1. A stadium seating construction system, comprising:
a tiered stadium seating support understructure;
a plurality of tiered concrete treads mounted to the stadium seating support understructure, at least one of said treads having a concrete body portion, a non-concrete front embed embedded within a front end of the concrete body portion, and a non-concrete rear embed embedded within a rear end of the concrete body portion, said front embed having a first connection device, said rear embed having an upwardly extending portion, said upwardly extending portion extending upwardly beyond the concrete body portion; and
a plurality of tiered risers, at least one of said risers having an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion comprising a second connection device;
wherein the first connection device of at least one of the plurality of treads is adapted to interlock with the second connection device of a lower adjacent one of said plurality of risers; and
wherein at least one of the risers is arranged such that a lower portion of the riser overlaps with a forward side of the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed of a lower adjacent tread.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the risers, front embeds, and rear embeds are constructed from materials selected from the group consisting of metal, plastic, and fiberglass.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said front and rear embeds are metallic.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein said front and rear embeds are aluminum.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said concrete treads further comprises at least one hole through which a fastener for fastening the tread to the stadium seating support understructure may be inserted.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein said fastener includes a stud, the stud being attached to the support understructure prior to installation of the tread.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said concrete treads further comprises at least one non-concrete lower embed, said non-concrete lower embed having a fastener for fastening the tread to the stadium seating support understructure.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the lower embed is only exposed through the bottom surface of the concrete tread.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the lower embed comprises a slot to allow the position of the fastener to be adjusted.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein each one of said plurality of risers is further attached to said support understructure.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed includes an upwardly substantially curved portion.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed comprises an upwardly substantially curved portion which transitions to a substantially vertical portion.
13. The system of claim 1,
wherein the front embed further comprises a first attachment device for attaching a first seat; and
wherein the rear embed further comprises a second attachment device for attaching a second seat.
14. The system of claim 13,
wherein said first attachment device comprises a first horizontal channel for receiving a first fastener, said first fastener being operative to attach the first seat to the first horizontal channel; and
wherein said second attachment device comprises a second horizontal channel for receiving a second fastener, said second fastener being operative to attach the second seat to the second horizontal channel.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said plurality of risers further comprises:
at least one attachment device for attaching a seat.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein said attachment device comprises at least one horizontal channel for receiving a fastener, said fastener being operative to secure a seat to said at least one horizontal channel.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of tiered concrete treads are formed of pre-cast concrete.
18. A stadium seating construction system, comprising:
a tiered stadium seating support understructure having tiered riser supports;
a plurality of tiered concrete treads mounted to the stadium seating support understructure, at least one of said treads having a concrete body portion, a front embed embedded within a front end of the concrete body portion, and a rear embed embedded within a rear end of the concrete body portion, said rear embed having an upwardly extending portion, said upwardly extending portion extending upwardly beyond the concrete body portion; and
a plurality of tiered risers attached to said tiered riser supports, at least one of said risers having an upper portion and a lower portion;
wherein at least one of the risers is mounted such that the upper portion of the riser overlaps with the front embed of a first one of the treads and the lower portion of the riser overlaps with the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed of a second one of the treads; and
wherein the risers, front embeds, and rear embeds are constructed from materials selected from the group consisting of metal, plastic, and fiberglass.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein said front and rear embeds are metallic.
20. The system of claim 18, wherein said front and rear embeds are aluminum.
21. The system of claim 18, wherein said front and rear embeds are formed as a single piece.
22. The system of claim 18,
wherein at least one of the risers is arranged such that a lower portion of the riser is adjacent to a forward side of the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed of a lower adjacent tread.
23. The system of claim 18,
wherein said front embed comprises a downwardly extending portion; and
wherein at least one of the risers is arranged such that the upper portion of the riser is adjacent to a rear side of the downwardly extending portion of the front embed of an upper adjacent tread.
24. The system of claim 18,
wherein said front embed comprises a first connection device;
wherein the upper portion of at least one of the risers comprises a second connection device; and
wherein said first connection device of at least one of the plurality of treads is adapted to interlock with the second connection device of a lower adjacent one of said plurality of risers.
25. The system of claim 18, wherein at least one of said concrete treads further comprises at least one hole through which a fastener for fastening the tread to the stadium seating support understructure may be inserted.
26. The system of claim 25, wherein said fastener includes a stud, the stud being attached to the support understructure prior to installation of the tread.
27. The system of claim 18, wherein at least one of said concrete treads further comprises at least one non-concrete lower embed, said non-concrete lower embed having a fastener for fastening the tread to the stadium seating support understructure.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the lower embed is only exposed through the bottom surface of the concrete tread.
29. The system of claim 27, wherein the lower embed comprises a slot to allow the position of the fastener to be adjusted.
30. The system of claim 18, wherein at least one of said plurality of risers is further attached to said support understructure.
31. The system of claim 18, wherein the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed includes an upwardly substantially curved portion.
