What is claimed is:
1. A resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label, which comprises: from 50 to 95% by weight of a crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer mainly comprising propylene, the copolymer satisfying the following requirements (1) to (3); and from 5 to 50% by weight of an alicyclic hydrocarbon resin having a softening temperature of not lower than 110 C.:
Requirement (1): The copolymer exhibits a melt flow rate of from 0.5 to 10 g10 min at a temperature of 230 C. and a load of 2.16 kg;
Requirement (2): The copolymer exhibits a main fusion peak temperature (Tp) of from 100 C. to 140 C. as determined by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC); and
Requirement (3): The copolymer exhibits T50 of not higher than 125 C. with the proviso that T50 is a temperature ( C.) at which an amount of heat of fusion calculated from a lower temperature side is 50% of Hm supposing that Hm is the total amount of heat of fusion of the copolymer as determined by DSC.
2. The resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 1, wherein in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, at least one peak of loss tangent (tan ) measured at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 0.1% is observed at the range of from 30 C. to 100 C., and a peak value thereof is not smaller than 0.10.
3. The resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 1, wherein the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer is a propylene-ethylene random copolymer.
4. The resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 1, wherein the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer is a copolymer obtained by polymerization in the presence of a metallocene catalyst.
5. A resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label, which comprises a crystalline polypropylene in an amount of not smaller than 50% by weight, wherein in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, at least one peak of loss tangent (tan 6) measured at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 0.1% is observed at the range of from 30 C. to 100 C., and a peak value thereof is not smaller than 0.10.
6. The resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 5, wherein in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, at least one peak of loss tangent (tan ) measured at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 0.1% is observed at the range of from 30 C. to 100 C., and a peak value thereof is not smaller than 0.10.
7. The resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 5, wherein the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer is a propylene-ethylene random copolymer.
8. The resin composition for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 5, wherein the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer is a copolymer obtained by polymerization in the presence of a metallocene catalyst.
9. A film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label comprising a resin composition according to claim 1, which has been stretched at least monoaxially at a draw ratio of not smaller than 2.
10. A film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label comprising a resin composition according to claim 5, which has been stretched at least monoaxially at a draw ratio of not smaller than 2.
11. A laminated film for shrink label, which comprises as an interlayer (I) a layer comprising a resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the sum number of the interlayer (I) and a surface layer (II) is not smaller than 2.
12. A laminated film for shrink label, which comprises as an interlayer (I) a layer comprising a resin composition according to claim 5, wherein the sum of the interlayer (I) and surface layer (II) is not smaller than 2.
13. A laminated film for shrink label, which comprises: an interlayer (I) comprising a resin composition according to claim 1; and a surface layer (II) laminated on at least one side of the interlayer (I), the laminated film having been stretched at least monoaxially at a draw ratio of not smaller than 2,
wherein the surface layer (II) laminated on at least one side of the interlayer (I) has a total thickness of 1 to 50% of the total film thickness, and the surface layer (II) comprises a resin composition comprising a crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2) mainly comprising a propylene, the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2) satisfying the following requirements (d) and (e):
Requirement (d): The resin composition exhibits a melt flow rate of from 0.5 to 50 g10 min at a temperature of 230 C. and a load of 2.16 kg; and
Requirement (e): The resin composition exhibits a main fusion peak temperature (Tp) of from 100 C. to 150 C. as determined by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
14. A laminated film for shrink label, which comprises: an interlayer (I) comprising a resin composition according to claim 5; and a surface layer (II) laminated on at least one side of the interlayer (I), the laminated film having been stretched at least monoaxially at a draw ratio of not smaller than 2,
wherein the surface layer (II) laminated on at least one side of the interlayer (I) has a total thickness of 1 to 50% of the total film thickness, and the surface layer (II) comprises a resin composition comprising a crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2) mainly comprising a propylene, the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2) satisfying the following requirements (d) and (e):
Requirement (d): The resin composition exhibits a melt flow rate of from 0.5 to 50 g10 min at a temperature of 230 C. and a load of 2.16 kg; and
Requirement (e): The resin composition exhibits a main fusion peak temperature (Tp) of from 100 C. to 150 C. as determined by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
15. The laminated film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 13, wherein the surface layer (II) comprises a resin composition comprising an anti-blocking agent having a volume-average particle diameter of from 1.0 to 10 m in an amount of from 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2).
