1. A terminal search method, comprising:
acquiring an application identifier;
broadcasting a broadcast frame that carries the application identifier to a receiving end;
receiving a message that is sent by a candidate receiving end and carries a target application identifier, wherein the target application identifier is selected by the candidate receiving end from the application identifier; and
determining a target receiving end from the candidate receiving end to establish a connection of a target application with the target receiving end.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a sending end stores a first application identifier list, and an application corresponding to each application identifier in the first application identifier list is in an active state, and wherein acquiring the application identifier comprises acquiring the application identifier from the first application identifier list.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a sending end stores a second application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the second application identifier list, and the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and wherein acquiring the application identifier comprises acquiring an application identifier whose state flag is set to the active state from the second application identifier list.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein receiving the message that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries the target application identifier comprises receiving a broadcast frame response message that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries the target application identifier.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein after determining the target receiving end from the candidate receiving end, the method further comprises sending a connection request message that carries the target application identifier to the target receiving end to trigger the establishment of the connection of the target application with the target receiving end.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a sending end stores a third application identifier list, an application corresponding to each application identifier in the third application identifier list is in an active state, and a proactive announcement flag is set for at least one application identifier in the third application identifier list, and wherein acquiring the application identifier comprises acquiring an application identifier for which a proactive announcement flag is set from the third application identifier list.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a sending end stores a fourth application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the fourth application identifier list, the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and a proactive announcement flag is set for at least one application identifier in the fourth application identifier list, and wherein acquiring the application identifier comprises acquiring an application identifier for which a proactive announcement flag is set and whose state flag is set to the active state from the fourth application identifier list.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein receiving the message that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries the target application identifier comprises receiving a connection request message that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries the target application identifier.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein before receiving the message that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries the target application identifier, the method further comprises:
receiving a unicast frame that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries a candidate application identifier;
determining a target application identifier from the candidate application identifier, wherein the target application identifier is comprised in the third application identifier list, or comprised in the fourth application list, and a state flag corresponding to the target application identifier is set to the active state; and
sending a unicast frame response message that carries the target application identifier to the candidate receiving end.
10. A terminal search method, comprising:
receiving a broadcast frame that is broadcast by a sending end and carries an application identifier;
determining a target application identifier from the application identifier, wherein an application corresponding to the target application identifier is in an active state on a receiving end; and
sending a message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end to establish a connection of the target application with the sending end.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the receiving end stores a first application identifier list, and an application corresponding to each application identifier in the first application identifier list is in an active state, and wherein determining the target application identifier from the application identifier, wherein the application corresponding to the target application identifier is in the active state on the receiving end comprises searching the first application list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the receiving end stores a second application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the second application identifier list, and the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and wherein determining the target application identifier from the application identifier, wherein the application corresponding to the target application identifier is in the active state on the receiving end comprises searching the second application identifier list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier, wherein a state flag corresponding to the target application identifier is set to the active state.
13. The method according to claim 11, wherein sending the message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end comprises sending a broadcast frame response message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end.
14. The method according to claim 11, wherein after sending the message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end, the method further comprises receiving a connection request message that is sent by the sending end and carries the target application identifier.
15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the receiving end stores a third application identifier list, and an application corresponding to each application identifier in the third application identifier list is in an active state, and wherein determining the target application identifier from the application identifier, wherein the application corresponding to the target application identifier is in the active state on the receiving end comprises searching the third application identifier list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier.
16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the receiving end stores a fourth application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the fourth application identifier list, and the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and wherein determining the target application identifier from the application identifier, wherein the application corresponding to the target application identifier is in the active state on the receiving end comprises searching the fourth application identifier list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier, wherein a state flag corresponding to the target application identifier is set to the active state.
17. The method according to claim 15, wherein sending the message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end comprises sending a connection request message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end.
18. The method according to claim 15, wherein determining the target application identifier from the application identifier, wherein the application corresponding to the target application identifier is in the active state on the receiving end comprises:
searching the third application identifier list for a candidate application identifier that is the same as the application identifier; or
searching the fourth application identifier list for a candidate application identifier that is the same as the application identifier, wherein a state flag corresponding to the candidate application identifier is set to the active state;
sending a unicast frame that carries the candidate application identifier to the sending end;
receiving a unicast frame response message that is sent by the sending end and carries the target application identifier; and
acquiring the target application identifier.
19. A sending end, comprising:
an application register service module;
an acquiring unit configured to acquire an application identifier;
a broadcasting unit configured to broadcast a broadcast frame that carries the application identifier to a receiving end;
a receiving unit configured to receive a message that is sent by a candidate receiving end and carries a target application identifier, wherein the target application identifier is selected by the candidate receiving end from the application identifier; and
a processing unit configured to determine a target receiving end from the candidate receiving end to establish a connection of a target application with the target receiving end.
