1. A composition consisting essentially of:
(a) E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene; and
(b) 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane; wherein the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane is present in an effective amount to form an azeotropic combination with the E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene.
2. The composition of claim 1, consisting essentially of from about 3.9 mole % to about 24.1 mole % of E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene and from about 75.9 mole % to about 96.1 mole percent 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane.
3. The composition of claim 1, consisting essentially of from about 3.9 mole % to about 24.1 mole % of E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene and from about 75.9 mole % to about 96.1 mole percent 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, wherein the vapor pressure is from about 0.59 psia to about 346 psia at a temperature of from about \u221240\xb0 C. to about 140\xb0 C.
4. A composition consisting essentially of:
(a) E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene; and
(b) 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane; wherein the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane is present in an effective amount to form an azeotrope-like combination with the E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene.
5. The composition of claim 4, consisting essentially of from about 1 mole % to about 99 mole % of E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene and from about 99 mole % to about 1 mole % 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane.
6. The composition of claim 4, consisting essentially of from about 1 mole % to about 99 mole % of to about 99 mole % of E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene and from about 99 mole % to about 1 mole % 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, at a temperature of from about \u221240\xb0 C. to about 120\xb0 C.
7. A composition consisting essentially of:
(a) E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; and
(b) 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane; wherein the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane is present in an effective amount to form an azeotropic combination with the E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
8. The composition of claim 7, consisting essentially of from about 65.6 mole % to about 86.7 mole % of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and from about 13.3 mole % to about 34.4 mole % 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane.
9. The composition of claim 7, consisting essentially of from about 65.6 mole % to about 86.7 mole % of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and from about 13.3 mole % to about 34.4 mole % 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, wherein the vapor pressure is from about 0.98 psia to about 333 psia at a temperature of from about \u221240\xb0 C. to about 130\xb0 C.
10. A composition consisting essentially of:
(a) E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; and
(b) 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane; wherein the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane is present in an effective amount to form an azeotrope-like combination with the E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
11. The composition of claim 10, consisting essentially of from about 1 mole % to about 99 mole % of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 99 mole % to about 1 mole % of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane.
12. The composition of claim 10, consisting essentially of from about 1 mole % to about 99 mole % of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from about 99 mole % to about 1 mole % of 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, at a temperature of from about \u221240\xb0 C. to about 120\xb0 C.
13. A composition consisting essentially of:
(a) Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene; and
(b) E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; wherein the E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is present in an effective amount to form an azeotrope-like combination with the Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene.
14. The composition of claim 13, consisting essentially of from about 1 mole % to about 99 mole % of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and from about 99 mole % to 1 mole % of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
15. The composition of claim 13, consisting essentially of from about 1 mole % to about 99 mole % of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and from about 99 mole % to 1 mole % of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, at a temperature of from about \u221240\xb0 C. to about 140\xb0 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1.-21. (canceled)
22. A system for compensating for a time-varying disturbance in light output by a light source, the system comprising:
a light sensor configured for sensing light output by a light source and for generating a light-sense signal based thereon;
an adaptive controller circuit configured for adjusting a control signal u in a repetition j by:
(i) measuring a tracking error caused by a characteristic of the time-varying disturbance in the light-sense signal in a prior repetition j\u22121,
(ii) generating a correction factor based on the tracking error, and
(iii) modifying the control signal u in the repetition j based on the control signal u in the prior repetition j\u22121 and the correction factor; and
a driver circuit configured for driving an LED in accordance with the control signal to thereby compensate for the time-varying disturbance.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the adaptive controller circuit comprises at least one of a repetitive controller, an iterative-learning controller, or run-to-run controller.
24. The system of claim 22, wherein the characteristic of the time-varying disturbance comprises (i) a frequency, (ii) a wave form, or (iii) whether the disturbance is dynamic and, if so, whether it exhibits periodicity.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the adaptive controller circuit is further configured for selecting a signal model based on the characteristic and wherein the control signal is modified using the signal model.
26. The system of claim 22, further comprising a negative feedback controller for compensating for an aperiodic component of the disturbance.
27. The system of claim 22, wherein the light source is the driven LED or a LED string.
28. The system of claim 22, wherein the light source is a source other than the driven LED.
29. The system of claim 22, wherein the light source is not in electrical communication with the system.
30. The system of claim 22, wherein the adaptive controller circuit implements a transfer function for generating the output signal.
31. The system of claim 22, wherein the adaptive controller circuit comprises a digital processor and memory.
32. The system of claim 22, wherein the adaptive controller circuit comprises an integrator for detecting a static disturbance.
33. The system of claim 22, further comprising a light shield for shielding the light sensor from light not produced by the LED.
34. A method for compensating for disturbances in light output by a light source, the method comprising:
sensing light output by a light source and generating a light-sense signal based thereon;
detecting a time-varying disturbance in the light-sense signal;
measuring a tracking error caused by a characteristic of the time-varying disturbance in the light-sense signal in a prior repetition j\u22121;
generating a correction factor based on the tracking error;
modifying a control signal u in the repetition j based on the control signal u in the prior repetition j\u22121 and the correction factor; and
driving an LED in accordance with the control signal to thereby compensate for the time-varying disturbance.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the disturbance is aperiodic and a negative feedback controller is configured for generating the output signal based on iterative learning of the disturbance.
36. The method of claim 34, wherein the characteristic of the time-varying disturbance is one of (i) a frequency, (ii) a wave form, or (iii) whether the disturbance is dynamic and, if so, whether it exhibits periodicity.
37. The method of claim 34, further comprising selecting a signal model based on at least one characteristic, wherein the output signal is generated using the signal model.
38. The method of claim 34, wherein the light source is the LED.
39. The method of claim 34, wherein the light source is a source other than the LED.
40. The method of claim 34, wherein the disturbance is static.
41. The method of claim 34, wherein generating the output signal comprises generating a sinusoid.
42. The method of claim 34, further comprising detecting a periodic disturbance and comparing the light-sense signal with a reference signal.