16. The laminated film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 14, wherein the surface layer (II) comprises a resin composition comprising an anti-blocking agent having a volume-average particle diameter of from 1.0 to 10 m in an amount of from 0.05 to 1.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2).
17. The laminated film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 13, wherein the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2) in the surface layer is a propylene-ethylene random copolymer.
18. The laminated film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 14, wherein the crystalline propylene–olefin random copolymer (2) in the surface layer is a propylene-ethylene random copolymer.
19. The film for shrink label according to claim 9, which shrinks in the main shrinking direction at a shrinkage rate satisfying the following relationships (1) to (3), exhibits a specific gravity of not greater than 0.95, and shrinks at a shrinkage rate of less than 3% at a temperature of 40 C. in 7 days:
Relationship (1):
S80>251d215
Relationship (2):
S90>531d462
Relationship (3):
S100>627d541
wherein S80, S90 and S100 are shrinkage rates (%) in the main shrinking direction determined when dipped in a hot water bath at 80 C., 90 C. and 100 C., respectively, for 10 seconds; and d is the specific gravity of the film for shrink label.
20. The film for shrink label according to claim 10, which shrinks in the main shrinking direction at a shrinkage rate satisfying the following relationships (1) to (3), exhibits a specific gravity of not greater than 0.95, and shrinks at a shrinkage rate of less than 3% at a temperature of 40 C. in 7 days:
Relationship (1):
S80>251d215
Relationship (2):
S90>531d462
Relationship (3):
S100>627d541
wherein S80, S90 and S100 are shrinkage rates in the main shrinking direction determined when dipped in a hot water bath at 80 C., 90 C.andlO C., respectively, for 10 seconds; and d is the specific gravity of the film for shrink label.
21. The laminated film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 11, which shrinks in the main shrinking direction at a shrinkage rate satisfying the following relationships (1) to (3), exhibits a specific gravity of not greater than 0.94, and shrinks at a shrinkage rate of less than 3% at a temperature of 40 C. in 7 days:
Relationship (1):
S80>251d215
Relationship (2):
S90>531d462
Relationship (3):
S100>627d541
wherein S80, S90 and S100 are shrinkage rates (%) in the main shrinking direction determined when dipped in a hot water bath at 80 C., 90 C. and 100 C., respectively, for 10 seconds; and d is the specific gravity of the laminated film for shrink label.
22. The laminated film for heat-shrinkable polypropylene shrink label according to claim 12, which shrinks in the main shrinking direction at a shrinkage rate satisfying the following relationships (1) to (3), exhibits a specific gravity of not greater than 0.94, and shrinks at a shrinkage rate of less than 3% at a temperature of 40 C. in 7 days:
Relationship (1):
S80>251d215
Relationship (2):
S90>531d462
Relationship (3):
S100>627d541
wherein S80, S90 and S100 are shrinkage rates (%) in the main shrinking direction determined when dipped in a hot water bath at 80 C., 90 C. and 100 C., respectively, for 10 seconds; and d is the specific gravity of the laminated film for shrink label.
23. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a film for shrink label according to claim 9.
24. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a film for shrink label according to claim 10.
25. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a film for shrink label according to claim 19.
26. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a film for shrink label according to claim 20.
27. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a laminated film for shrink label according to claim 11.
28. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a laminated film for shrink label according to claim 12.
29. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a laminated film for shrink label according to claim 13.
30. A heat-shrinkable label having a specific gravity of less than 1.0, which comprises a laminated film for shrink label according to claim 14.
