1. A method of determining uplink ciphering activation time in a user equipment (UE), the UE configurable for communication with a telecommunications network over a communications channel comprising a radio bearer, the uplink ciphering activation time for determining a time at which a new ciphering configuration is to be implemented between the user equipment and the network, the method comprising the steps of:
determining, at the user equipment, the uplink activation time to be greater than a time to receive a response message at the network to a ciphering change request message while minimizing delay in the change to the new ciphering configuration;
the method further comprising, at the user equipment, determining a size of the response message to the ciphering change request message and determining a size of queued messages for sending over the communications channel using the radio bearer, the response message configurable to be transmitted from the UE via the communications channel using one or more protocol data units (PDUs);
using, at the user equipment, the determined size of the response message and queued messages, and a current sequent number for the radio bearer, in determining the uplink ciphering activation time;
inserting, at the user equipment, the uplink ciphering activation time into the response message and queuing the response message for transmission.
2. The method of claim 1 where determining a size comprises inserting a value comprising an estimated uplink ciphering activation time to the response message.
3. The method of claim 2 where the value is a dummy value.
4. The method of claim 1 where determining a size comprises accessing a table comprising maximum message sizes, and identifying a maximum size of message for use in determining the response message size.
5. The method of claim 1 comprising:
sending the response message;
disallowing any messages from being sent over the communications channel until receipt of a message comprising acknowledgement of the response message.
6. The method of claim 1 comprising:
sending the response message;
allowing further messages to be sent over the communications channel until the response message is acknowledged.
7. The method of claim 1 where determining an uplink ciphering activation time is further based on a number of queued messages on the radio bearer’s queue.
8. The method of claim 1 where the communications channel comprises signalling on radio bearer 2 (RB2).
9. The method of claim 1 where the response message is sent from the radio resource control (RRC).
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
sending a message of the determined size;
receiving a message comprising indicia that the sent message is acknowledged by the telecommunications network;
determining an amount of time that passed between the sending and the receiving; and
using the determined amount of time in determining the uplink ciphering activation time.
11. The method of claim 1 where the telecommunications network is a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) compliant communications network.
12. User equipment (UE) for determining an uplink ciphering activation time (UCAT) applicable to a communications channel on the UE, the communications channel compliant with a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), the UCAT usable to determine a time at which a new ciphering configuration for an uplink is to be implemented, the UE comprising:
a processor configured to generate a response message after receiving a ciphering change request message, the response message configurable for sending on a radio bearer, the response message configured to include the UCAT, the processor for calculating the UCAT to be greater than a time to receive the response message at the network while minimizing delay in the change to the new ciphering configuration, to determine a size of the response message to the ciphering change request, to determine a size of queued messages for sending over a communications channel using the radio bearer, the response message being configurable to be transmitted, to use a determined size of the response message and queued messages, and a current sequence number for the radio bearer to determine the uplink ciphering activation time, and to insert the uplink ciphering time into the response message and to queue the response message for transmission.
13. The UE of claim 12 where the processor is further configured to determine a size of the response message;
and further where the processor is configured to calculate the UCAT based on a data rate.
14. The UE of claim 13 where the processor is further configured to determine the size of the response message by including an example value comprising an estimated uplink ciphering activation time.
15. The UE of claim 14 where the example value is a dummy value.
16. The UE of claim 13 where the processor is further configured to determine the size of the response message by accessing a table comprising maximum message sizes, and identifying a maximum size of message for use as a response message.
17. The UE of claim 13 where the processor is further configured to determine a time, the time based on sending a message having a substantially same size as the size of the response message, to the receipt of a message comprising indicia that the sent message was acknowledged by the telecommunications network; and to use the determined time to calculate a UCAT.
18. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program product comprising:
computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium for configuring a response message after receiving a ciphering change request message, the configured response message to be usable for sending on a radio bearer and to be receivable by a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) compliant communications network;
computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium for determining an uplink ciphering activation time to be greater than a time to receive a response message at the network to a ciphering change request message while minimizing delay in the change to the new ciphering configuration, to determine a size of the response message to the ciphering change request, to determine a size of queued messages for sending over a communications channel using the radio bearer, the response message being configurable to be transmitted, to use a determined size of the response message and queued messages, and a current sequence number for the radio bearer to determine the uplink ciphering activation time, and to insert the uplink ciphering time into the response message and to queue the response message for transmission.
19. The computer program product of claim 18 further comprising computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium for determining a size of the response message;
computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium for determining the uplink ciphering activation time using the determined size and a data rate; and
computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium for incorporating the determined uplink ciphering activation time in the response message.
20. The computer program product of claim 18 where the computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium, when run on a UE, causes the UE to keep track of an amount of time between the sending of a message of the determined size and the receipt of a message comprising indicia that the sent message is acknowledged by the telecommunications network, and, using the determined amount of time in determining the uplink ciphering activation time.
21. The computer program product of claim 18 where the computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium, when run on a UE, causes the UE to calculate the size of the response message by including in the response message an example value comprising an estimated uplink ciphering activation time.
22. The computer program product of claim 18 where the computer readable program code embodied at the non-transitory computer readable storage medium, when run on a UE, causes the UE to calculate the size of the response message by accessing a table comprising maximum message sizes, and identifying a maximum size of message for use as a response message.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image-forming lens set comprising an aperture stop, a first lens with positive power, a second lens with negative power and a third lens, which are arranged along an optical axis from an object side toward an image side in order;
wherein the first lens has two opposite surfaces including a convex surface facing the object side, and at least one of the two opposite surfaces is a non-spherical surface;
wherein the second lens is a convex-concave lens having two opposite surfaces including a concave surface facing the object side, and at least one of the two opposite surfaces of the second lens is a non-spherical surface;
wherein the third lens has negative refractive power becoming greater from a center to a periphery of positive refractive power; the third lens has two non-spherical opposite surfaces including a convex surface facing the object side; and
wherein at least one of the first, second and third lenses is coated with a layer of optical film for filtering light.
2. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 1, which satisfies the Equation 1 as follows:
0.2<(|R21||R22|)<1.5\u2003\u2003Equation 1
in which:
R21 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the second lens that faces the object side; and
R22 is the radius of curvature of the surface of the second lens that faces the image side.
3. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 1, which satisfies the Equation 2 as follows:
\u22121.5\u2266(F1+F2)F\u22660.3\u2003\u2003Equation 2
in which:
F1 is the effective focal length of the first lens;
F2 is the effective focal length of the second lens; and
F is the effective focal length of the image-forming lens set.
4. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 1, which satisfies the Equation 3 as follows:
20.5<V2<35.3\u2003\u2003Equation 3
in which V2 is the dispersion coefficient of the second lens.
5. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 1, which satisfies the Equation 4 as follows:
45.3<V3<56.3\u2003\u2003Equation 4
in which V3 is the dispersion coefficient of the third lens.
6. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of the first, second and third lenses is coated with a layer of optical film for enhancing light transmission.
7. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a protective glass located between the third lens and the image side.
8. An image-forming lens set comprising an aperture stop, a first lens with positive power, a second lens with negative power, a third lens and a fourth lens, which are arranged along an optical axis from an object side toward an image side in order;
wherein the first lens has two opposite surfaces including a convex surface facing the object side, and at least one of the two opposite surfaces is a non-spherical surface;
wherein the second lens is a convex-concave lens having two opposite surfaces including a concave surface facing the object side, and at least one of the two opposite surfaces of the second lens is a non-spherical surface;
wherein the third lens has negative refractive power becoming greater from a center to a periphery of positive refractive power; the third lens has two non-spherical opposite surfaces including a convex surface facing the object side; and
wherein the fourth lens is coated with a layer of optical film for filtering light.
9. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fourth lens is a planar lens made of glass.
10. The image-forming lens set as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least one of the first, second and third lenses is coated with a layer of optical film for enhancing light transmission.