20. The sending end according to claim 19, wherein the sending end further comprises a first storing unit configured to store a first application identifier list, and an application corresponding to each application identifier in the first application identifier list is in an active state, and wherein the acquiring unit is configured to acquire an application identifier from the first application identifier list.
21. The sending end according to claim 19, wherein the sending end further comprises a second storing unit configured to store a second application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the second application identifier list, and the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and wherein the acquiring unit is configured to acquire an application identifier whose state flag is set to the active state from the second application identifier list.
22. The sending end according to claim 20, wherein the receiving unit is configured to receive a broadcast frame response message that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries the target application identifier.
23. The sending end according to claim 20, further comprising a sending unit configured to send a connection request message that carries the target application identifier to the target receiving end to trigger the establishment of the connection of the target application with the target receiving end.
24. The sending end according to claim 19, wherein the sending end further comprises a third storing unit configured to store a third application identifier list, an application corresponding to each application identifier in the third application identifier list is in an active state, and a proactive announcement flag is set for at least one application identifier in the third application identifier list, and wherein the acquiring unit is configured to acquire an application identifier for which a proactive announcement flag is set from the third application identifier list.
25. The sending end according to claim 19, wherein the sending end further comprises a fourth storing unit configured to store a fourth application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the fourth application identifier list, the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and a proactive announcement flag is set for at least one application identifier in the fourth application identifier list, and wherein the acquiring unit is configured to acquire an application identifier for which a proactive announcement flag is set and whose state flag is set to the active state from the fourth application identifier list.
26. The sending end according to claim 24, wherein the receiving unit is configured to receive a connection request message that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries the target application identifier.
27. The sending end according to claim 24, further comprising:
a unicast frame receiving unit configured to receive a unicast frame that is sent by the candidate receiving end and carries a candidate application identifier;
a determining unit configured to determine a target application identifier from the candidate application identifier, wherein the target application identifier is comprised in the third application identifier list, or comprised in the fourth application list, and a state flag corresponding to the target application identifier is set to the active state; and
a response message sending unit configured to send a unicast frame response message that carries the target application identifier to the candidate receiving end.
28. A receiving end, comprising:
an application register service module;
a receiving unit configured to receive a broadcast frame that is broadcast by a sending end and carries an application identifier;
a searching unit configured to determine a target application identifier from the application identifier, wherein an application corresponding to the target application identifier is in an active state on the receiving end; and
a sending unit configured to send a message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end to establish a connection of the target application with the sending end.
29. The receiving end according to claim 28, wherein the receiving end further comprises a first storing unit configured to store a first application identifier list, and an application corresponding to each application identifier in the first application identifier list is in an active state, and wherein the searching unit is configured to search the first application list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier.
30. The receiving end according to claim 28, wherein the receiving end further comprises a second storing unit configured to store a second application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the second application identifier list, and the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and wherein the searching unit is configured to search the second application identifier list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier, wherein a state flag corresponding to the target application identifier is set to the active state.
31. The receiving end according to claim 29, wherein the sending unit is configured to send a broadcast frame response message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end.
32. The receiving end according to claim 29, wherein the receiving unit is further configured to receive a connection request message that is sent by the sending end and carries the target application identifier.
33. The receiving end according to claim 28, wherein the receiving end further comprises a third storing unit configured to store a third application identifier list, and an application corresponding to each application identifier in the third application identifier list is in an active state, and wherein the searching unit is configured to search the third application identifier list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier.
34. The receiving end according to claim 28, wherein the receiving end further comprises a fourth storing unit configured to store a fourth application identifier list, a state flag is set for each application identifier in the fourth application identifier list, and the state flag is used to indicate whether an application is in an active state or an inactive state, and wherein the searching unit is configured to search the fourth application identifier list for a target application identifier that is the same as the application identifier, wherein a state flag corresponding to the target application identifier is set to the active state.
35. The receiving end according to claim 33, wherein the sending unit is configured to send a connection request message that carries the target application identifier to the sending end.