31. A container having a heat-shrinkable label according to claim 23 attached thereto.
32. A container having a heat-shrinkable label according to claim 24 attached thereto.
33. A container having a heat-shrinkable label according to claim 27 attached thereto.
34. A container having a heat-shrinkable label according to claim 28 attached thereto.
35. A container having a heat-shrinkable label according to claim 29 attached thereto.
36. A container having a heat-shrinkable label according to claim 30 attached thereto.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A circuit for conditioning a power supply having a current-voltage characteristic that is an exponential function for which a graph of the power supplied as a function of the voltage at the terminals of said power supply features a maximum power point, said conditioning circuit comprising:
a power cell with one input that is supplied with power by said power supply and one output that supplies power to a load, and
a control circuit for controlling said power cell via a control signal applied to said power cell to slave the input voltage of said power cell, wherein
said control circuit comprises:
calculation means comprising means for receiving instantaneous measurements of points on said current-voltage characteristic and a program that determines said exponential function of said current-voltage characteristic on the basis of four points on said current-voltage characteristic and determines a reference voltage, and
control means for supplying said control signal representative of the difference between the reference voltage calculated by said calculation means and an instantaneous voltage at the output of the power supply so as to cancel out said control signal.
2. The circuit claimed in claim 1 wherein, said current-voltage characteristic of said power supply being of the form:
i=iSC\u2212iR(exp(av)\u22121),
said calculation means determines the parameters of the above equation from the following equations:
a
=
\u2062
1
v
1
–
v
2
\u2062
Log
\u2061
(
\u2146
i
1
\u2146
i
2
\u2062
\u2146
v
2
\u2146
v
1
)
i
R
=
\u2062
–
\u2146
i
\u2146
v
\u2062
1
a
\u2062
\u2062
exp
\u2061
(
av
)
i
SC
=
\u2062
i
–
i
R
\u2061
(
exp
\u2061
(
av
)
–
1
)
.
3. The circuit claimed in claim 1 wherein said calculation means determines said reference voltage using the Newton-Raphson method applied to said exponential function of siad current-voltage characteristic.
4. The circuit claimed in claim 1, further comprising a current sensor that measures an instantaneous current in a regular manner and wherein said calculation means launches said program when a current variation between the instantaneous current and a maximum power point current exceeds a predetermined threshold.
5. The circuit claimed in claim 1, wherein said control circuit comprises an adder for comparing the instantaneous voltage at the output of said power supply and the reference voltage generated by said calculation means, said adder delivering at its output a signal representative of the difference between the latter magnitudes at the input of said control means.
6. A solar generator comprising a power supply for which a graph of the power supplied as a function of the voltage at the terminals of said power supply features a maximum power point, wherein said solar generator is adapted to be conditioned by the circuit claimed in claim 1.
7. A method of using a conditioning circuit to condition a power supply having a current-voltage characteristic that is an exponential function for which a graph of the power supplied as a function of the voltage at the terminals of said power supply features a maximum power point, said conditioning circuit comprising:
a power cell with one input that is supplied with power by said power supply and one output that supplies power to a load, and
a control circuit for controlling said power cell via a control signal applied to said power cell to slave the input voltage of said power cell, wherein said conditioning method comprises:
a step of determining said exponential function of said current-voltage characteristic using four points on said current-voltage characteristic,
a step of determining a reference voltage, and
a step of transmitting said control signal representative of the difference between the calculated reference voltage and an instantaneous voltage at the output of said power supply so as to cancel out said control signal.
8. The method claimed in claim 7 wherein, said current-voltage characteristic of said power supply being of the form:
i=iSC\u2212iR(exp(av)\u22121),
wherein the parameters of the above equation are determined from the following equations:
a
=
\u2062
1
v
1
–
v
2
\u2062
Log
\u2061
(
\u2146
i
1
\u2146
i
2
\u2062
\u2146
v
2
\u2146
v
1
)
i
R
=
\u2062
–
\u2146
i
\u2146
v
\u2062
1
a
\u2062
\u2062
exp
\u2061
(
av
)
i
SC
=
\u2062
i
–
i
R
\u2061
(
exp
\u2061
(
av
)
–
1
)
.
9. The method claimed in claim 7 wherein said determination of said reference voltage uses the Newton-Raphson method applied to said exponential function of said current-voltage characteristic.
10. The method claimed in claim 7 wherein said conditioning circuit further comprises a current sensor that measures an instantaneous current in a regular manner, wherein said method determines said exponential function and said reference voltage as soon as a current variation between said instantaneous current and said current corresponding to said maximum power point exceeds a predetermined threshold.
11. The method claimed in claim 7, wherein said method uses four points on said current-voltage characteristic, one of which is said maximum power point, and the other three points being obtained by application of successive voltage levels at the output of said power cell and by sensing corresponding currents.