including an initial value of the product age, and an attribute data item of a component included in each product of the group, the attribute data item of the component including an initial value of a remaining useful lifetime of the component, and storing the attribute data item of the group and the attribute data item of the component in a memory;
(b) selecting in turn, from the plurality of markets, one market into which the group is introduced, according to an order determined based on a reusable product age corresponding to each market of the markets, the reusable product age of each market designating the product age of the group at which the group can be introduced into the respective market and being determined by the value lifetime of the respective market and a period of use of the group in the respective market;
(c) calculating, for each of calculation step times, the environmental load and the cost of a circulated life cycle in which the group is introduced into the one market selected;
(d) updating the product age of the group in the memory, by adding a period of use of the group in the one market selected;
(e) updating the remaining useful lifetime of the component in the memory, by subtracting the period of use of the group in the one market selected;
(f) repeating (b) to (e) until a threshold value obtained by adding a period of use in one of the markets whose value lifetime is the longest among the markets to the product age of the group in the memory is larger than the value lifetime of the one of the markets; and
(g) displaying the environmental load and the cost calculated for each calculation step time.
9. A computer readable medium including computer readable instructions, that when executed, evaluate environmental load and cost when a group of products is reused in a plurality of markets which differ from each other in value lifetime of the group, the value lifetime of the group in each market being an upper limit of a product age of the group that the group can be used in each market, the computer readable instructions comprising:
instruction means for instructing a computer to (a) generate an attribute data item of the group including an initial value of the product age, and an attribute data item of a component included in each product of the group, the attribute data item of the component including a remaining useful lifetime of the component, and to store the attribute data item of the group and the attribute data item of the component in a memory;
instruction means for instructing the computer to (b) select, from the plurality of markets, one market into which the group is introduced, according to an order determined based on a reusable product age corresponding to each market of the markets, the reusable product age of each market designating the product age of the group at which the group can be introduced into the respective market and being determined by the value lifetime of the respective market and a period of use of the group in the respective market;
instruction means for instructing the computer to (c) calculate, for each of calculation step times, the environmental load and the cost of a circulated life cycle in which the group is introduced into the one market selected;
instruction means for instructing the computer to (d) update the product age of the group in the memory, by adding a period of use of the group in the one market selected;
instruction means for instructing the computer to (e) update the remaining useful lifetime of the component in the memory, by subtracting the period of use in the one market selected;
instruction means for instructing the computer to (f) repeat (b) to (e) until a threshold value obtained by adding a period of use in one of the markets whose value lifetime is the longest among the markets to the product age of the group in the memory is larger than the value lifetime of the one of the markets; and
instruction means for instructing the computer to (g) display the environmental load and the cost calculated for each calculation step time.
10. The evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reusable product age corresponding to each market designates an upper limit of the product age of the group at which the group can be introduced into the respective market and is obtained by subtracting the period of use of the group in the respective market from the value lifetime of the respective market.
11. The evaluation method according to claim 8, wherein the selecting (b) selects, from the markets, a next one market into which the group recovered from the one market selected last is introduced when the threshold value is less than or equal to the value lifetime of the one of the markets, (c) calculates, for each of calculation step times, the environmental load and the cost of a circulated life cycle in which the group is introduced into the next one market selected, (d) updates the product age of the group in the memory, by adding a period of use of the group in the next one market selected, and (e) updates the remaining useful lifetime of the component in the memory, by subtracting the period of use of the group in the next one market selected.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound of formula I
wherein
R1 is C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl;
R2 is C1-C4alkyl;
R3 is hydrogen or halogen;
R4 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4halogenalkyl;
R5 and R6 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl;
R8 and R10 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl which can be mono- or di-substituted by halogen or phenoxy which can be mono- or di-substituted by halogen;
or R7 and R8 together or R8 and R9 together form together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a six-membered aromatic ring; and
R7, R9 and R11 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C3-C6alkinyl, C1-C4alkoxy, halophenoxy, C1-C6haloalkyl or C1-C6haloalkoxy;
and agronomically acceptable saltsilstereoisomersdiastereoisomersenantiomerstautomers and N-oxides of those compounds.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein
R1 is C1-C4haloalkyl;
R2 is C1-C4 alkyl;
R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is C1-C4alkyl;
R5 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl;
R6 is hydrogen;
R7 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen;
R8 is hydrogen, halogen, phenyl which can be mono- or di-substituted by halogen or phenoxy which can be mono- or di-substituted by halogen;
or R7 and R8 together or R8 and R9 together form together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a six-membered aromatic ring;
R9 is hydrogen, halogen or phenoxy which can be substituted by halogen;
R10 is hydrogen and
R11 is hydrogen.
3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein R5 is methyl.
4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein
R1 is difluoromethyl;
R2 is methyl;
R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is methyl;
R5 is hydrogen or methyl;
R6 is hydrogen;
R7 is hydrogen, methoxy or chloro;
R8 is hydrogen; iodine, phenyl is mono- or di-substituted by chlorine or phenoxy which is mono- or di-substituted by chlorine;
or R7 and R8 together or R8 and R9 together form together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a six-membered aromatic ring;
R9 is hydrogen, iodine, chlorine or phenoxy which is substituted by chlorine;
R10 is hydrogen and
R11 is hydrogen.
5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein
R1 is difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl or methyl,
R2 is methyl;
R3 is hydrogen or fluoro;
R4 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; preferably methyl;
R5 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and
R6 is hydrogen.
6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein
R1 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl;
R2 is methyl;
R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is methyl;
R5 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
R6 is hydrogen;
R8 is hydrogen; iodine, phenyl which can be mono- or di-substituted by chlorine, phenoxy which can be mono- or di-substituted by chlorine, phenyl which can be mono- or di-substituted by chlorine,
R10 is hydrogen;
R7, R9 and R11 are, independently from each other, hydrogen or halogen, preferably hydrogen or chlorine.
7. A method of controlling infestation of useful plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, wherein a compound of formula I according to claim 1 or a composition, comprising this compound as active ingredient, is applied to the plants, to parts thereof or the locus thereof.
8. A composition for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, comprising a compound of formula I according to claim 1 and at least one inert carrier.