36. The receiving end according to claim 33, wherein the searching unit comprises:
a searching module configured to search the third application identifier list for a candidate application identifier that is the same as the application identifier; or configured to search the fourth application identifier list for a candidate application identifier that is the same as the application identifier, wherein a state flag corresponding to the candidate application identifier is set to the active state;
a unicast frame sending module configured to send a unicast frame that carries the candidate application identifier to the sending end; and
a response message receiving module configured to receive a unicast frame response message that is sent by the sending end and carries the target application identifier, and acquire the target application identifier.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A biosensor system comprising:
an implantable analyte-sensitive hydrogel slab chemically configured to vary its displacement volume according to changes in concentration of an analyte in a body fluid in a body in which the hydrogel slab is implanted; and
scanning means configured to quantiflably detect changes in the displacement volume of the hydrogel slab when it is implanted within the body.
2. The biosensor system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel slab is disposed in a support block formed of a rigid or semi-rigid support material, the support block having one or more openings permitting the body fluid to contact the hydrogel.
3. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the opening(s) are covered by a semipermeable membrane which is configured to permit passage of the analyte and prevent passage of proteins into the groove.
4. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the support block is sized and configured to permit expansion of the hydrogel slab substantially in only one dimension.
5. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the support block is characterized by dimensions x, y, and z, and the support block is sized and configured to limit expansion of the hydrogel in dimensions x and z, and to permit expansion of the hydrogel in the y direction.
6. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein a semi-permeable membrane covers the hydrogel slab and the groove, the membrane being configured to permit passage of the analyte and prevent passage of proteins into the groove.
7. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the support block has three dimensions, at least one of said dimensions sized to prevent expansion of the hydrogel slab, and at least one of said dimensions sized to accommodate the hydrogel at its maximal displacement volume.
8. The biosensor system of claim 7, wherein two of said dimensions are sized to prevent expansion of the hydrogel slab.
9. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the support block has scale means located adjacent the hydrogel slab for providing known scale dimensional values to compare with the hydrogel slab.
10. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the support block further has a second groove containing a reference hydrogel slab, the reference hydrogel being chemically configured to lack analyte sensitivity.
11. The biosensor system of claim 1, wherein
the hydrogel slab is shaped as a filament having a lengthwise dimension Y which is substantially greater than first and second width dimensions X and Z, and further including
a support block formed of a support material, said hydrogel filament being disposed within the support block.
12. The biosensor system of claim 11, wherein the support block is sized and configured to permit expansion of the hydrogel filament in only the Y dimension.
13. The biosensor system of claim 12 wherein the lengthwise dimension Y is between about 0.2 cm and about 2 cm.
14. The biosensor system of claim 12 wherein the lengthwise dimension of the filament is between about 0.2 cm and 1 cm.
15. The biosensor system of claim 11, wherein the lengthwise dimension of the filament is between about 5 and about 50 times each of the first and second widths.
16. The biosensor system of claim 11, wherein X and Z are each between about 0.1 cm and about 1 cm.
17. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the hydrogel slab has pendant charged groups selected to confer pH-sensitivity, such that the hydrogel swells or shrinks according to changes in pH.
18. The biosensor system of claim 17, wherein the pendant charged groups confer a net negative charge on the hydrogel slab.
19. The biosensor system of claim 17, wherein the pendant charged groups confer a net positive charge on the hydrogel slab.
20. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the hydrogel slab is composed by polymerizing one or more chemical subunits selected from the group consisting of: acrylamide, dimethyl-acrylamide, sodium acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-alkyl methacrylate, acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, N-3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl-acrylamide, styrene, N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and 3-methacrylamidophenylboronic acid.
21. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the hydrogel slab is chemically configured to vary its displacement volume according to the concentration of glucose in a human body fluid.
22. The biosensor system of claim 21, wherein the hydrogel further includes a quantity of immobilized molecules having glucose oxidase activity.
23. The biosensor system of claim 21, wherein the hydrogel has
a quantity of glucose-binding moieties immobilized therein, and
a quantity of complementary molecules immobilized therein, said complementary molecules configured to selectively bind to said glucose-binding moieties.
24. The biosensor system of claim 22, wherein the glucose-binding moieties are selected from the group consisting of: boronic acids, phenylboronic acid, inactivated glucose-binding enzymes, glucose binding sites derived from glucose-binding enzymes, glucose-specific antibodies, lectins, and glucose binding sites derived from lectins.
25. The biosensor system of claim 22, wherein the complementary molecules are selected from the group consisting of: diols, poly(vinyl) alcohol, and hexose saccharides.
26. The biosensor system of claim 1, wherein the scanning means comprises means for ultrasound detection, said ultrasound detection means being configured to detect changes in the displacement volume of the hydrogel slab.
27. The biosensor system of claim 26, further including computing means operably associated with the scanning means for translating a measured value of the displacement volume to a corresponding analyte concentration, and producing an output signal reflective thereof.
28. The biosensor system of claim 26, wherein the ultrasound detection means forms part of a scanning unit, the scanning unit being portable and sized and shaped to be handheld.
