1. An intravenous (IV) bag for holding or delivering dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), comprising:
an inner layer, wherein the inner layer is fluid resistant and wherein in the inner layer is a material that is insoluble in DMSO;
an outer protective layer;
an intermediate binding layer comprising a binding material that contacts said inner and said outer layer; and
an indicator layer positioned between the inner layer and the intermediate layer, wherein said indicator layer is configured to indicate that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) andor a related compound has escaped from the inner layer.
2. The IV bag of claim 1, wherein the IV bag is configured to hold or deliver an IV solution having DMSO at levels from trace amounts to 100% DMSO.
3. The IV bag of claim 2, wherein the IV bag is configured to hold or deliver an IV solution having DMSO at levels from 5% to 30% DMSO.
4. The IV bag of claim 1, wherein the indicator layer comprises a light transmission changing indicator.
5. The IV bag of claim 4, wherein the light transmission changing indicator comprises a DMSO-absorptive plastic.
6. The IV bag of claim 5, wherein the DMSO-absorptive plastic turns from clear to cloudy or from transparent to translucent upon exposure to DMSO, thereby visually indicating that DMSO andor a related compound has escaped from the inner layer.
7. The IV bag of claim 1, wherein the indicator layer comprises a color changing indicator.
8. The IV bag of claim 7, wherein the color changing indicator comprises a compound that changes color upon exposure to moisture related to the escape of DMSO andor a related compound from the inner layer.
9. The IV bag of claim 1, wherein the indicator layer comprises a coating or dusting of indicator particles between the inner and the intermediate layer.
10. The IV bag of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a polyamide film that binds the inner and the outer layer.
11. The IV bag of claim 1, wherein the outer layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer.
12. The IV bag of claim 1, wherein the IV bag is prepared by co-extrusion.
13. A kit for facilitating the administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) comprising:
a) a container for holding or delivering dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) comprising:
an inner layer, wherein the inner layer is fluid resistant and wherein the inner layer is a material that is insoluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO);
a protective outer layer;
an intermediate binding layer comprising a binding material that binds the inner and the outer layers; and
an indicator layer disposed between the inner layer and the intermediate layer and configured to indicate whether DMSO andor a related compound has escaped from the inner layer;
b) at least one DMSO resistant catheter;
c) at least one DMSO resistant needle; and
d) instructions for use.
14. The kit of claim 13, further comprising DMSO.
15. The kit of claim 13, further comprising an adsorbant material for adsorbing odors associated with DMSO andor related compounds.
16. The kit of claim 13, wherein the kit is for treating a patient in need of neuroprotective andor neurotherapeutic treatment.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An LED lighting assembly, comprising:
a bifurcated light guide configured to propagate light by total internal reflection, the bifurcated light guide comprising:
a light input edge extending along a width direction;
a bifurcation region extending along the width direction, the bifurcation region displaced from the light input edge along a length direction perpendicular to the width direction; and
first and second light guide portions extending along the width direction and extending from the bifurcation region along the length direction, each light guide portion comprising a proximal end proximate the bifurcation region, a distal end distal the bifurcation region, an outer major surface, and an inner major surface, the inner major surfaces facing toward each other and the outer major surfaces facing away from each other, the distal ends separated from each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the width direction and the length direction; and
a light source juxtaposed the light input edge to edge light the light guide through the light input edge such that light from the light source enters the light guide portions through the respective proximal ends and propagates along the light guide portions by total internal reflection at the respective inner and outer major surfaces toward the respective distal ends.
2. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein a curvature of at least one of the light guide portions extending toward the distal end decreases in the transverse direction.
3. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein a curvature of at least one of the light guide portions extending toward the distal end increases in the transverse direction.
4. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the light guide portions tapers in thickness from the proximal end to the distal end.
5. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, additionally comprising light extracting elements at at least one of the major surfaces of at least one of the light guide portions, the light extracting elements configured to extract light through at least one of the respective outer major surface and the inner major surface.
6. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, additionally comprising a light redirecting element juxtaposed the distal end of at least one of the light guide portions, the light redirecting element configured to redirect light output from the distal end.
7. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, additionally comprising a light redirecting element positioned between the inner major surfaces of the light guide portions, the light redirecting element configured to redirect light output from at least one of the first light guide portion, the second light guide portion, and the bifurcation region.
8. The LED lighting assembly of claim 7, wherein the light redirecting element is diffusive.
9. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, additionally comprising a reflective surface juxtaposed the outer major surface of at least one of the light guide portions.
10. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, additionally comprising a housing configured to retain the bifurcated light guide and the light source.
11. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the light guide is moveable relative to the light source to vary a position of the light guide relative to the housing and the light source.
12. The LED lighting assembly of claim 11, wherein the light input edge comprises light input regions, at least one of the light input regions associated with an optical modifying characteristic, wherein light emitted from the light source is selectively apportioned between the light input regions so that a characteristic of the light output from the lighting assembly is modified based on the optical modifying characteristic of the at least one of the light input regions and the relative positioning of the light input regions and the light source.
13. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the bifurcated light guide is constructed from two or more light guide parts.
14. The LED lighting assembly of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a solid-state light emitter.
15. A bifurcated light guide configured to propagate light by total internal reflection, the bifurcated light guide comprising:
a light input edge extending along a width direction;
a bifurcation region extending along the width direction, the bifurcation region displaced from the light input edge along a length direction perpendicular to the width direction; and
first and second light guide portions extending along the width direction and extending from the bifurcation region along the length direction, each light guide portion comprising a proximal end proximate the bifurcation region, a distal end distal the bifurcation region, an outer major surface, and an inner major surface, the inner major surfaces facing toward each other and the outer major surfaces facing away from each other, the distal ends separated from each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the width direction and the length direction.
16. The bifurcated light guide of claim 15, wherein a curvature of at least one of the light guide portions extending toward the distal end decreases in the transverse direction.
17. The bifurcated light guide of claim 15, wherein a curvature of at least one of the light guide portions extending toward the distal end increases in the transverse direction.
18. The bifurcated light guide of claim 15, additionally comprising light extracting elements at at least one of the major surfaces of at least one of the light guide portions, the light extracting elements configured to extract light through at least one of the respective outer major surface and the inner major surface.
19. The bifurcated light guide of claim 15, additionally comprising a light redirecting element juxtaposed the distal end of at least one of the light guide portions, the light redirecting element configured to redirect light output from the distal end.
20. The bifurcated light guide of claim 15, wherein the bifurcated light guide is constructed from two or more light guide parts.