1. A machine readable medium providing executable program instructions for causing a data processing system to perform a method of managing data, the method comprising:
storing metadata for a plurality of files created by at least one software application which is executable on a data processing system, wherein the type of information in metadata for files of a first type differs from the type of information in metadata for files of a second type;
storing a file system directory which maintains information spec g at least one of (a) a relationship between metadata for a first file, of the plurality of files, and the first file; and (b) a location of the metadata for the first file.
2. A medium as in claim 1 wherein the first file includes a persistent identifier and the metadata for the first file includes the persistent identifier.
3. A medium as in claim 2 wherein the persistent identifier provides a persistent association between the first file and the metadata for the first file.
4. A medium claim 1 wherein the file system directory maintains information specifying both the relationship and the location and wherein the metadata is stored in a database which is searched by a searching system.
5. A machine implemented method comprising:
storing metadata for a plurality of files created by at least one software application which is executable on a data processing system, wherein the type of information in metadata for files of a first type differs from the type of information in metadata for files of a second type;
storing a file system directory which maintains information specifying at least one of (a) a relationship between metadata for a first file, of the plurality of files, and the first file; and (b) a location of the metadata for the first file.
6. A method as in claim 5 wherein the first file includes a persistent identifier and the metadata for the first file includes the persistent identifier and wherein the file system directory is separate from metadata.
7. A method as in claim 6 wherein the persistent identifier provides a persistent association between the first file and the metadata for the first file, and wherein the metadata is stored in a database which is searched by a searching system.
8. A data processing system comprising:
a metadata database storing a plurality of files created by at least one software application which is executable on a data processing system wherein the type of information in metadata for files of a first type differs from the type of information in metadata for files of a second type;
a file system directory operatively coupled to the metadata database, the file system directory maintaining information which specifies at least one of (a) a relationship between metadata for a first file, of the plurality of files, and the first file; and (b) a location of the metadata for the first file.
9. A machine readable medium providing executable program instructions for causing a data processing system to perform a method of managing data, the method comprising:
storing metadata for a plurality of files created by at least one software application which is executable on a data processing system, wherein the type of information in metadata for files of a first type differs from the type of information in metadata for files of a second type and wherein metadata for each file includes a persistent file identifier for the each file.
10. A method implemented in a data processing system, the method comprising:
storing metadata for a plurality of files created by at least one software application which is executable on a data processing system, wherein the type of information in metadata for files of a first type differs from the type of information in metadata for files of a second type and wherein metadata for each file includes a persistent file identifier for the each file.
11. A machine readable medium providing executable program instructions for causing a data processing system to perform a method of managing data, the method comprising:
generating, by an application program, metadata for a file accessible to the application program;
providing the metadata for the file to a metadata database having metadata for a plurality of files created by at least one software application, wherein the type of information in metadata for files of a first type differs from the type of information in metadata for files of a second type.
12. A medium as in claim 11 wherein the generating is in response to the application program’s creating or modifying the file and wherein the generating occurs without an importer of metadata.
13. A medium as in claim 11 wherein the providing occurs without a notification to a metadata processing software which manages the metadata database.
14. A medium as in claim 11 wherein the metadata database is a system wide database for a plurality of application programs.
15. A medium as in claim 11 wherein the metadata is received by a metadata management program from the application program.
16. A machine implemented method comprising:
generating, by an application program, metadata for a accessible to the application program;
providing the metadata for the file to a metadata database having metadata for a plurality of files created by at least one software application, wherein the type of information in metadata for files of a first type differs from the type of information in metadata for files of a second type.
17. A method as in claim 16 wherein the generating is in response to the application program’s creating or modifying the file and wherein the generating occurs without an importer of metadata.
18. A method as in claim 16 wherein the providing occurs without a notification to a metadata processing software which manages the metadata database.
19. A method as in claim 16 wherein the metadata database is a system wide database for a plurality of application programs.
20. A method as in claim 16 wherein the metadata is received by a metadata management program from the application program.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A device comprising:
a first electrode and a second electrode;
a plurality of semiconductor nanowires in electrical communication with the first electrode and the second electrode;
a J-aggregate electrostatically associated with at least a portion of the plurality of semiconductor nanowires.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of semiconductor nanowires includes a Group II-VI compound, a Group II-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group II-IV-VI compound, a Group IV compound, a Group II-IV-V compound, or a mixture thereof.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the plurality of semiconductor nanowires includes ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, AN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, GaSe, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, TlN, TlP, TlAs, TlSb, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, Si, Ge, or a mixture thereof.
4. The device of claim 3, the plurality of semiconductor nanowires includes a ligand bound to a surface of the semiconductor nanowire, wherein the ligand includes a first moiety having an affinity for a surface of the nanowire, and a second moiety bearing an electrostatic charge.
5. The device of claim 4, wherein the J-aggregate bears an electrostatic charge opposite to the electrostatic charge of the second moiety.
6. The device of claim 4, wherein the ligand is a polydentate ligand.
7. The device of claim 4, wherein the ligand includes more than one moiety bearing an electrostatic charge.
8. The device of claim 4, wherein the ligand is an oligomer or polymer.
9. A method of making a device, comprising:
forming a plurality of semiconductor nanowires;
contacting the plurality of semiconductor nanowires with a ligand, wherein the ligand includes a first moiety having an affinity for a surface of the nanowire, and a second moiety bearing an electrostatic charge;
contacting the plurality of semiconductor nanowires with a J-aggregate; and
arranging the plurality of semiconductor nanowires in electrical communication with a first electrode and a second electrode.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of semiconductor nanowires includes a Group II-VI compound, a Group II-V compound, a Group III-VI compound, a Group III-V compound, a Group IV-VI compound, a Group I-III-VI compound, a Group II-IV-VI compound, a Group IV compound, a Group II-IV-V compound, or a mixture thereof.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of semiconductor nanowires includes ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, AN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, GaSe, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, TlN, TlP, TlAs, TlSb, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, Si, Ge, or a mixture thereof.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein forming the plurality of semiconductor nanowires includes:
contacting a first electrode and a second electrode with a reactant solution; and
applying an electric field across the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein at least one electrode includes a catalyst.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are supported on a substrate.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the substrate includes glass, quartz, or silicon.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are facing electrodes separated by a gap.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the gap is between 10 nm and 100 microns in width.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one electrode includes platinum and titanium.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the catalyst includes a seed particle.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the catalyst includes bismuth.
20. The method of claim 12, further comprising heating the reactant solution to a growth temperature between 120\xb0 C. and 400\xb0 C.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the reactant solution includes a metal source and a chalcogenide source.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the metal source includes cadmium.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the chalcogenide source includes selenium.