29. The biosensor system of claim 26, wherein the ultrasound detection means forms part of a scanning unit configured for attachment on the surface of a patient’s body adjacent to the location at which the sensor chip is implanted.
30. The biosensor system of claim 27, further including a continuous-monitoring alarm unit operably disposed to receive an output signal reflective of the displacement volume or of the analyte concentration corresponding to the displacement volume, said alarm system configured to compare the output signal to a predetermined safe range and to provide a warning to the patient andor to caretakers when the output signal falls outside the safe range.
31. The biosensor system of claim 30, wherein the scanning unit further includes wireless transmission means operably connected and configured to transmit an output signal reflective of the displacement volume or of the analyte concentration corresponding to the displacement volume to a remote monitoring device.
32. The biosensor system of claim 1, wherein the scanning means comprises means for magnetic resonance scanning capable of detecting changes in the displacement volume of the hydrogel slab.
33. The biosensor system of claim 1, wherein the scanning means comprises means for computerized tomography capable of detecting changes in the displacement volume of the hydrogel slab.
34. The biosensor system of claim 2, wherein the support material is selected from the group consisting of: Teflon, rigid or semi-rigid plastics, stainless steel, ceramics, and composite materials.
35. An implantable biosensor chip for implantation into a patient’s body comprising:
a support block formed of rigid or semi-rigid, biocompatible material,
a groove in the support block having one or more openings permitting penetration of a patient’s body fluid, and
an analyte sensitive hydrogel slab disposed within the groove, said hydrogel slab being chemically configured to vary its displacement volume according to changes in concentration of an analyte in the body fluid, and said hydrogel slab being further configured to be detectable by externally-based means for imaging body structures.
36. The biosensor chip of claim 35, wherein the opening(s) into the groove are covered with a semipermeable membrane configured to permit passage of the analyte and prevent passage of proteins into the groove.
37. The biosensor chip of claim 36, wherein the hydrogel slab has a length dimension Y and first and second width dimensions X and Z, and wherein the groove is sized to permit expansion of the hydrogel slab in the length dimension and to substantially prevent expansion of the hydrogel slab in one or both of the width dimensions.
38. The biosensor chip of claim 37, wherein the hydrogel slab is shaped as a filament having a lengthwise dimension Y which is substantially greater than first and second width dimensions X and Z.
39. The biosensor chip of claim 38 wherein the lengthwise dimension Y is between about 0.2 cm and about 2 cm.
40. The biosensor chip of claim 39, wherein the lengthwise dimension of the filament is between about 5 and about 50 times each of the first and second widths.
41. The biosensor chip of claim 36, further including scale means disposed on said support block and located adjacent the hydrogel slab for providing known scale dimensional values to compare with the hydrogel slab, said scale means being detectable in simultaneity with the hydrogel slab.
42. The biosensor chip of claim 36, wherein the support block further has a second groove containing a reference hydrogel slab, the second groove having one or more openings permitting the body fluid to contact the reference hydrogel slab, and the reference hydrogel slab being insensitive to analyte concentration but otherwise substantially identical in dimensions and chemical composition to the analyte-sensitive hydrogel.
43. The biosensor chip of claim 36, wherein the support block is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of: Teflon, rigid or semi-rigid plastics, stainless steel, ceramics, and composite materials.
44. The biosensor chip of claim 36, wherein the hydrogel slab has pendant charged groups selected to confer pH-sensitivity, such that the hydrogel swells or shrinks according to changes in pH.
45. The biosensor chip of claim 44, wherein the pendant charged groups are selected from the group consisting of: 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl acrylamide, N-(2,2-diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate, N(2,2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate, N-(2,2-dimethylaminoethyl) acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, vinyl pyridine, acrylic acid, methacryl acid, sodium acryl acid, and 2-acrylamino-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid.
46. The biosensor chip of claim 44, wherein the pendant charged groups confer either a net negative charge or a net positive charge on the hydrogel slab.
47. The biosensor chip of claim 36, wherein the hydrogel slab is composed of one or more chemical subunits selected from the group consisting of: acrylamide, dimethyl-acrylamide, sodium acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-alkyl methacrylate, acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, N-3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propylacrylamide, styrene, and 3-methacryl-amidophenylboronic acid.
48. The biosensor chip of claim 36, wherein the hydrogel slab is chemically configured to vary its displacement volume according to the concentration of glucose in a human body fluid.
49. The biosensor chip of claim 48, wherein the hydrogel further includes a quantity of immobilized molecules having glucose oxidase activity.