32. The system of claim 18, wherein the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed comprises an upwardly substantially curved portion which transitions to a substantially vertical portion.
33. The system of claim 18,
wherein the front embed further comprises a first attachment device for attaching a first seat; and
wherein the rear embed further comprises a second attachment device for attaching a second seat.
34. The system of claim 33,
wherein said first attachment device comprises a first horizontal channel for receiving a first fastener, said first fastener being operative to attach the first seat to the first horizontal channel; and
wherein said second attachment device comprises a second horizontal channel for receiving a second fastener, said second fastener being operative to attach the second seat to the second horizontal channel.
35. The system of claim 18, wherein at least one of said plurality of risers further comprises:
at least one attachment device for attaching a seat.
36. The system of claim 35, wherein said attachment device comprises at least one horizontal channel for receiving a fastener, said fastener being operative to secure a seat to said at least one horizontal channel.
37. A stadium seating construction system, comprising:
a tiered stadium seating support understructure;
a plurality of tiered concrete treads mounted to the stadium seating support understructure, at least one of said treads having a concrete body portion, a front embed embedded within a front end of the concrete body portion, and a rear embed embedded within a rear end of the concrete body portion, said rear embed having an upwardly extending portion, said upwardly extending portion extending upwardly beyond the concrete body portion; and
a plurality of tiered risers, at least one of said risers having an upper portion and a lower portion;
wherein at least one of the risers is mounted in a shingled fashion relative to an upper adjacent tread and the upwardly extending portion of the rear embed of a lower adjacent tread to achieve a water shedding effect; and
wherein the risers, front embeds, and rear embeds are constructed from materials selected from the group consisting of metal, plastic, and fiberglass.
38. A stadium seating construction system, comprising:
a tiered stadium seating support understructure;
a plurality of tiered concrete treads mounted to the stadium seating support understructure, at least one of said concrete treads comprising a concrete body portion, a front embed, and a rear non-concrete member, said rear non-concrete member extending upwardly beyond said concrete body portion; and
a plurality of tiered risers, at least one of said risers having an upper portion and a lower portion;
wherein at least one of the risers is attached to the front embed of an upper adjacent one of said concrete treads using a fastener;
wherein the lower portion of at least one of the risers is mounted in a shingled fashion relative to said rear non-concrete member of a lower adjacent tread to achieve a water shedding effect; and
wherein the risers, front embeds, and rear rear non-concrete member are constructed from materials selected from the group consisting of metal, plastic, and fiberglass.
39. The system of claim 38,
wherein the lower portion of at least one of the risers overlaps with a front side of said non-concrete member to achieve a water shedding effect.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor chip;
an electrode pad provided in said semiconductor chip; and
a coupling member connected to said electrode pad; and
an encapsulating resin encapsulating at least a connecting region between said electrode pad and said coupling member,
wherein:
said encapsulating resin contains no antimony and substantially no halogen,
said coupling member including a metal according to Formula (I): AuM (I), wherein M includes at least one selected from a group consisting of palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and platinum (Pt).
2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said electrode pad contains Al as a major constituent.
3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein said electrode pad further contains at least one of Si and Cu.
4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein said electrode pad further contains Si and Cu.
5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said metal contains gold (Au) and Pd.
6. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein said metal further contains at least one of Cu, Ag and Pt.
7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said encapsulating resin comprises a resin composed of a polymer compound, said polymer compound containing substantially no bromine (Br) in molecular structure.
8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein said polymer compound contains halogen of less than or equal to 100 ppm in concentration.
9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a die pad providing a chip-mounting region thereon,
wherein said semiconductor chip is mounted on said chip-mounting region, and
at least said semiconductor chip, said electrode pad, said coupling member and said chip-mounting region arc encapsulated with said encapsulating resin.
10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said metal contains Au and Ag.
11. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, wherein said metal further contains at least one of Cu and Pt.
12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said metal contains Au and Cu.
13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein said metal further contains Pt.
14. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein said coupling member is configured as a bonding wire connecting between said electrode pad and an external terminal.
15. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein at least said semiconductor chip, said electrode pad, and said coupling member are encapsulated with said encapsulating resin.
16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor chip;
an electrode pad provided in said semiconductor chip; and
a coupling member connected to said electrode pad; and
an encapsulating resin encapsulating at least a connecting region between said electrode pad and said coupling member,
wherein:
said encapsulating resin containing substantially no halogen and no antimony,
said coupling member including a metal according to Formula (I): AuM (I), wherein M includes at least one selected from a group consisting of palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and platinum (Pt), and
wherein an unevenly distributed region of M in the metal presented by formula (I) is included in vicinity of said connecting region to said electrode pad in said coupling member.
17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein a layer of an alloy of a metal contained as a main constituent in said electrode pad and Au is included between said electrode pad and said unevenly distributed regions of M in said vicinity of said connecting region.
18. The semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein an area of said layer in said electrode pad as a major constituent and Au occupies equal to or larger than 50% of area of the connecting portion between said electrode pad and said coupling member.