50. The biosensor chip of claim 48, wherein the hydrogel has
a quantity of glucose-binding moieties immobilized therein, and
a quantity of complementary molecules immobilized therein, said complementary molecules configured to selectively bind to said glucose-binding moieties.
51. The biosensor chip of claim 50, wherein the glucose-binding moieties are selected from the group consisting of: boronic acids, phenylboronic acid, 3-methylacrylamido-phenylboronic acid, 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid, inactivated glucose-binding enzymes, glucose binding sites derived from glucose-binding enzymes, glucose-specific antibodies, lectins, concanavalin A, and glucose binding sites derived from lectins.
52. The biosensor chip of claim 50, wherein the complementary molecules are selected from the group consisting of: diols, poly(vinyl) alcohol, glucosyloxyethylmethacrylate, acryl glucose, N-(2-D-glucose)acrylamide, and hexose saccharides.
53. The biosensor chip of claim 36, wherein the groove has three dimensions x, y, and z, and wherein the groove is sized to permit expansion of the hydrogel slab in the y-dimension only.
54. The biosensor chip of claim 53, wherein under an initial condition the hydrogel slab has a width x0, thickness z0, and length y0, y0 being between about 5 and about 50 times greater than both x0 and y0.
55. The biosensor chip of claim 54, wherein y0 is between about 0.2 cm and about 2 cm.
56. The biosensor chip of claim 35, wherein the hydrogel slab is made up of a plurality of individual pieces of hydrogel.
57. A method of monitoring an analyte in a patient’s body fluid in situ, comprising the steps of:
implanting a biosensor chip of claim 36 in the patient’s body,
providing means for scanning the hydrogel slab in the biosensor chip implanted within the patient’s body, and
arranging and operating the hydrogel scanning means to detect changes in the displacement volume of the hydrogel.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein the step of providing hydrogel scanning means is a step of providing ultrasound detection means disposed and configured to detect changes in the displacement volume of the hydrogel.
59. The method of claim 57, wherein the step of providing hydrogel scanning means is a step of providing means for magnetic resonance scanning.
60. The method of claim 57, further including a step of providing computing means operably associated with the scanning means for translating a measured value of the displacement volume to a corresponding analyte concentration, and producing an output signal reflective thereof.
61. The method of claim 60, further including a step of calibrating the displacement volume against the concentration of analyte in a solution, said calibration step including steps of:
contacting the sensor chip with a series of solutions having different known concentrations of analyte,
storing a value of the displacement volume for each of the solutions, and
constructing a calibration curve for translating a measured displacement volume to a corresponding analyte concentration.
62. The method of claim 61, wherein the analyte is glucose.
63. A biosensor system comprising:
an implantable sensor chip including an analyte-sensitive hydrogel slab chemically configured to vary its displacement volume according to changes in concentration of an analyte in a patient’s body fluid; and
image scanning means configured to image the hydrogel slab and to quantify changes in the displacement volume.
64. The biosensor system of claim 63, wherein the sensor chip further includes a support block made of a rigid or semi-rigid support material, and the hydrogel slab is disposed within a groove formed in the block, the groove having one or more openings permitting the body fluid to contact the hydrogel slab.
65. The biosensor system of claim 64, wherein the groove is sized and configured to permit only one-dimensional elongation or contraction of the hydrogel slab.
66. The biosensor system of claim 64, wherein the sensor chip further includes a reference hydrogel slab disposed within a second groove, the reference hydrogel being chemically configured to be insensitive to analyte concentration but otherwise substantially identical to the analyte-sensitive hydrogel, and the second groove also having an opening permitting contact between the body fluid and the reference hydrogel slab.
67. The biosensor system of claim 64, wherein the sensor chip further includes scale marks disposed adjacent to the hydrogel slab, said scale marks being detectable by the scanning means in simultaneity with the hydrogel slab.
68. The biosensor system of claim 63, wherein the hydrogel slab is chemically configured to vary its displacement volume according to the concentration of glucose in a human body fluid.
69. The biosensor system of claim 68, wherein the hydrogel further includes a quantity of immobilized molecules having glucose oxidase activity.
70. The biosensor system of claim 68, wherein the hydrogel has
a quantity of glucose-binding moieties immobilized therein, and
a quantity of complementary molecules immobilized therein, said complementary molecules configured to selectively bind to said glucose-binding moieties.
71. The biosensor system of claim 69, wherein the glucose-binding moieties are selected from the group consisting of: boronic acids, phenylboronic acid, inactivated glucose-binding enzymes, glucose binding sites derived from glucose-binding enzymes, glucose-specific antibodies, lectins, and glucose binding sites derived from lectins.